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  1. Article: A Tool Derived from the Vicia faba Micronucleus Assay, to Assess Genotoxicity, Cytotoxicity or Biostimulation of Novel Compounds Used in Agriculture

    Klein, Perrine / Chauvey, Lorelei / Kallerhoff, Jean / Pinelli, Eric / Morard, Marie / Silvestre, Jérome

    Agronomy. 2021 Feb. 11, v. 11, no. 2

    2021  

    Abstract: The increased use of biostimulants in conventional agriculture and organic farming requires the implementation of rapid tests to determine their effectiveness in enhancing plant growth and protection against abiotic stresses. However, their innocuity to ... ...

    Abstract The increased use of biostimulants in conventional agriculture and organic farming requires the implementation of rapid tests to determine their effectiveness in enhancing plant growth and protection against abiotic stresses. However, their innocuity to plant health has rarely been demonstrated. We used the Vicia faba Micronucleus Assay, as described by the standard AFNOR EN ISO 29200(2020-05) to reveal biostimulant, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of four commercialized wood-based products by comparing mitotic indices and micronucleus frequencies with respect to the controls. Neither genotoxicity, as measured by micronucleus frequency (MN), nor cytotoxicity, assessed by Mitotic index counts, was observed. Additionally, one of these stimulants (BHS®) conferred protective effects against contaminants (maleic hydrazide or lead nitrate). We describe that plotting micronuclei frequency against mitotic indices allows discrimination between cytotoxic/genotoxic effects from growth levels. Vicia faba experiments were successfully transposed to other agronomical important crops such as corn and sunflower. This technique can be valuable to industrials, to assess growth, potential cytoxicity and genotoxicity effects of any new biostimulant or organic.
    Keywords Helianthus annuus ; Vicia faba ; agronomy ; corn ; cytotoxicity ; genotoxicity ; lead nitrate ; maleic hydrazide ; micronucleus tests ; mitosis ; mutagens ; plant growth ; plant health
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0211
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2607043-1
    ISSN 2073-4395
    ISSN 2073-4395
    DOI 10.3390/agronomy11020321
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Assessing the impact of USER‐treatment on hyRAD capture applied to ancient DNA

    Suchan, Tomasz / Chauvey, Lorelei / Poullet, Marine / Tonasso‐Calvière, Laure / Schiavinato, Stéphanie / Clavel, Pierre / Clavel, Benoit / Lepetz, Sébastien / Seguin‐Orlando, Andaine / Orlando, Ludovic

    Molecular ecology resources. 2022 Aug., v. 22, no. 6

    2022  

    Abstract: Ancient DNA preservation in subfossil specimens provides a unique opportunity to retrieve genetic information from the past. As ancient DNA extracts are generally dominated by molecules originating from environmental microbes, capture techniques are ... ...

    Abstract Ancient DNA preservation in subfossil specimens provides a unique opportunity to retrieve genetic information from the past. As ancient DNA extracts are generally dominated by molecules originating from environmental microbes, capture techniques are often used to economically retrieve orthologous sequence data at the population scale. Post‐mortem DNA damage, especially the deamination of cytosine residues into uracils, also considerably inflates sequence error rates unless ancient DNA extracts are treated with the USER enzymatic mix prior to library construction. While both approaches have recently gained popularity in ancient DNA research, the impact of USER‐treatment on capture efficacy still remains untested. In this study, we applied hyRAD capture to eight ancient equine subfossil specimens from France (1st–17th century CE), including horses, donkeys and their first‐generation mule hybrids. We found that USER‐treatment could reduce capture efficacy and introduce significant experimental bias. It differentially affected the size distribution of on‐target templates following capture with two distinct hyRAD probe sets in a manner that was not driven by differences in probe sizes and DNA methylation levels. Finally, we recovered unbalanced proportions of donkey‐specific and horse‐specific alleles in mule capture sequence data, due to the combined effects of USER‐treatment, probe sets and reference bias. Our work demonstrates that while USER‐treatment can improve the quality of ancient DNA sequence data, it can also significantly affect hyRAD capture outcomes, introducing bias in the sequence data that is difficult to predict based on simple molecular probe features. Such technical batch effects may prove easier to model and correct for using capture with synthetic probes of controlled sizes and diversity content.
    Keywords DNA ; DNA damage ; DNA methylation ; cytosine ; deamination ; ecology ; horses ; mules ; nucleotide sequences ; France
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-08
    Size p. 2262-2274.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2406816-0
    ISSN 1471-8286 ; 1755-098X
    ISSN (online) 1471-8286
    ISSN 1755-098X
    DOI 10.1111/1755-0998.13619
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  3. Article ; Online: Isotopic biographies reveal horse rearing and trading networks in medieval London.

    Pryor, Alexander J E / Ameen, Carly / Liddiard, Robert / Baker, Gary / Kanne, Katherine S / Milton, J Andy / Standish, Christopher D / Hambach, Bastian / Orlando, Ludovic / Chauvey, Lorelei / Schiavinato, Stephanie / Calvière-Tonasso, Laure / Tressières, Gaetan / Wagner, Stefanie / Southon, John / Shapiro, Beth / Pipe, Alan / Creighton, Oliver H / Outram, Alan K

    Science advances

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 12, Page(s) eadj5782

    Abstract: This paper reports a high-resolution isotopic study of medieval horse mobility, revealing their origins and in-life mobility both regionally and internationally. The animals were found in an unusual horse cemetery site found within the City of ... ...

    Abstract This paper reports a high-resolution isotopic study of medieval horse mobility, revealing their origins and in-life mobility both regionally and internationally. The animals were found in an unusual horse cemetery site found within the City of Westminster, London, England. Enamel strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope analysis of 15 individuals provides information about likely place of birth, diet, and mobility during the first approximately 5 years of life. Results show that at least seven horses originated outside of Britain in relatively cold climates, potentially in Scandinavia or the Western Alps. Ancient DNA sexing data indicate no consistent sex-specific mobility patterning, although three of the five females came from exceptionally highly radiogenic regions. Another female with low mobility is suggested to be a sedentary broodmare. Our results provide direct and unprecedented evidence for a variety of horse movement and trading practices in the Middle Ages and highlight the importance of international trade in securing high-quality horses for medieval London elites.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Horses ; Animals ; London ; Commerce ; Bone and Bones/chemistry ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Strontium Isotopes/analysis ; Internationality
    Chemical Substances Oxygen Isotopes ; Strontium Isotopes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adj5782
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Assessing the impact of USER-treatment on hyRAD capture applied to ancient DNA.

    Suchan, Tomasz / Chauvey, Lorelei / Poullet, Marine / Tonasso-Calvière, Laure / Schiavinato, Stéphanie / Clavel, Pierre / Clavel, Benoit / Lepetz, Sébastien / Seguin-Orlando, Andaine / Orlando, Ludovic

    Molecular ecology resources

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 6, Page(s) 2262–2274

    Abstract: Ancient DNA preservation in subfossil specimens provides a unique opportunity to retrieve genetic information from the past. As ancient DNA extracts are generally dominated by molecules originating from environmental microbes, capture techniques are ... ...

    Abstract Ancient DNA preservation in subfossil specimens provides a unique opportunity to retrieve genetic information from the past. As ancient DNA extracts are generally dominated by molecules originating from environmental microbes, capture techniques are often used to economically retrieve orthologous sequence data at the population scale. Post-mortem DNA damage, especially the deamination of cytosine residues into uracils, also considerably inflates sequence error rates unless ancient DNA extracts are treated with the USER enzymatic mix prior to library construction. While both approaches have recently gained popularity in ancient DNA research, the impact of USER-treatment on capture efficacy still remains untested. In this study, we applied hyRAD capture to eight ancient equine subfossil specimens from France (1st-17th century CE), including horses, donkeys and their first-generation mule hybrids. We found that USER-treatment could reduce capture efficacy and introduce significant experimental bias. It differentially affected the size distribution of on-target templates following capture with two distinct hyRAD probe sets in a manner that was not driven by differences in probe sizes and DNA methylation levels. Finally, we recovered unbalanced proportions of donkey-specific and horse-specific alleles in mule capture sequence data, due to the combined effects of USER-treatment, probe sets and reference bias. Our work demonstrates that while USER-treatment can improve the quality of ancient DNA sequence data, it can also significantly affect hyRAD capture outcomes, introducing bias in the sequence data that is difficult to predict based on simple molecular probe features. Such technical batch effects may prove easier to model and correct for using capture with synthetic probes of controlled sizes and diversity content.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cytosine ; DNA Damage ; DNA Methylation ; DNA, Ancient ; Equidae/genetics ; Horses/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
    Chemical Substances DNA, Ancient ; Cytosine (8J337D1HZY)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2406833-0
    ISSN 1755-0998 ; 1755-098X
    ISSN (online) 1755-0998
    ISSN 1755-098X
    DOI 10.1111/1755-0998.13619
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Interdisciplinary evidence for early domestic horse exploitation in southern Patagonia.

    Taylor, William Timothy Treal / Belardi, Juan Bautista / Barberena, Ramiro / Coltrain, Joan Brenner / Marina, Flavia Carballo / Borrero, Luis Alberto / Conver, Joshua L / Hodgins, Gregory / Admiraal, Marjolein / Craig, Oliver Edward / Lucquin, Alexandre / Talbot, Helen Marie / Lundy, Jasmine / Liu, Xuexue / Chauvey, Lorelei / Schiavinato, Stéphanie / Seguin-Orlando, Andaine / Le Roux, Petrus / Lucas, Mary /
    Orlando, Ludovic / Roberts, Patrick / Jones, Emily Lena

    Science advances

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 49, Page(s) eadk5201

    Abstract: The introduction of domestic horses transformed Indigenous societies across the grasslands of Argentina, leading to the emergence of specialized horse cultures across the Southern Cone. However, the dynamics of this introduction are poorly chronicled by ... ...

    Abstract The introduction of domestic horses transformed Indigenous societies across the grasslands of Argentina, leading to the emergence of specialized horse cultures across the Southern Cone. However, the dynamics of this introduction are poorly chronicled by historic records. Here, we apply archaeozoological and biomolecular techniques to horse remains from the site of Chorrillo Grande 1 in southern Argentina. Osteological and taphonomic analyses suggest that horses were pastorally managed and used for food by Aónikenk/Tehuelche hunter-gatherers before the onset of permanent European settlement, as early as the mid-17th century. DNA-based sex identifications suggest consumption of both male and female horses, while ceramic residue also shows use of guanaco products. Sequential isotope analyses on horse dentition reveal an origin in southern Patagonia and movement of these animals between the Río Coig and Río Gallegos basins. These results reinforce emerging evidence for rapid Indigenous-mediated dispersal of horses in the Americas and demonstrate that horses catalyzed rapid economic and social transformations.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Horses ; Male ; Female ; Argentina ; Food
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adk5201
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: DNA methylation-based profiling of horse archaeological remains for age-at-death and castration.

    Liu, Xuexue / Seguin-Orlando, Andaine / Chauvey, Lorelei / Tressières, Gaëtan / Schiavinato, Stéphanie / Tonasso-Calvière, Laure / Aury, Jean-Marc / Perdereau, Aude / Wagner, Stefanie / Clavel, Pierre / Estrada, Oscar / Pan, Jianfei / Ma, Yuehui / Enk, Jacob / Devault, Alison / Klunk, Jennifer / Lepetz, Sébastien / Clavel, Benoit / Jiang, Lin /
    Wincker, Patrick / Collin, Yvette Running Horse / Sarkissian, Clio Der / Orlando, Ludovic

    iScience

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 106144

    Abstract: Age profiling of archaeological bone assemblages can inform on past animal management practices, but is limited by the fragmentary nature of the fossil record and the lack of universal skeletal markers for age. DNA methylation clocks offer new, albeit ... ...

    Abstract Age profiling of archaeological bone assemblages can inform on past animal management practices, but is limited by the fragmentary nature of the fossil record and the lack of universal skeletal markers for age. DNA methylation clocks offer new, albeit challenging, alternatives for estimating the age-at-death of ancient individuals. Here, we take advantage of the availability of a DNA methylation clock based on 31,836 CpG sites and dental age markers in horses to assess age predictions in 84 ancient remains. We evaluate our approach using whole-genome sequencing data and develop a capture assay providing reliable estimates for only a fraction of the cost. We also leverage DNA methylation patterns to assess castration practice in the past. Our work opens for a deeper characterization of past husbandry and ritual practices and holds the potential to reveal age mortality profiles in ancient societies, once extended to human remains.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106144
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Improving the extraction of ancient

    Clavel, Pierre / Louis, Lexane / Sarkissian, Clio Der / Thèves, Catherine / Gillet, Claudia / Chauvey, Lorelei / Tressières, Gaétan / Schiavinato, Stéphanie / Calvière-Tonasso, Laure / Telmon, Norbert / Clavel, Benoît / Jonvel, Richard / Tzortzis, Stéfan / Bouniol, Laetitia / Fémolant, Jean-Marc / Klunk, Jennifer / Poinar, Hendrik / Signoli, Michel / Costedoat, Caroline /
    Spyrou, Maria A / Seguin-Orlando, Andaine / Orlando, Ludovic

    iScience

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 106787

    Abstract: Ancient DNA preserved in the dental pulp offers the opportunity to characterize the genome of some of the deadliest pathogens in human history. However, while DNA capture technologies help, focus sequencing efforts, and therefore, reduce experimental ... ...

    Abstract Ancient DNA preserved in the dental pulp offers the opportunity to characterize the genome of some of the deadliest pathogens in human history. However, while DNA capture technologies help, focus sequencing efforts, and therefore, reduce experimental costs, the recovery of ancient pathogen DNA remains challenging. Here, we tracked the kinetics of ancient
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106787
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Assessing the predictive taxonomic power of the bony labyrinth 3D shape in horses, donkeys and their F1-hybrids

    Clavel, Pierre / Dumoncel, Jean / Der Sarkissian, Clio / Seguin-Orlando, Andaine / Calvière-Tonasso, Laure / Schiavinato, Stephanie / Chauvey, Lorelei / Perdereau, Aude / Aury, Jean-Marc / Wincker, Patrick / Onar, Vedat / Clavel, Benoît / Lepetz, Sébastien / Braga, José / Orlando, Ludovic

    Journal of archaeological science. 2021 July, v. 131

    2021  

    Abstract: Horses and donkeys have had a far-reaching impact on human history, providing mechanical power for agriculture and transportation. Their F1-hybrids, especially mules, have also been of considerable importance due to their exceptional strength, endurance ... ...

    Abstract Horses and donkeys have had a far-reaching impact on human history, providing mechanical power for agriculture and transportation. Their F1-hybrids, especially mules, have also been of considerable importance due to their exceptional strength, endurance and resistance. The reconstruction of the respective role that horses, donkeys and mules played in past societies requires prior identification of their osseous elements in archaeological assemblages. This, however, remains difficult on the basis of morphological data alone and in the absence of complete skeletal elements. While DNA sequencing provides almost certain identification success, this approach requires dedicated infrastructure and sufficient ancient DNA (aDNA) preservation. Here, we assessed the performance of a cost-effective alternative approach based on geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis of the bony labyrinth, a structure carried within the petrosal bone. This extremely compact osseous structure provides good aDNA preservation and is frequently found in archaeological assemblages. To assess the GMM performance, we first used High-throughput DNA sequencing to identify 41 horses, 24 donkeys, 36 mules and one hinny from 11 archaeological sites from France and Turkey spanning different time periods. This provided a panel of 102 ancient equine remains for micro-computed tomography (microCT) and GMM assessment of the variation of the bony labyrinth shape, including the cochlea and the semicircular canals. Our new method shows good-to-excellent prediction rates (85.7%–95.2%) for the identification of species and hybrids when considering the cochlea and semicircular canals together. It provides a cheap, non-destructive alternative to aDNA for the taxonomic identification of past equine assemblages.
    Keywords DNA ; archaeology ; cost effectiveness ; geometry ; hinnies ; horses ; infrastructure ; micro-computed tomography ; morphometry ; prediction ; species identification ; transportation ; France
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-07
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 1468969-8
    ISSN 0305-4403
    ISSN 0305-4403
    DOI 10.1016/j.jas.2021.105383
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: Performance and automation of ancient DNA capture with RNA hyRAD probes

    Suchan, Tomasz / Kusliy, Mariya A. / Khan, Naveed / Chauvey, Loreleï / Tonasso‐Calvière, Laure / Schiavinato, Stéphanie / Southon, John / Keller, Marcel / Kitagawa, Keiko / Krause, Johannes / Bessudnov, Alexander N. / Bessudnov, Alexander A. / Graphodatsky, Alexander S. / Valenzuela‐Lamas, Silvia / Wilczyński, Jarosław / Pospuła, Sylwia / Tunia, Krzysztof / Nowak, Marek / Moskal‐delHoyo, Magdalena /
    Tishkin, Alexey A. / Pryor, Alexander J. E. / Outram, Alan K. / Orlando, Ludovic

    Molecular ecology resources. 2022 Apr., v. 22, no. 3

    2022  

    Abstract: DNA hybridization‐capture techniques allow researchers to focus their sequencing efforts on preselected genomic regions. This feature is especially useful when analysing ancient DNA (aDNA) extracts, which are often dominated by exogenous environmental ... ...

    Abstract DNA hybridization‐capture techniques allow researchers to focus their sequencing efforts on preselected genomic regions. This feature is especially useful when analysing ancient DNA (aDNA) extracts, which are often dominated by exogenous environmental sources. Here, we assessed, for the first time, the performance of hyRAD as an inexpensive and design‐free alternative to commercial capture protocols to obtain authentic aDNA data from osseous remains. HyRAD relies on double enzymatic restriction of fresh DNA extracts to produce RNA probes that cover only a fraction of the genome and can serve as baits for capturing homologous fragments from aDNA libraries. We found that this approach could retrieve sequence data from horse remains coming from a range of preservation environments, including beyond radiocarbon range, yielding up to 146.5‐fold on‐target enrichment for aDNA extracts showing extremely low endogenous content (<1%). Performance was, however, more limited for those samples already characterized by good DNA preservation (>20%–30%), while the fraction of endogenous reads mapping on‐ and off‐target was relatively insensitive to the original endogenous DNA content. Procedures based on two instead of a single round of capture increased on‐target coverage up to 3.6‐fold. Additionally, we used methylation‐sensitive restriction enzymes to produce probes targeting hypomethylated regions, which improved data quality by reducing post‐mortem DNA damage and mapping within multicopy regions. Finally, we developed a fully automated hyRAD protocol utilizing inexpensive robotic platforms to facilitate capture processing. Overall, our work establishes hyRAD as a cost‐effective strategy to recover a set of shared orthologous variants across multiple ancient samples.
    Keywords DNA ; DNA damage ; RNA ; automation ; carbon radioisotopes ; cost effectiveness ; data quality ; ecology ; genome ; genomics ; horses ; robots
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-04
    Size p. 891-907.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2406816-0
    ISSN 1471-8286 ; 1755-098X
    ISSN (online) 1471-8286
    ISSN 1755-098X
    DOI 10.1111/1755-0998.13518
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Performance and automation of ancient DNA capture with RNA hyRAD probes.

    Suchan, Tomasz / Kusliy, Mariya A / Khan, Naveed / Chauvey, Loreleï / Tonasso-Calvière, Laure / Schiavinato, Stéphanie / Southon, John / Keller, Marcel / Kitagawa, Keiko / Krause, Johannes / Bessudnov, Alexander N / Bessudnov, Alexander A / Graphodatsky, Alexander S / Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia / Wilczyński, Jarosław / Pospuła, Sylwia / Tunia, Krzysztof / Nowak, Marek / Moskal-delHoyo, Magdalena /
    Tishkin, Alexey A / Pryor, Alexander J E / Outram, Alan K / Orlando, Ludovic

    Molecular ecology resources

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 891–907

    Abstract: DNA hybridization-capture techniques allow researchers to focus their sequencing efforts on preselected genomic regions. This feature is especially useful when analysing ancient DNA (aDNA) extracts, which are often dominated by exogenous environmental ... ...

    Abstract DNA hybridization-capture techniques allow researchers to focus their sequencing efforts on preselected genomic regions. This feature is especially useful when analysing ancient DNA (aDNA) extracts, which are often dominated by exogenous environmental sources. Here, we assessed, for the first time, the performance of hyRAD as an inexpensive and design-free alternative to commercial capture protocols to obtain authentic aDNA data from osseous remains. HyRAD relies on double enzymatic restriction of fresh DNA extracts to produce RNA probes that cover only a fraction of the genome and can serve as baits for capturing homologous fragments from aDNA libraries. We found that this approach could retrieve sequence data from horse remains coming from a range of preservation environments, including beyond radiocarbon range, yielding up to 146.5-fold on-target enrichment for aDNA extracts showing extremely low endogenous content (<1%). Performance was, however, more limited for those samples already characterized by good DNA preservation (>20%-30%), while the fraction of endogenous reads mapping on- and off-target was relatively insensitive to the original endogenous DNA content. Procedures based on two instead of a single round of capture increased on-target coverage up to 3.6-fold. Additionally, we used methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes to produce probes targeting hypomethylated regions, which improved data quality by reducing post-mortem DNA damage and mapping within multicopy regions. Finally, we developed a fully automated hyRAD protocol utilizing inexpensive robotic platforms to facilitate capture processing. Overall, our work establishes hyRAD as a cost-effective strategy to recover a set of shared orthologous variants across multiple ancient samples.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Automation ; DNA, Ancient ; Horses/genetics ; RNA/genetics ; RNA Probes ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
    Chemical Substances DNA, Ancient ; RNA Probes ; RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2406833-0
    ISSN 1755-0998 ; 1755-098X
    ISSN (online) 1755-0998
    ISSN 1755-098X
    DOI 10.1111/1755-0998.13518
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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