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Article ; Online: The effects of vibrating shoe insoles on standing balance, walking, and ankle-foot muscle activity in adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Hatton, Anna L / Chatfield, Mark D / Cattagni, Thomas / Vicenzino, Bill

2024 Volume 111, Page(s) 8–13

Abstract: Background: Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes, which can lead to impaired balance and walking. Innovative footwear devices designed to stimulate foot sensory receptors, such as vibrating insoles, could ... ...

Abstract	Background: Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes, which can lead to impaired balance and walking. Innovative footwear devices designed to stimulate foot sensory receptors, such as vibrating insoles, could offer a new route to improve motor impairments in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Research question: Does wearing vibrating insoles for the first time alter measures of balance, walking, and ankle-foot muscle activity, in people with DPN? Methods: A randomised cross-over study was conducted with 18 ambulant men and women with a diagnosis of DPN. Participants performed tests of standing balance (Bertec® force platform) under four conditions (foam/firm surface, eyes open/closed) and level-ground walking (GAITRite® instrumented walkway), whilst wearing vibrating and non-vibrating (control) insoles on two separate occasions (one insole/session). Electromyography (EMG) was used to assess soleus, medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus activity during balance tests. Outcomes included centre of pressure (CoP) sway, EMG amplitude, spatiotemporal gait patterns, and Timed Up and Go test. One sample t-tests were used to explore %differences in outcomes between insole conditions. Results: Wearing vibrating insoles led to a reduction (improvement) in CoP elliptical area, when standing on a foam surface with eyes closed, relative to non-vibrating insoles (P=0.03). Applying perceptible vibrations to the soles of the feet also reduced the EMG amplitude in soleus (P=0.01 and P=0.04) and medial gastrocnemius (P=0.03 and P=0.09) when standing with eyes closed on firm and foam surfaces. Significance: Our findings of signs of improved balance and altered muscle activity with suprasensory vibrating insoles provides new insights into how these devices can be used to inform innovative rehabilitation approaches in individuals with DPN. This will be strengthened by further research into possible clinical benefits of these devices - given that the effects we detected were small with uncertain clinical meaning.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1162323-8
ISSN	1879-2219 ; 0966-6362
ISSN (online)	1879-2219
ISSN	0966-6362
DOI	10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.04.008
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Article ; Online: Win ratio analyses of piperacillin-tazobactam versus meropenem for ceftriaxone non-susceptible Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections: Post-hoc insights from the MERINO trial.

Hardy, Melissa / Harris, Patrick N A / Paterson, David L / Chatfield, Mark D / Mo, Yin

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2024

Abstract: Background: Clinical trials of treatments for serious infections commonly use the primary endpoint of all-cause mortality. However, many trial participants survive their infection and this endpoint may not truly reflect important benefits and risks of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Clinical trials of treatments for serious infections commonly use the primary endpoint of all-cause mortality. However, many trial participants survive their infection and this endpoint may not truly reflect important benefits and risks of therapy. The win ratio uses a hierarchical composite endpoint that can incorporate and prioritise outcome measures by relative clinical importance. Methods: The win ratio methodology was applied post-hoc to outcomes observed in the MERINO trial, which compared piperacillin-tazobactam with meropenem. We quantified the win ratio with a primary hierarchical composite endpoint, including all-cause mortality, microbiological relapse and secondary infection. A win ratio of one would correspond to no difference between the two antibiotics, while a ratio less than one favors meropenem. Further analyses were performed to calculate the win odds and to introduce a continuous outcome variable in order to reduce ties. Results: With the hierarchy of all-cause mortality, microbiological relapse and secondary infection, the win ratio estimate was 0.40 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.71; p=0.002), favoring meropenem over piperacillin-tazobactam. However, 73.4% of the pairs were tied due to the small proportion of events. The win odds, a modification of the win ratio accounting for ties, was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.92). The addition of length of stay to the primary composite, greatly minimised the number of ties (4.6%) with a win ratio estimate of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60-0.99; p=0.04). Conclusions: The application of the win ratio methodology to the MERINO trial data illustrates its utility and feasibility for use in antimicrobial trials.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciae050
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Article ; Online: Understanding between-cluster variation in prevalence and limits for how much variation is plausible.

Chatfield, Mark D / Farewell, Daniel M

Statistical methods in medical research

2020 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 286–298

Abstract: In clinical trials and observational studies of clustered binary data, understanding between-cluster variation is essential: in sample size and power calculations of cluster randomised trials, for example, the intra-cluster correlation coefficient is ... ...

Abstract	In clinical trials and observational studies of clustered binary data, understanding between-cluster variation is essential: in sample size and power calculations of cluster randomised trials, for example, the intra-cluster correlation coefficient is often specified. However, quantifications of between-cluster variation can be unintuitive, and an intra-cluster correlation coefficient as low as 0.04 may correspond to surprisingly large between-cluster differences. We suggest that understanding is improved through visualising the implied distribution of true cluster prevalences - possibly by assuming they follow a beta distribution - or by calculating their standard deviation, which is more readily interpretable than the intra-cluster correlation coefficient. Even so, the bounded nature of binary data complicates the interpretation of variances as primary measures of uncertainty, and entropy offers an attractive alternative. Appealing to maximum entropy theory, we propose the following rule of thumb: that plausible intra-cluster correlation coefficients and standard deviations of true cluster prevalences are both bounded above by the overall prevalence, its complement, and one third. We also provide corresponding bounds for the coefficient of variation, and for a different standard deviation and intra-cluster correlation defined on the log odds scale. Using previously published data, we observe the quantities defined on the log odds scale to be more transportable between studies with different outcomes with different prevalences than the intra-cluster correlation and coefficient of variation. The latter increase and decrease, respectively, as prevalence increases from 0% to 50%, and the same is true for our bounds. Our work will help clinical trialists better understand between-cluster variation and avoid specifying implausibly high values for the intra-cluster correlation in sample size and power calculations.
MeSH term(s)	Cluster Analysis ; Prevalence ; Sample Size
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1136948-6
ISSN	1477-0334 ; 0962-2802
ISSN (online)	1477-0334
ISSN	0962-2802
DOI	10.1177/0962280220951831
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Article ; Online: Letter to the Editor: Is the R coefficient of interest in cluster randomized trials with a binary outcome?

Chatfield, Mark D / Farewell, Daniel M

Statistical methods in medical research

2020 Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 1763–1764

MeSH term(s)	Analysis of Variance ; Cluster Analysis ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1136948-6
ISSN	1477-0334 ; 0962-2802
ISSN (online)	1477-0334
ISSN	0962-2802
DOI	10.1177/0962280220912783
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Article ; Online: Sales response to price promotions in Great Britain: effect size 1/100 of that claimed.

Chatfield, Mark D

The American journal of clinical nutrition

2015 Volume 102, Issue 4, Page(s) 977

MeSH term(s)	Advertising/methods ; Female ; Food, Organic/economics ; Health Promotion/economics ; Humans ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	10.3945/ajcn.115.114181
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Article ; Online: Rapid diagnostic tests and antimicrobial stewardship programs for the management of bloodstream infection: What is their relative contribution to improving clinical outcomes? A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Peri, Anna Maria / Chatfield, Mark D / Ling, Weiping / Furuya-Kanamori, Luis / Harris, Patrick N A / Paterson, David L

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2024

Abstract: Background: Evidence about the clinical impact of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections is limited, and whether RDT are superior to conventional blood cultures (BC) embedded within antimicrobial stewardship programs ( ... ...

Abstract	Background: Evidence about the clinical impact of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections is limited, and whether RDT are superior to conventional blood cultures (BC) embedded within antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) is unknown. Methods: We performed network meta-analyses (NMA) using results from studies of patients with bloodstream infection with the aim of comparing the clinical impact of RDT (applied on positive BC broth or whole blood) to conventional BC, both assessed with and without ASP with respect to mortality, length of stay (LOS) and time to optimal therapy (TOT). Results: Eighty-eight papers were selected, including 25,682 patient encounters. There was an appreciable amount of statistical heterogeneity within each meta-analysis. The NMA showed a significant reduction in mortality associated with the use of RDT + ASP vs BC alone (OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.59, 0.87) and with the use of RDT + ASP vs BC + ASP (OR 0.78 95%CI 0.63, 0.96). No benefit in survival was found associated with the use of RDT alone nor with BC + ASP compared to BC alone. A reduction in LOS was associated with RDT + ASP vs BC alone (0.91, 95%CI 0.84, 0.98) while no difference in LOS was shown between any other groups. A reduced TOT was shown when RDT + ASP was compared to BC alone (-29 h, 95%CI -35, -23), BC + ASP (-18 h, 95%CI -27, -10) and to RDT alone (-12 h, 95%CI -20, -3). Conclusion: The use of RDT + ASP may lead to a survival benefit even when introduced in settings already adopting effective ASP in association with conventional BC.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciae234
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Article ; Online: Effect of Active Motor Learning Interventions on Gross Motor Function and Mobility in Children Aged 2 to 6 Years With Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

McLeod, Kate L / Thorley, Megan / Reedman, Sarah E / Chatfield, Mark D / Sakzewski, Leanne

Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association

2023 Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 412–428

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review is to identify evidence-based interventions to promote active motor learning in children aged 2 to 6 years with bilateral cerebral palsy.: Summary of key points: Seven randomized clinical trials of ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review is to identify evidence-based interventions to promote active motor learning in children aged 2 to 6 years with bilateral cerebral palsy. Summary of key points: Seven randomized clinical trials of active motor learning interventions targeting gross motor function and mobility were included. Two studies compared context-focused therapy to child-focused therapy. Five studies compared active motor therapy to usual care. Context-focused therapy, child-focused therapy, and active motor therapy were comparable to usual care to improve functional mobility and gross motor function. Conclusions and recommendations for clinical practice: There are limited active intervention studies targeting gross motor function for young children with bilateral cerebral palsy. The authors recommend consideration of the clinical good practice guidelines, dosage parameters, and improved reporting methods when implementing active motor learning interventions targeting gross motor function and mobility for children with cerebral palsy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Cerebral Palsy/rehabilitation ; Motor Skills ; Movement
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1036679-9
ISSN	1538-005X ; 0898-5669
ISSN (online)	1538-005X
ISSN	0898-5669
DOI	10.1097/PEP.0000000000001041
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Article ; Online: Commentary on Stability of the Gross Motor Function Classification System in Children with Cerebral Palsy Living in Stockholm and Factors Associated with Change.

Burgess, Andrea / Sakzewski, Leanne / Boyd, Roslyn N / Chatfield, Mark D

Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics

2021 Volume 41, Issue 4, Page(s) 337–339

MeSH term(s)	Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Humans ; Motor Skills ; Severity of Illness Index
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	783998-4
ISSN	1541-3144 ; 0194-2638
ISSN (online)	1541-3144
ISSN	0194-2638
DOI	10.1080/01942638.2021.1909981
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Article ; Online: Satisfaction of tuberculosis patients to healthcare services at the global level: A systematic review.

Endalamaw, Aklilu / Gilks, Charles F / Ambaw, Fentie / Chatfield, Mark D / Assefa, Yibeltal

Health & social care in the community

2022 Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) e3435–e3446

Abstract: Patient satisfaction is a critical component of quality of care assessment in the pursuit of universal health coverage to end the tuberculosis epidemic and other diseases. This study aimed to review the level of satisfaction of tuberculosis patients and ... ...

Abstract	Patient satisfaction is a critical component of quality of care assessment in the pursuit of universal health coverage to end the tuberculosis epidemic and other diseases. This study aimed to review the level of satisfaction of tuberculosis patients and related factors. Articles were accessed from Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed and Google Scholar. Twenty-six papers fulfilled the eligibility criteria from 13 countries. The percentage of satisfied tuberculosis patients ranged from 53.5% to 97.0% in the five African countries, 67.8 to 97.2% in India, South-East Asia, 82.0% in Pakistan, East-Mediterranean and 92.9% in Armenia, the European region. Accessibility, healthcare cost, treatment duration and taking supervised-directly observed treatment were healthcare service-related determinants. Technical competency, interpersonal relationships, confidentiality, time spent with healthcare providers, time spent waiting for care and counselling and health education were health worker-related determinants. Patient-related variables that determine satisfaction were gender, age, ethnicity, place of residence, marital status, educational status, income and health status. Developing and/or approaching an internationally-agreed tool to measure tuberculosis patient satisfaction in healthcare settings will improve the availability of high-quality and comparable data to verify actual variation across and within a country. A multidimensional approach considering clients, health workers and healthcare settings is required to holistically address satisfaction issues of tuberculosis patients to gradually realise universal health coverage.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Personal Satisfaction ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/therapy ; Health Personnel/education ; Counseling
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1155902-0
ISSN	1365-2524 ; 0966-0410
ISSN (online)	1365-2524
ISSN	0966-0410
DOI	10.1111/hsc.13953
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Article ; Online: Social skills group training in adolescents with disabilities: A systematic review.

Gilmore, Rose / Ziviani, Jenny / Chatfield, Mark D / Goodman, Sarah / Sakzewski, Leanne

Research in developmental disabilities

2022 Volume 125, Page(s) 104218

Abstract: Background: Group social skills interventions (GSSIs) are offered to youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to improve social functioning. This systematic review focused on the adolescent population, including a wider range of disabilities.: Aims: ...

Abstract	Background: Group social skills interventions (GSSIs) are offered to youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to improve social functioning. This systematic review focused on the adolescent population, including a wider range of disabilities. Aims: To evaluate effectiveness of GSSIs at improving social functioning in adolescents with congenital, acquired or developmental disabilities. Methods and procedures: Databases, trial registries and dissertations were systematically searched and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials conducted. Study screening, risk-of-bias assessment and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation were completed. Outcomes and results: Sixteen studies (n = 1119), 15 with adolescents with ASD and one with brain tumor survivors, revealed GSSIs reduced social impairment on the Social Responsiveness Scale (mean difference (MD) 9.68, 95% CI 5.63-13.73; P < 0.001), increased social skills on the Social Skill Improvement System Rating Scales (SMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.10-0.65; P = 0.007), and improved adolescent social knowledge on the Test of Adolescent Social Skills (MD 7.43 points, 95% CI 5.36-9.50; P < 0.001). Conclusions and implications: There is moderate certainty evidence that GSSIs improve social responsiveness, social skills and knowledge, and low certainty of evidence to improve social participation for adolescents with ASD. High quality randomized studies are required to inform clinical practice with adolescents with other disabilities. What this paper adds: Current evidence for group social skills interventions (GSSIs) is for adolescents with autism (ASD). GSSIs likely improve social knowledge and reduce impairments in adolescents with ASD, however the effect of GSSIs on social participation is not well understood. Only one randomized trial investigated GSSIs in another population of adolescents, highlighting the need for more high-quality studies including adolescents with other disabilities.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Social Adjustment ; Social Participation ; Social Skills
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	639175-8
ISSN	1873-3379 ; 0891-4222
ISSN (online)	1873-3379
ISSN	0891-4222
DOI	10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104218
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