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Article ; Online: Concentrations, compositional profiles, and health risks of benzophenones among the Taiwanese population based on analysis of 23 daily consumed foods.

Chen, Hsin-Chang / Huang, Yu-Fang / Wu, Chen-Ting

2024 Volume 470, Page(s) 134077

Abstract: In this study, we analyzed the occurrence and distribution of 11 benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters (BPs) in 893 food samples spanning 7 food categories in Taiwan. We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic ...

Abstract	In this study, we analyzed the occurrence and distribution of 11 benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters (BPs) in 893 food samples spanning 7 food categories in Taiwan. We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks of BPs. The results indicated that cornflakes had the highest mean level of BPs (103 ng/g), followed by bread (101 ng/g) and pastries (59 ng/g). BP was the most prevalent category, followed by 4-methylbenzophenone (4-MBP), 2-hydroxybenzophenone, and benzophenone-3. Estimation of the lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) of BP (average life expectancy of 80 years) placed them in the 50th and 97.5th percentiles [P50 (P97.5)] LTCR of 1.9 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Benzophenones/analysis ; Benzophenones/toxicity ; Taiwan ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Sunscreening Agents/analysis ; Sunscreening Agents/toxicity ; Monte Carlo Method ; Food Analysis
Chemical Substances	Benzophenones ; Sunscreening Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1491302-1
ISSN	1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
ISSN (online)	1873-3336
ISSN	0304-3894
DOI	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134077
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Article ; Online: Dietary risk assessment of benzophenone derivatives using bread consumption estimates in a Taiwanese population.

Chen, Hsin-Chang / Tsai, Chung-Jung / Huang, Yu-Fang / Wu, Chen-Ting

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 30, Issue 46, Page(s) 102323–102334

Abstract: Listed as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, benzophenone (BP) and its nine analogues (BPs) are an emerging group of contaminants. The migration of BPs from ultraviolet inks to food has been investigated in many studies; however, few studies have ... ...

Abstract	Listed as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, benzophenone (BP) and its nine analogues (BPs) are an emerging group of contaminants. The migration of BPs from ultraviolet inks to food has been investigated in many studies; however, few studies have investigated BPs in foods and the risks of human exposure to BPs. We validated a trace and multi-residue method for simultaneously determining 10 BPs, including BP, BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-8, 4-MBP, 2-OHBP, 4-OHBP, M2BB, and PBZ. Eighty-one bread samples were analyzed using stable isotope labeling and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with solid-liquid extraction. We determined the estimated daily intake of BPs, non-cancer risks, and lifetime cancer risks (LTCRs) from daily bread consumption for seven age groups using a Monte Carlo simulation. The method demonstrated robust linearity (R
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bread/analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Risk Assessment ; Benzophenones/analysis
Chemical Substances	benzophenone (701M4TTV9O) ; Benzophenones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-29493-7
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Article ; Online: Determining the trace-level photoinitiators in juices and milk from various types of packages in Taiwan by a micro-QuEChERS-based UPLC-MS/MS.

Chen, Hsin-Chang / Huang, Yu-Fang / Hsieh, Chia-Sheng / Liu, Yan-Jun

Food chemistry

2022 Volume 388, Page(s) 132929

Abstract: The distribution of 16 photoinitiators (PIs)-benzophenone (BP) and its five derivatives, 4-methylbenzophenone (4-MBP), methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate (M2BB), 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB), and the other 7 PIs-in packaged juice and milk was ... ...

Abstract	The distribution of 16 photoinitiators (PIs)-benzophenone (BP) and its five derivatives, 4-methylbenzophenone (4-MBP), methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate (M2BB), 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB), and the other 7 PIs-in packaged juice and milk was assessed using an UPLC-MS/MS with micro-QuEChERS. The validated method demonstrated robust linearity (≥0.9908), LOQs (juice: 0.006-7.26 ng/mL; milk: 0.004-7.14 ng/mL), intra- and inter-day accuracy (93.1%-110.1% for juice and 66.8%-114.6% for milk with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of ≤16.8%), and matrix effect with RSDs of ≤14.8%. BP exceeded the LOQ in 100% of 136 packaged juice (14.22 ± 7.60 ng/mL) and 51 milk (8.45 ± 3.25 ng/mL) samples, and the quantitation rates for M2BB and EHDAB in packaged juice were 100%. Notably, the 4-MBP in both juice and milk was significantly related to the packaging material. The method has been successfully applied to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of PIs in packaged juice and milk.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Milk ; Taiwan ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132929
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Article: Fish consumption is an indicator of exposure to benzophenone derivatives: A probabilistic risk assessment in Taiwanese population

Huang, Yu-Fang / Chang, Jui-Pin / Chen, Hsin-Chang / Liu, Xuan-Rui

Science of the total environment. 2022 Mar. 15, v. 812

2022

Abstract: Benzophenone (BP) derivatives (BPs) ultraviolet filters are used in industrial and commercial products and have been reported to be toxic. Studies have investigated the ecological risks but not the human exposure risks of BPs. Residues of 10 BPs (BP, BP- ... ...

Abstract	Benzophenone (BP) derivatives (BPs) ultraviolet filters are used in industrial and commercial products and have been reported to be toxic. Studies have investigated the ecological risks but not the human exposure risks of BPs. Residues of 10 BPs (BP, BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-8, 2-OHBP, 4-OHBP, 4-MBP, M2BB, and PBZ) were measured in 110 commercial samples of saltwater fish (SF) and freshwater fish (FF) from Taiwan. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and noncarcinogenic risks (as hazard quotients [HQs] and hazard indices [HIs]) were predicted for eight age groups by using Monte Carlo simulation, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the factors influencing risks. The carcinogenic risk of exposure to BP was estimated using lifetime cancer risk (LTCR). The results revealed that seven BPs (BP, BP-3, 2-OHBP, 4-OHBP, 4-MBP, PBZ, and M2BB) were ubiquitous in the fish samples. The mean sums of the content of these seven BPs in FF and SF were 46.4 ng/g and 25.0 ng/g, respectively. Infants (age 0–3 years) exhibited the highest HI of BPs (1.6E–2) and LTCR of BP (2.8E–7) among all age groups. The HQs and HIs of all BPs were less than 1 and the LTCR for BP was lower than the acceptable range (10⁻⁴ to10⁻⁶) in all age groups, suggesting that BPs intake through fish consumption is not a health concern for Taiwanese people. The results of the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the amount of SF consumed and 2-OHBP levels exerted the greatest effect on risk. Considering the relatively higher risk of fish consumption and concerns that ultraviolet filters are endocrine disruptors, the potential health risks of BPs intake for infants deserves further attention.
Keywords	Monte Carlo method ; benzophenones ; carcinogenicity ; environment ; fish consumption ; freshwater fish ; humans ; marine fish ; people ; probabilistic risk assessment ; risk ; Taiwan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0315
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152421
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Article: Determining the trace-level photoinitiators in juices and milk from various types of packages in Taiwan by a micro-QuEChERS-based UPLC-MS/MS

Chen, Hsin-Chang / Huang, Yu-Fang / Hsieh, Chia-Sheng / Liu, Yan-Jun

Food chemistry. 2022 Sept. 15, v. 388

2022

Abstract: The distribution of 16 photoinitiators (PIs)—benzophenone (BP) and its five derivatives, 4-methylbenzophenone (4-MBP), methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate (M2BB), 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB), and the other 7 PIs—in packaged juice and milk was ... ...

Abstract	The distribution of 16 photoinitiators (PIs)—benzophenone (BP) and its five derivatives, 4-methylbenzophenone (4-MBP), methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate (M2BB), 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB), and the other 7 PIs—in packaged juice and milk was assessed using an UPLC-MS/MS with micro-QuEChERS. The validated method demonstrated robust linearity (≥0.9908), LOQs (juice: 0.006–7.26 ng/mL; milk: 0.004–7.14 ng/mL), intra- and inter-day accuracy (93.1%–110.1% for juice and 66.8%–114.6% for milk with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of ≤16.8%), and matrix effect with RSDs of ≤14.8%. BP exceeded the LOQ in 100% of 136 packaged juice (14.22 ± 7.60 ng/mL) and 51 milk (8.45 ± 3.25 ng/mL) samples, and the quantitation rates for M2BB and EHDAB in packaged juice were 100%. Notably, the 4-MBP in both juice and milk was significantly related to the packaging material. The method has been successfully applied to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of PIs in packaged juice and milk.
Keywords	food chemistry ; juices ; milk ; Taiwan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0915
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132929
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Article ; Online: Fish consumption is an indicator of exposure to benzophenone derivatives: A probabilistic risk assessment in Taiwanese population.

Huang, Yu-Fang / Chang, Jui-Pin / Chen, Hsin-Chang / Liu, Xuan-Rui

The Science of the total environment

2021 Volume 812, Page(s) 152421

Abstract	Benzophenone (BP) derivatives (BPs) ultraviolet filters are used in industrial and commercial products and have been reported to be toxic. Studies have investigated the ecological risks but not the human exposure risks of BPs. Residues of 10 BPs (BP, BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-8, 2-OHBP, 4-OHBP, 4-MBP, M2BB, and PBZ) were measured in 110 commercial samples of saltwater fish (SF) and freshwater fish (FF) from Taiwan. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and noncarcinogenic risks (as hazard quotients [HQs] and hazard indices [HIs]) were predicted for eight age groups by using Monte Carlo simulation, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the factors influencing risks. The carcinogenic risk of exposure to BP was estimated using lifetime cancer risk (LTCR). The results revealed that seven BPs (BP, BP-3, 2-OHBP, 4-OHBP, 4-MBP, PBZ, and M2BB) were ubiquitous in the fish samples. The mean sums of the content of these seven BPs in FF and SF were 46.4 ng/g and 25.0 ng/g, respectively. Infants (age 0-3 years) exhibited the highest HI of BPs (1.6E-2) and LTCR of BP (2.8E-7) among all age groups. The HQs and HIs of all BPs were less than 1 and the LTCR for BP was lower than the acceptable range (10
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Benzophenones/analysis ; Child, Preschool ; Endocrine Disruptors ; Fishes ; Fresh Water ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Risk Assessment
Chemical Substances	Benzophenones ; Endocrine Disruptors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152421
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Article ; Online: Simultaneous trace analysis of 10 benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters in fish through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Huang, Yu-Fang / Chang, Jui-Pin / Chen, Hsin-Chang / Huang, Yi-Ming

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2021 Volume 286, Page(s) 117306

Abstract: We developed and validated a trace analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 10 benzophenone (BP)-type ultraviolet filters (BPs; BP, BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-8, 2-hydroxybenzophenone [2-OHBP], 4-hydroxybenzophenone [4-OHBP], 4- ... ...

Abstract	We developed and validated a trace analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 10 benzophenone (BP)-type ultraviolet filters (BPs; BP, BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-8, 2-hydroxybenzophenone [2-OHBP], 4-hydroxybenzophenone [4-OHBP], 4-methylbenzophenone [4-MBP], methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate [M2BB], and 4-benzoylbiphenyl [PBZ]) to analyze BPs in 110 commercial fish samples. The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) technique coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was employed. The developed method exhibited satisfactory linearity (R
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Benzophenones/analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Benzophenones
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117306
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Article ; Online: Determination of Parabens, Bisphenol A and Its Analogs, Triclosan, and Benzophenone-3 Levels in Human Urine by Isotope-Dilution-UPLC-MS/MS Method Followed by Supported Liquid Extraction.

Chen, Hsin-Chang / Chang, Jung-Wei / Sun, Yi-Chen / Chang, Wan-Ting / Huang, Po-Chin

Toxics

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: The development of a rapid analytical approach for determining levels of antibacterial agents, plasticizers, and ultraviolet filters in biosamples is crucial for individual exposure assessment. We developed an analytical method to determine the levels of ...

Abstract	The development of a rapid analytical approach for determining levels of antibacterial agents, plasticizers, and ultraviolet filters in biosamples is crucial for individual exposure assessment. We developed an analytical method to determine the levels of four parabens-bisphenols A (BPA) and its analogs, triclosan (TCS), triclocarban, and benzophenone-3 (BP-3)-in human urine. We further measured the levels of these chemicals in children and adolescents. We used a supported liquid extraction (SLE) technique coupled with an isotope-dilution ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-UPLC-MS/MS) method to assess the detection performance for these chemicals. Forty-one urine samples from 13 children and 28 adolescents were assessed to demonstrate the capability and feasibility of our method. An acceptable recovery (75.6-102.4%) and matrix effect (precision < 14.2%) in the three-level spiked artificial urine samples were achieved, and good performance of the validated ID-UPLC-MS/MS method regarding linearity, limits of detection, and quantitation was achieved. The within-run and between-run accuracy and precision also demonstrated the sensitivity and stability of this analytical method, applied after SLE. We concluded that the ID-UPLC-MS/MS method with SLE pretreatment is a valuable analytical method for the investigation of urinary antibacterial agents, plasticizers, and ultraviolet filters in humans, useful for human biomonitoring.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2733883-6
ISSN	2305-6304 ; 2305-6304
ISSN (online)	2305-6304
ISSN	2305-6304
DOI	10.3390/toxics10010021
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Article: Cumulative Dietary Risk Assessment of Benzophenone-Type Photoinitiators from Packaged Foodstuffs.

Chen, Mei-Lien / Chen, Chih-Hsien / Huang, Yu-Fang / Chen, Hsin-Chang / Chang, Jung-Wei

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 2

Abstract: Photoinitiators used in ultraviolet-cured ink may migrate from food packaging materials into food products. Therefore, we conducted a dietary risk assessment of exposure to benzophenone (BP)-type photoinitiators by quantifying and reducing uncertainties ... ...

Abstract	Photoinitiators used in ultraviolet-cured ink may migrate from food packaging materials into food products. Therefore, we conducted a dietary risk assessment of exposure to benzophenone (BP)-type photoinitiators by quantifying and reducing uncertainties associated with the risk characterization. A total of 362 food packaging samples including 180 cereals, 136 fruit and vegetable juices, and 46 milk samples were subjected to fast pesticides extraction to determine photoinitiator residues. The average daily dose (ADD) of BP was the highest in the age group of zero to three years, with a P97.5 ADD of 2.56 × 10
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods11020152
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Article ; Online: Associations between paraben exposure, thyroid capacity, homeostasis and pituitary thyrotropic function in the general Taiwanese: Taiwan Environmental Survey for Toxicants (TEST) 2013.

Huang, Po-Chin / Chen, Hsin-Chang / Leung, Shih-Hao / Lin, Yu-Jung / Huang, Han-Bin / Chang, Wan-Ting / Huang, Hsin-I / Chang, Jung-Wei

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 1288–1303

Abstract: Several studies have suggested that some endocrine disruptors such as synthetic phenols, parabens and phthalates may disrupt thyroid hormone signaling and associated negative feed-backs with the central hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. ... ...

Abstract	Several studies have suggested that some endocrine disruptors such as synthetic phenols, parabens and phthalates may disrupt thyroid hormone signaling and associated negative feed-backs with the central hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Therefore, we investigated urinary paraben and blood thyroid hormone levels in the Taiwanese population. Our sample comprised 264 adults (aged 18-97 years) and 75 minors (aged 7-17 years) from Taiwan Environmental Survey for Toxicants 2013. Urinary levels of methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), and butylparaben (BuP) were assessed. Hormones of particular interest include: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Thyroid Gland/chemistry ; Parabens/analysis ; Taiwan ; Thyroid Hormones ; Thyrotropin ; Hazardous Substances ; Homeostasis ; Environmental Exposure/analysis
Chemical Substances	butylparaben (3QPI1U3FV8) ; ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (14255EXE39) ; methylparaben (A2I8C7HI9T) ; propylparaben (Z8IX2SC1OH) ; Parabens ; Thyroid Hormones ; Thyrotropin (9002-71-5) ; Hazardous Substances
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-31277-y
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