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Article ; Online: A review of the functional activities of chia seed and the mechanisms of action related to molecular targets.

Chen, Jinghui / Wu, Gangcheng / Zhu, Ling / Karrar, Emad / Zhang, Hui

2024 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 1158–1169

Abstract: In recent years, as a functional potential pseudocereal, chia seed ( ...

Abstract	In recent years, as a functional potential pseudocereal, chia seed (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Obesity/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Seeds/chemistry ; Salvia/chemistry ; Salvia hispanica
Chemical Substances	Salvia hispanica seed extract ; Plant Extracts ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2612033-1
ISSN	2042-650X ; 2042-6496
ISSN (online)	2042-650X
ISSN	2042-6496
DOI	10.1039/d3fo02197a
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Book ; Online: On the Vulnerability of Backdoor Defenses for Federated Learning

Fang, Pei / Chen, Jinghui

2023

Abstract: Federated Learning (FL) is a popular distributed machine learning paradigm that enables jointly training a global model without sharing clients' data. However, its repetitive server-client communication gives room for backdoor attacks with aim to mislead ...

Abstract	Federated Learning (FL) is a popular distributed machine learning paradigm that enables jointly training a global model without sharing clients' data. However, its repetitive server-client communication gives room for backdoor attacks with aim to mislead the global model into a targeted misprediction when a specific trigger pattern is presented. In response to such backdoor threats on federated learning, various defense measures have been proposed. In this paper, we study whether the current defense mechanisms truly neutralize the backdoor threats from federated learning in a practical setting by proposing a new federated backdoor attack method for possible countermeasures. Different from traditional training (on triggered data) and rescaling (the malicious client model) based backdoor injection, the proposed backdoor attack framework (1) directly modifies (a small proportion of) local model weights to inject the backdoor trigger via sign flips; (2) jointly optimize the trigger pattern with the client model, thus is more persistent and stealthy for circumventing existing defenses. In a case study, we examine the strength and weaknesses of recent federated backdoor defenses from three major categories and provide suggestions to the practitioners when training federated models in practice. Comment: Accepted by AAAI 2023 (15 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables)
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-01-19
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of postoperative analgesia in children following ropivacaine and lidocaine surgical field infiltration with epinephrine for cleft palate repair: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial.

Yu, Gaofeng / Jin, Shangyi / Chen, Jinghui / Xie, Haihang / Jin, Saifen / Chen, Yiyang / Song, Xingrong

Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery

2024 Volume 125, Issue 5, Page(s) 101762

Abstract: Study objective: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ropivacaine in providing postoperative analgesia for children undergoing cleft palate repair.: Methods: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted on sixty-four children ... ...

Abstract	Study objective: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ropivacaine in providing postoperative analgesia for children undergoing cleft palate repair. Methods: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted on sixty-four children scheduled for cleft palate repair. The patients received either local infiltration with 1% lidocaine or 0.2% ropivacaine before incision. The primary outcome was the postoperative average pain score, and secondary outcomes included pain scores at various time points, consumption of flurbiprofen and hydromorphone, effectiveness of nurse-controlled analgesia pump, and incidence of bradycardia, vomiting, and respiratory depression. Main results: The results showed that the postoperative average pain score was significantly lower in the ropivacaine group compared to the lidocaine group (1.27±0.28 vs. 1.75±0.29, P<0.001). Pain scores at multiple postoperative time points were also lower in the ropivac:aine group. Additionally, consumption of flurbiprofen and hydromorphone was lower, and ineffective compressions of the nurse-controlled analgesia pump were reduced in the ropivacaine group. The incidence of vomiting, bradycardia, and respiratory depression did not show significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Local infiltration with ropivacaine effectively provided postoperative analgesia for children undergoing cleft palate repair without major side effects. It was found to be superior to lidocaine in reducing the need for additional rescue analgesia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-11
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2916276-2
ISSN	2468-7855 ; 2468-8509
ISSN (online)	2468-7855
ISSN	2468-8509
DOI	10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101762
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Book ; Online: One-shot Neural Backdoor Erasing via Adversarial Weight Masking

Chai, Shuwen / Chen, Jinghui

2022

Abstract: Recent studies show that despite achieving high accuracy on a number of real-world applications, deep neural networks (DNNs) can be backdoored: by injecting triggered data samples into the training dataset, the adversary can mislead the trained model ... ...

Abstract	Recent studies show that despite achieving high accuracy on a number of real-world applications, deep neural networks (DNNs) can be backdoored: by injecting triggered data samples into the training dataset, the adversary can mislead the trained model into classifying any test data to the target class as long as the trigger pattern is presented. To nullify such backdoor threats, various methods have been proposed. Particularly, a line of research aims to purify the potentially compromised model. However, one major limitation of this line of work is the requirement to access sufficient original training data: the purifying performance is a lot worse when the available training data is limited. In this work, we propose Adversarial Weight Masking (AWM), a novel method capable of erasing the neural backdoors even in the one-shot setting. The key idea behind our method is to formulate this into a min-max optimization problem: first, adversarially recover the trigger patterns and then (soft) mask the network weights that are sensitive to the recovered patterns. Comprehensive evaluations of several benchmark datasets suggest that AWM can largely improve the purifying effects over other state-of-the-art methods on various available training dataset sizes. Comment: Accepted by NeurIPS 2022 (19 pages, 6 figures, 10 tables)
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2022-07-10
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Anaesthesia of a parturient with uncorrected pentalogy of Fallot undergoing caesarean section and postpartum sterilisation.

Leong, Rachel Wei-Li / Chen, Jinghui / Mathews, Abey Matthew Varughese / Kothandan, Harikrishnan

BMJ case reports

2023 Volume 16, Issue 10

Abstract: Pentalogy of Fallot is a rare congenital cyanotic heart disease; few patients with uncorrected disease survive to childbearing age. Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy and delivery can lead to haemodynamic instability, while anaesthesia can cause ... ...

Abstract	Pentalogy of Fallot is a rare congenital cyanotic heart disease; few patients with uncorrected disease survive to childbearing age. Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy and delivery can lead to haemodynamic instability, while anaesthesia can cause right-to-left shunting and worsen hypoxaemia.We present the learning points from the anaesthetic management of an obstetric patient with uncorrected pentalogy of Fallot. We describe the successful application of general anaesthesia, choice of transoesophageal echocardiography for real-time haemodynamic monitoring and management, and the comprehensive multidisciplinary care of this high cardiovascular risk obstetric patient perioperatively. We also review the literature and discuss the anaesthetic management of patients with pentalogy of Fallot going for caesarean section.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Cesarean Section ; Tetralogy of Fallot/complications ; Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Anesthetics ; Anesthesia, Obstetrical ; Postpartum Period
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2022-251598
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Book ; Online: Defending Against Alignment-Breaking Attacks via Robustly Aligned LLM

Cao, Bochuan / Cao, Yuanpu / Lin, Lu / Chen, Jinghui

2023

Abstract: Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advancements and are now widely used across various domains. Unfortunately, there has been a rising concern that LLMs can be misused to generate harmful or malicious content. Though a line of ... ...

Abstract	Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advancements and are now widely used across various domains. Unfortunately, there has been a rising concern that LLMs can be misused to generate harmful or malicious content. Though a line of research has focused on aligning LLMs with human values and preventing them from producing inappropriate content, such alignments are usually vulnerable and can be bypassed by alignment-breaking attacks via adversarially optimized or handcrafted jailbreaking prompts. In this work, we introduce a Robustly Aligned LLM (RA-LLM) to defend against potential alignment-breaking attacks. RA-LLM can be directly constructed upon an existing aligned LLM with a robust alignment checking function, without requiring any expensive retraining or fine-tuning process of the original LLM. Furthermore, we also provide a theoretical analysis for RA-LLM to verify its effectiveness in defending against alignment-breaking attacks. Through real-world experiments on open-source large language models, we demonstrate that RA-LLM can successfully defend against both state-of-the-art adversarial prompts and popular handcrafted jailbreaking prompts by reducing their attack success rates from nearly 100% to around 10% or less. Comment: 16 Pages, 5 Figures, 6 Tables
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2023-09-17
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Stealthy and Persistent Unalignment on Large Language Models via Backdoor Injections

Cao, Yuanpu / Cao, Bochuan / Chen, Jinghui

2023

Abstract: Recent developments in Large Language Models (LLMs) have manifested significant advancements. To facilitate safeguards against malicious exploitation, a body of research has concentrated on aligning LLMs with human preferences and inhibiting their ... ...

Abstract	Recent developments in Large Language Models (LLMs) have manifested significant advancements. To facilitate safeguards against malicious exploitation, a body of research has concentrated on aligning LLMs with human preferences and inhibiting their generation of inappropriate content. Unfortunately, such alignments are often vulnerable: fine-tuning with a minimal amount of harmful data can easily unalign the target LLM. While being effective, such fine-tuning-based unalignment approaches also have their own limitations: (1) non-stealthiness, after fine-tuning, safety audits or red-teaming can easily expose the potential weaknesses of the unaligned models, thereby precluding their release/use. (2) non-persistence, the unaligned LLMs can be easily repaired through re-alignment, i.e., fine-tuning again with aligned data points. In this work, we show that it is possible to conduct stealthy and persistent unalignment on large language models via backdoor injections. We also provide a novel understanding on the relationship between the backdoor persistence and the activation pattern and further provide guidelines for potential trigger design. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed stealthy and persistent unalignment can successfully pass the safety evaluation while maintaining strong persistence against re-alignment defense.
Keywords	Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Computation and Language
Publishing date	2023-11-15
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to plain ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia during cesarean section: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial for ED

Mo, Xiaofei / Huang, Fa / Wu, Xiaoying / Feng, Jumian / Zeng, Jiequn / Chen, Jinghui

BMC anesthesiology

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 325

Abstract: Background: Intrathecal dexmedetomidine, as an adjuvant to local anesthetics, has been reported to improve the quality of spinal anesthesia and reduce the required local anesthetic dose. However, the optimal dosage regimen for intrathecal ... ...

Abstract	Background: Intrathecal dexmedetomidine, as an adjuvant to local anesthetics, has been reported to improve the quality of spinal anesthesia and reduce the required local anesthetic dose. However, the optimal dosage regimen for intrathecal dexmedetomidine combined with plain ropivacaine for cesarean section (CS) remains undetermined. The present study aimed to determine the median effective dose (ED Methods: Sixty parturients undergoing CS were randomly assigned to either group: plain ropivacaine 8 mg (Group Rop Results: The ED Conclusions: The present data suggested that the ED Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, identifier: ChiCTR2200055928.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Pregnancy ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Ropivacaine ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Dexmedetomidine ; Cesarean Section ; Prospective Studies ; Anesthetics, Local
Chemical Substances	Ropivacaine (7IO5LYA57N) ; Dexmedetomidine (67VB76HONO) ; Anesthetics, Local
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2091252-3
ISSN	1471-2253 ; 1471-2253
ISSN (online)	1471-2253
ISSN	1471-2253
DOI	10.1186/s12871-023-02275-x
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Article ; Online: Prophylactic Epidural Blood Patch or Prophylactic Epidural Infusion of Hydroxyethyl Starch in Preventing Post-Dural Puncture Headache - A Retrospective Study.

Fan, Yan-Ting / Zhao, Tian-Yun / Chen, Jing-Hui / Tang, Yan-Li / Song, Xing-Rong

Pain physician

2023 Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 485–493

Abstract: Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is particularly likely to happen in patients under obstetric care due to an unintentional dural puncture (UDP). There is as yet no ideal strategy for preventing UDP-induced PDPH.: Objectives: The ... ...

Abstract	Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is particularly likely to happen in patients under obstetric care due to an unintentional dural puncture (UDP). There is as yet no ideal strategy for preventing UDP-induced PDPH. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess whether a prophylactic epidural blood patch (EBP) or prophylactic epidural infusion of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is effective in preventing PDPH for parturients with UDP compared with conservative treatments. Study design: Retrospective analysis from a single center's inpatient data. Setting: Department of Anesthesiology at a single center. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of a single center's inpatient data from January 2017 through March 2020. The study included parturients with UDP during neuraxial anesthesia. The interventions of UDP included conservative treatment, prophylactic EBP, and prophylactic epidural infusion of HES. The incidence of PDPH, the use of intravenous aminophylline, therapeutic EBP, symptom onset, duration of headache, and duration of hospital stay were compared. Results: A total of 85 patients were analyzed. The incidences of PDPH were 84%, 52.6% and 54.5% with conservative, prophylactic EBP, and prophylactic epidural HES treatments, respectively. Compared with the conservative treatment, prophylactic EBP and prophylactic epidural HES treatment significantly reduced the incidence of PDPH (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the prophylactic EBP and prophylactic epidural HES groups. Compared with the conservative treatment group, therapeutic EBP was significantly less used in the prophylactic EBP and prophylactic epidural HES groups (P < 0.05). Prophylactic EBP shortened the length of hospital stay of parturients with UDP (P < 0.05) while prophylactic epidural HES showed no statistical difference compared with conservative treatment. No severe complications, such as central nervous system and puncture site infection or nerve injury, were found in those patients. Limitations: Retrospective nature and single center data with a relatively small sample size. Conclusions: Prophylactic management with EBP and epidural infusion of HES has an effect in preventing the occurrence of PDPH; prophylactic EBP significantly shortened hospital stay length in parturients with UDP. Key words: Unintentional dural puncture, epidural blood patch, hydroxyethyl starch, post-dural puncture headache, parturient.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Post-Dural Puncture Headache/prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Blood Patch, Epidural ; Starch ; Uridine Diphosphate
Chemical Substances	Starch (9005-25-8) ; Uridine Diphosphate (58-98-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2146393-1
ISSN	2150-1149 ; 1533-3159
ISSN (online)	2150-1149
ISSN	1533-3159
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Article: Finite Element Analysis and Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging for the Determination of Blueberry Bruise Grading.

Zheng, Zhaoqi / An, Zimin / Liu, Xinyu / Chen, Jinghui / Wang, Yonghong

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 13

Abstract: Bruising of the subcutaneous tissues of blueberries is an important form of mechanical damage. Different levels of bruising have a significant effect on the post-harvest marketing of blueberries. To distinguish different grades of blueberry bruises and ... ...

Abstract	Bruising of the subcutaneous tissues of blueberries is an important form of mechanical damage. Different levels of bruising have a significant effect on the post-harvest marketing of blueberries. To distinguish different grades of blueberry bruises and explore the effects of different factors, explicit dynamic simulation and near-infrared hyperspectral reflectance imaging were employed without harming the blueberries in this study. Based on the results of the compression experiment, an explicit dynamic simulation of blueberries was performed to measure the potential locations of bruises and preliminarily divide the bruise stages. A near-infrared hyperspectral reflectance imaging system was used to detect the actual blueberry bruises. According to the blueberry photos taken by the near-infrared hyperspectral reflectance imaging system, the actual bruise rates of blueberries were obtained by using the Environment for Visualizing Images software for training and classification. Bruise grades of blueberries were divided accordingly. Response surface methodology was used to determine the effects of ripeness, loading speed and loading location on the blueberry bruising rate. Under the optimized parameters, the actual damage rate of blueberries was 1.1%. The results provide an important theoretical basis for the accurate and rapid identification and classification of blueberry bruise damage.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods11131899
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