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Article: Recent changes in Indian monsoon in light of regionalization based on various rain features

Chatterjee, Chandrani / Das, Saurabh

Theoretical and applied climatology. 2021 Nov., v. 146, no. 3-4

2021

Abstract: The effect of climate change on precipitation pattern is emerging out as a serious global challenge. However, the quantification and assessment of the climate change effect on precipitation are a challenging issue given the spatio-temporal inhomogeneity ... ...

Abstract	The effect of climate change on precipitation pattern is emerging out as a serious global challenge. However, the quantification and assessment of the climate change effect on precipitation are a challenging issue given the spatio-temporal inhomogeneity of rainfall. Previous studies mostly used only rain intensity information for the identification of climate change signature by selecting homogeneous rain regions. Rain climatology, however, has several other important characteristics like occurrence of multiple rain type, occurrence of extreme rain events and their spatial distribution. The present study provides a novel approach to combine satellite data with ground measurements for addressing this issue. In this study, the Indian subcontinent has been divided into homogeneous regions based on six different rain features, obtained from ground observations and TRMM satellite measurements of 12 years, using K-medoid clustering technique. The rain features showed distinguishable patterns in the resulting nine homogeneous rain zones and distinct behavioural patterns in the inter-relationships between the various rain features. To verify the consistency of the proposed regionalization, the recent changes in mean monsoon rain rates are then studied using 40 years of rain gauge measurements for these regions. Increasing trends in monsoon rain are observed in two homogeneous regions whereas five of them have shown decreasing signature of rain intensity. Although the present study focused only on monsoon rain over India, the results indicate the suitability of the proposed method as an efficient technique of identifying homogeneous region for other seasons and locations as well.
Keywords	climate change ; climatology ; monsoon season ; rain ; rain gauges ; rain intensity ; remote sensing ; satellites ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Size	p. 1007-1018.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1463177-5
ISSN	1434-4483 ; 0177-798X
ISSN (online)	1434-4483
ISSN	0177-798X
DOI	10.1007/s00704-021-03781-z
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Case study: cochlear implantation in cochlear otospongiosis.

Marfatia, Hetal / Shah, Keya / Pareek, Ankur / Chatterjee, Chandrani / Goyal, Pankaj

Cochlear implants international

2019 Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 121–125

Abstract: Objective and importance: ...

Abstract	Objective and importance:
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Cochlear Implantation ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Bilateral/congenital ; Hearing Loss, Bilateral/surgery ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/congenital ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/surgery ; Humans ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta/complications ; Otosclerosis/congenital ; Otosclerosis/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2079515-4
ISSN	1754-7628 ; 1467-0100
ISSN (online)	1754-7628
ISSN	1467-0100
DOI	10.1080/14670100.2019.1678894
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Article: Sensitive colorimetric sensors for visual detection of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide

Chatterjee, Chandrani / Sen, Ayusman

Journal of materials chemistry A. 2015 Feb. 24, v. 3, no. 10

2015

Abstract: A series of highly efficient, solid-state sensors for direct colorimetric detection of gaseous CO2 and SO2 is described. The basic components of the sensors are a CO2 and SO2-responsive, tertiary amino alcohol, such as triethanolamine, and a pH-indicator ...

Abstract	A series of highly efficient, solid-state sensors for direct colorimetric detection of gaseous CO2 and SO2 is described. The basic components of the sensors are a CO2 and SO2-responsive, tertiary amino alcohol, such as triethanolamine, and a pH-indicator dye, e.g. cresol red, immobilized on a porous γ-aluminum oxide support. These sensors show distinct visual responses to low levels of CO2 and SO2 present in air. A structure–performance relationship was also established for these sensors. To increase the shelf-life, tertiary amino alcohols were covalently attached to the porous alumina support. These porous alumina-supported tertiary amino alcohols also offer potential for use as adsorbents for acidic gases such as CO2 and SO2 with the ability to selectively release these under different conditions, allowing easy separation from a gas stream.
Keywords	adsorbents ; air ; aluminum oxide ; amino alcohols ; carbon dioxide ; chemical bonding ; colorimetry ; dyes ; shelf life ; sulfur dioxide
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-0224
Size	p. 5642-5647.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2702232-8
ISSN	2050-7496 ; 2050-7488
ISSN (online)	2050-7496
ISSN	2050-7488
DOI	10.1039/c4ta06321j
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Article ; Online: Ring-opening polymerization reactions of propylene oxide catalyzed by porphyrin metal 3+ complexes of aluminum, chromium and cobalt.

Chatterjee, Chandrani / Chisholm, Malcolm H

Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)

2013 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 549–560

Abstract: In today's world, a major scientific challenge is preserving the delicate balance between industrial growth and a pollutant free terrestrial environment. Thus, "greener" syntheses of commodity materials, capture and utilization of gaseous industrial by- ... ...

Abstract	In today's world, a major scientific challenge is preserving the delicate balance between industrial growth and a pollutant free terrestrial environment. Thus, "greener" syntheses of commodity materials, capture and utilization of gaseous industrial by-products have become research areas of increasing significance. The pioneering work of Inoue showed a potential utilization of CO2, a major petrochemical by-product, and opened a new field of research. Inoue discovered the (porphyrin)Al(III)X catalyst systems, (X=Cl(-) or alkoxide) which copolymerize CO2 with epoxides to produce polycarbonates. This catalyst can also copolymerize epoxides and cyclic anhydrides to form polyesters. The current record describes our research aimed towards mechanistic understanding and further developments of (porphyrin)M(III)X catalyst systems. This detailed account shows the influence of the porphyrin ligands (tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), octaethylporphyrin (OEP), tetrakis-pentafluorophenylporphyrin (TFPP)), metal centers (Al, Cr, and Co) and Lewis base co-catalysts on the individual reaction steps and equilibria involved in the copolymerization processes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2044646-9
ISSN	1528-0691 ; 1527-8999
ISSN (online)	1528-0691
ISSN	1527-8999
DOI	10.1002/tcr.201300018
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Article ; Online: Influence of the metal (Al, Cr, and Co) and the substituents of the porphyrin in controlling the reactions involved in the copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide by porphyrin metal(III) complexes. 2. Chromium chemistry.

Chatterjee, Chandrani / Chisholm, Malcolm H

Inorganic chemistry

2012 Volume 51, Issue 21, Page(s) 12041–12052

Abstract: The reactivities of chromium(III) complexes LCrX, where L = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TFPP), and 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (OEP) and X = Cl or OH, have been studied with respect ... ...

Abstract	The reactivities of chromium(III) complexes LCrX, where L = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TFPP), and 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (OEP) and X = Cl or OH, have been studied with respect to their ability to homopolymerize propylene oxide (PO) and copolymerize PO and CO(2) to yield polypropylene oxide (PPO) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) or propylene carbonate (PC), respectively, with and without the presence of a cocatalyst, namely, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) or PPN(+)Cl(-) (bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride). The homopolymerization is notably faster (TOF ≈ 2000 h(-1) at room temperature) than copolymerization, which commonly leads to ether-rich polymers. Studies of kinetics reveal that for TPPCr(OH) with DMAP (1 equiv) the propagation reaction rate is first order in [Cr] with excess PO. With PPN(+)Cl(-) as a cocatalyst the reaction order in [Cr] and [Cl(-)] is complicated by the presence of two growing chains, and the presence of excess [Cl(-)] facilitates the formation of PC by two different backbiting mechanisms. The fixation of CO(2) is promoted by [Cl(-)] but is not greatly influenced by CO(2) pressure (1-50 bar). The reactions and polymers have been monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy, react-IR, GPC, ESI, and MALDI TOF, and NMR ((1)H, (13)C{(1)H}) spectroscopy. Notable differences are seen in these reactions when compared with earlier studies by Darensbourg et al. with salen chromium(III) systems and related aluminum(III) porphyrins.
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1484438-2
ISSN	1520-510X ; 0020-1669
ISSN (online)	1520-510X
ISSN	0020-1669
DOI	10.1021/ic302137w
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Article ; Online: The influence of the metal (Al, Cr, and Co) and the substituents of the porphyrin in controlling the reactions involved in the copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide by porphyrin metal(III) complexes. 1. Aluminum chemistry.

Chatterjee, Chandrani / Chisholm, Malcolm H

Inorganic chemistry

2011 Volume 50, Issue 10, Page(s) 4481–4492

Abstract: The reactivities of aluminum(III) complexes LAlX, where L = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TFPP), and 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyirn (OEP) and X = Cl or OEt, have been studied with respect ... ...

Abstract	The reactivities of aluminum(III) complexes LAlX, where L = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TFPP), and 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyirn (OEP) and X = Cl or OEt, have been studied with respect to their ability to homopolymerize propylene oxide (PO) and copolymerize PO and CO(2) to yield polypropylene oxide (PPO) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC), respectively, with and without the presence of a cocatalyst, namely, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) or a PPN(+) salt where the anion is Cl(-) or N(3)(-). In the presence of a cocatalyst (0.5 equiv), the TFPP complex is the most active in copolymerization to yield PPC, with the latter being effective even at 10 bar CO(2). An increase in the PPN(+)X(-)/[Al] ratio decreases the rate of PPC formation and favors the formation of propylene carbonate, (PC). Studies of the polymers formed in reactions involving Al-alkoxide initiators and PPN(+) salts by mass spectrometry indicate that one chain is grown per Al center. These results are compared with earlier studies where the reactions display first order kinetics in the metal complex.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-05-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1484438-2
ISSN	1520-510X ; 0020-1669
ISSN (online)	1520-510X
ISSN	0020-1669
DOI	10.1021/ic200142f
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Article: Chemical conversion pathways for carbohydrates

Chatterjee, Chandrani / Pong, Frances / Sen, Ayusman

Green chemistry. 2014 Dec. 22, v. 17, no. 1

2014

Abstract: Biomass has emerged as a potential alternative feedstock to dwindling fossil fuel reserves. Starting in the 1990s, extensive research has been directed towards the synthesis of useful platform chemicals from cellulosic biomass. Chemical conversion ... ...

Abstract	Biomass has emerged as a potential alternative feedstock to dwindling fossil fuel reserves. Starting in the 1990s, extensive research has been directed towards the synthesis of useful platform chemicals from cellulosic biomass. Chemical conversion processes of biomass have evolved as a parallel approach to thermochemical and enzymatic synthetic routes. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in liquid phase chemical conversions of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The reaction processes explored are hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, esterification, etherification, glycosylation, dehydration, as well as the functionalization of the polysaccharide backbone. Our review follows a “process-driven” approach where the existing carbohydrate conversion pathways are classified according to the types of chemical processes involved.
Keywords	biomass ; disaccharides ; esterification ; feedstocks ; glycosylation ; green chemistry ; hydrogenation ; hydrolysis ; liquids ; monosaccharides ; oxidation ; polysaccharides
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-1222
Size	p. 40-71.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2006274-6
ISSN	1463-9270 ; 1463-9262
ISSN (online)	1463-9270
ISSN	1463-9262
DOI	10.1039/c4gc01062k
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The influence of the metal (Al, Cr and Co) and the substituents of the porphyrin in controlling the reactions involved in the copolymerization of propylene oxide and cyclic anhydrides by porphyrin metal(III) complexes

Bernard, Alexandre / Chatterjee, Chandrani / Chisholm, Malcolm H

Polymer. 2013 May 9, v. 54, no. 11

2013

Abstract: A series of porphyrin metal(III) complexes of general formula LMX (L = tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), octaethylporphyrin (OEP), tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin (TFPP), M = Al, Cr, Co, X = Cl, OH or OEt); has been investigated as catalyst systems for the ... ...

Abstract	A series of porphyrin metal(III) complexes of general formula LMX (L = tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), octaethylporphyrin (OEP), tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin (TFPP), M = Al, Cr, Co, X = Cl, OH or OEt); has been investigated as catalyst systems for the copolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and cyclic anhydrides to produce polypropylene carboxylates, with and without a Lewis base cocatalyst: bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride (PPN⁺Cl⁻). The highest rate of copolymerization was observed with 1.0 equiv. cocatalyst and the use of phthalic anhydride (PA) monomer allowed the formation of higher molecular weight polyesters. The terpolymerization of PO, cyclic anhydride and CO₂ produced poly(ester-b-carbonates). With PPN⁺Cl⁻ cocatalyst, TPPCrCl catalyst system produced two polymer chains per metal. The polymerization processes were followed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and polymer samples were characterized by GPC, Mass (ESI and MALDI TOF) and NMR (¹H, ¹³C{¹H}) spectroscopy. The observed results are compared with earlier studies of salen and related complexes.
Keywords	molecular weight ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; phthalic anhydride ; polyesters ; polymerization ; polypropylenes ; propylene oxide
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-0509
Size	p. 2639-2646.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0032-3861
DOI	10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.033
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Coupling of Propylene Oxide and Lactide at a Porphyrin Chromium(III) Center

Balasanthiran, Vagulejan / Chatterjee Chandrani / Chisholm Malcolm H / Harrold Nicole D / RajanBabu T. V / Warren Grant A

Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2015 Feb. 11, v. 137, no. 5

2015

Abstract: 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrin chromium chloride (TPPCrCl) with added [PhâPî»Nî»PPhâ]âºClâ (PPNâºClâ) selectively polymerizes lactide (l and rac) dissolved in neat propylene oxide (PO) to yield polylactide (PLA) terminated by the âOCHMeCHâ ...

Abstract	5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrin chromium chloride (TPPCrCl) with added [PhâPî»Nî»PPhâ]âºClâ (PPNâºClâ) selectively polymerizes lactide (l and rac) dissolved in neat propylene oxide (PO) to yield polylactide (PLA) terminated by the âOCHMeCHâCl group. At 0 Â°C and below, rac-LA yields polymers highly enriched in isotactic tetrads (iii). At 25 Â°C, some stereoselectivity is lost as transesterification becomes significant, and at 60 Â°C and above, enchainment of PO leads to the formation of 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one by a backbiting mechanism. At 0 Â°C, after the enchainment of l-(S,S)-LA in neat (R)-(+)-PO, the formation of (3S,6R)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one occurs, while at higher temperatures the ratio of (3S,6R)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one to (3R,6R)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one falls to 3:2.
Keywords	chlorides ; chromium ; polylactic acid ; polymerization ; porphyrins ; propylene oxide ; stereochemistry ; temperature ; transesterification
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-0211
Size	p. 1786-1789.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021%2Fja512554t
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Article ; Online: Coupling of propylene oxide and lactide at a porphyrin chromium(III) center.

Balasanthiran, Vagulejan / Chatterjee, Chandrani / Chisholm, Malcolm H / Harrold, Nicole D / RajanBabu, T V / Warren, Grant A

Journal of the American Chemical Society

2015 Volume 137, Issue 5, Page(s) 1786–1789

Abstract: 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrin chromium chloride (TPPCrCl) with added [Ph3P═N═PPh3](+)Cl(-) (PPN(+)Cl(-)) selectively polymerizes lactide (L and rac) dissolved in neat propylene oxide (PO) to yield polylactide (PLA) terminated by the -OCHMeCH2Cl group. ... ...

Abstract	5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrin chromium chloride (TPPCrCl) with added [Ph3P═N═PPh3](+)Cl(-) (PPN(+)Cl(-)) selectively polymerizes lactide (L and rac) dissolved in neat propylene oxide (PO) to yield polylactide (PLA) terminated by the -OCHMeCH2Cl group. At 0 °C and below, rac-LA yields polymers highly enriched in isotactic tetrads (iii). At 25 °C, some stereoselectivity is lost as transesterification becomes significant, and at 60 °C and above, enchainment of PO leads to the formation of 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one by a backbiting mechanism. At 0 °C, after the enchainment of L-(S,S)-LA in neat (R)-(+)-PO, the formation of (3S,6R)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one occurs, while at higher temperatures the ratio of (3S,6R)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one to (3R,6R)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one falls to 3:2.
MeSH term(s)	Chromium/chemistry ; Dioxanes/chemistry ; Epoxy Compounds/chemistry ; Metalloporphyrins/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Dioxanes ; Epoxy Compounds ; Metalloporphyrins ; Chromium (0R0008Q3JB) ; dilactide (95-96-5) ; propylene oxide (Y4Y7NYD4BK)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021/ja512554t
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