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Article ; Online: Acetic acid as a protic solvent for reducing sulphuric acid concentrations in the production of cellulose nanocrystals alongside transition metal co-catalysts.

Lim, Carine Shu Shien / Chan, Eric Wei Chiang / Wong, Chen Wai

International journal of biological macromolecules

2024 Volume 259, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 129303

Abstract: Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) conventionally involve highly concentrated sulphuric acid, which typically resulted in the formation of undesirable by-products. Although less corrosive mineral acids have been explored as alternatives, high concentrations ... ...

Abstract	Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) conventionally involve highly concentrated sulphuric acid, which typically resulted in the formation of undesirable by-products. Although less corrosive mineral acids have been explored as alternatives, high concentrations are still required. In this study, CNC was successfully isolated from Leucaena leucocephala wood using mild sulphuric acid with acetic acid as protic solvent, and it was further studied with the addition of Lewis acids in the form of multivalent transition metal salts as co-catalyst. Selected divalent and trivalent transition metal salts including (Cr(NO
MeSH term(s)	Cellulose/chemistry ; Solvents ; Acetic Acid ; Salts ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Sulfuric Acids/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Cellulose (9004-34-6) ; Solvents ; Acetic Acid (Q40Q9N063P) ; Salts ; sulfuric acid (O40UQP6WCF) ; Sulfuric Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129303
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Article ; Online: Effects of stand-alone polar residue on membrane protein stability and structure.

Chang, Yu-Chu / Cao, Zheng / Chen, Wai-Ting / Huang, Wei-Chun

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes

2024 Volume 1866, Issue 5, Page(s) 184325

Abstract: Helical membrane proteins generally have a hydrophobic nature, with apolar side chains comprising the majority of the transmembrane (TM) helices. However, whenever polar side chains are present in the TM domain, they often exert a crucial role in ... ...

Abstract	Helical membrane proteins generally have a hydrophobic nature, with apolar side chains comprising the majority of the transmembrane (TM) helices. However, whenever polar side chains are present in the TM domain, they often exert a crucial role in structural interactions with other polar residues, such as TM helix associations and oligomerization. Moreover, polar residues in the TM region also often participate in protein functions, such as the Schiff base bonding between Lys residues and retinal in rhodopsin-like membrane proteins. Although many studies have focused on these functional polar residues, our understanding of stand-alone polar residues that are energetically unfavored in TM helixes is limited. Here, we adopted bacteriorhodopsin (bR) as a model system and systematically mutated 17 of its apolar Leu or Phe residues to polar Asn. Stability measurements of the resulting mutants revealed that all of these polar substitutions reduced bR stability to various extents, and the extent of destabilization of each mutant bR is also correlated to different structural factors, such as the relative accessible surface area and membrane depth of the mutation site. Structural analyses of these Asn residues revealed that they form sidechain-to-backbone hydrogen bonds that alleviate the unfavorable energetics in hydrophobic and apolar surroundings. Our results indicate that membrane proteins are able to accommodate certain stand-alone polar residues in the TM region without disrupting overall structures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2642 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184325
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Article: Differences between DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 revisions of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A commentary on implications and opportunities.

Gomez, Rapson / Chen, Wai / Houghton, Stephen

World journal of psychiatry

2023 Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) 138–143

Abstract: Current ICD-11 descriptions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were recently published online, in the same year as the DSM-5-TR (text revised edition) was released. In this commentary, we compare and contrast the DSM-5/DSM-5-TR and ICD- ... ...

Abstract	Current ICD-11 descriptions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were recently published online, in the same year as the DSM-5-TR (text revised edition) was released. In this commentary, we compare and contrast the DSM-5/DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 diagnostic criteria, summarize important differences, and underscore their clinical and research implications. Overall, three major differences emerge: (1) The number of diagnostic criteria for inattention (IA), hyperactivity (HY) and impulsivity (IM) symptoms (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2220-3206
ISSN	2220-3206
DOI	10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.138
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Article ; Online: The NDIS at ten years: designing an equitable scheme for the next decade.

Hill, Nicole Tm / Chen, Wai / Downs, Jenny

The Medical journal of Australia

2023 Volume 220, Issue 1, Page(s) 54

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Disabled Persons ; Insurance, Disability
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-27
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	186082-3
ISSN	1326-5377 ; 0025-729X
ISSN (online)	1326-5377
ISSN	0025-729X
DOI	10.5694/mja2.52175
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Article ; Online: Sertraline-Induced Tics: A Case Report and Narrative Review.

Arasu, Ramesh / Badeshae, Semran / Furlong, Yulia / Chen, Wai

Journal of pharmacy practice

2022 Volume 36, Issue 6, Page(s) 1528–1531

Abstract: This brief report describes the case of a 16-year-old girl who was commenced on sertraline for anxiety and depression, and subsequently developed severe and debilitating motor tics. Cessation of sertraline was associated with the resolution of tics; ... ...

Abstract	This brief report describes the case of a 16-year-old girl who was commenced on sertraline for anxiety and depression, and subsequently developed severe and debilitating motor tics. Cessation of sertraline was associated with the resolution of tics; after this, paroxetine was trialled and well tolerated with good response of targeted symptoms and without re-emergence of tics. A narrative literature review yielded a retrospective observational study and eight single case reports on selective serotonin receptor inhibitor-induced motor tics (three in adolescents and five in adults). Tics are not commonly considered as a side-effect of SSRIs. This case report is novel is several aspects: the tics emergence was immediate whereas previous cases were delayed; the tics symptoms were measured and quantified by a validated scale; a dose-response relationship was observed; to our knowledge, our case was the first adolescent female reported; and finally, paroxetine was well-tolerated as a substitute, although it is unclear whether the observed tics-sparing effect is co-incidental, ideocratic or can be replicated.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Anxiety ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Paroxetine/therapeutic use ; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ; Sertraline/adverse effects ; Tics/chemically induced ; Tics/drug therapy ; Adult
Chemical Substances	Paroxetine (41VRH5220H) ; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ; Sertraline (QUC7NX6WMB)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1027474-1
ISSN	1531-1937 ; 0897-1900
ISSN (online)	1531-1937
ISSN	0897-1900
DOI	10.1177/08971900221118015
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Article: Inter-relationships between ADHD, ODD and impulsivity dimensions in emerging adults revealed by network analysis: extending the 'trait impulsivity hypothesis'.

Gomez, Rapson / Stavropoulos, Vasileios / Watson, Shaun / Brown, Taylor / Chen, Wai

Heliyon

2022 Volume 8, Issue 10, Page(s) e10712

Abstract: Background: The trait-impulsivity hypothesis posits impulsivity as the underlying substrate of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptom expressions. The current study applied network analysis to ... ...

Abstract	Background: The trait-impulsivity hypothesis posits impulsivity as the underlying substrate of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptom expressions. The current study applied network analysis to evaluate the inter-relationships of dimensions within ADHD (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) and ODD (anger/irritable, vindictiveness, and argumentative/defiant behavior) with components of impulsivity as captured by the UPPS-P model (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency). Method: A total of 324 emerging adults (women = 246) from the general community completed questionnaires covering these dimensions. Results: Our findings showed that the ADHD and ODD dimensions were associated differentially with different types of impulsivity, in their unique patterns of network connectivities, a possibility that has had little attention in the trait-impulsivity hypothesis literature. Conclusions: This study is the first to tease out the unique associations of the ADHD and ODD dimensions with different types of impulsivity, and in that way provide new contributions to our understanding of the existing trait impulsivity theory. Our findings would be especially relevant to those interested in understanding how different dimensions of trait impulsivity underly the ADHD and ODD dimensions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10712
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Article ; Online: The trajectory of maternal perinatal depressive symptoms predicts executive function in early childhood.

Power, Josephine / Watson, Stuart / Chen, Wai / Lewis, Andrew / van IJzendoorn, Marinus / Galbally, Megan

Psychological medicine

2023 Volume 53, Issue 16, Page(s) 7953–7963

Abstract: Background: Perinatal maternal depression may affect fetal neurodevelopment directly or indirectly via exposures such as smoking, alcohol, or antidepressant use. The relative contribution of these risk factors on child executive function (EF) has not ... ...

Abstract	Background: Perinatal maternal depression may affect fetal neurodevelopment directly or indirectly via exposures such as smoking, alcohol, or antidepressant use. The relative contribution of these risk factors on child executive function (EF) has not been explored systematically. Methods: A prospective pregnancy cohort of 197 women and their children was studied to determine whether maternal depression diagnosis and the trajectory of maternal depressive symptoms (MDSs) from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum predicts child EF at age 4 (measured using the preschool age psychiatric assessment, NEPSY-II, and Shape School task) using latent growth curve modeling. Indirect effects of smoking, alcohol, and antidepressant use were also formally tested. Results: Increasing maternal perinatal depressive symptoms over time predicted more inattentive symptoms, poorer switching, and motor inhibition, but not cognitive inhibition. When adjusted for multiple comparison, and after accounting for maternal cognition and education, the association with child inattentive symptoms remained significant. However, diagnosed depression did not predict child EF outcomes. Prenatal exposure to smoking, alcohol, and antidepressants also did not mediate pathways from depressive symptoms to EF outcomes. Our findings were limited by sample size and statistical power to detect outcome effects of smaller effect size. Conclusions: This study suggests that increasing MDSs over the perinatal period is associated with poorer EF outcomes in children at age 4 - independent of prenatal smoking, drinking, or antidepressant use. Depressive chronicity, severity, and postpartum influences may play crucial roles in determining childhood outcomes of EF.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Pregnancy ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Female ; Depression ; Executive Function/physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Smoking ; Mothers/psychology ; Antidepressive Agents ; Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology ; Depression, Postpartum/psychology
Chemical Substances	Antidepressive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217420-0
ISSN	1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
ISSN	0033-2917
DOI	10.1017/S0033291723002118
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Article: Antioxidant and sensory evaluation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) tea formulated with cocoa bean hull of different origins

Siow, Cai San / Chan, Eric Wei Chiang / Wong, Chen Wai / Ng, Chee Wai

Future foods. 2022 June, v. 5

2022

Abstract: Cocoa nibs are the main ingredient for chocolate production while cocoa bean hulls are the major by-product. Uniqueness of this study is that we investigate the antioxidant content and activity of single origin cocoa bean hulls compared to nibs based on ... ...

Abstract	Cocoa nibs are the main ingredient for chocolate production while cocoa bean hulls are the major by-product. Uniqueness of this study is that we investigate the antioxidant content and activity of single origin cocoa bean hulls compared to nibs based on their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), free radical scavenging activity (DPPH Assay), ferric reducing powder (FRAP), and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) ability, thus highlighting regional differences. Venezuela raw cocoa bean hull had the highest antioxidant properties and these properties can tolerate roasting up to 100 ⁰C. Roasting temperature influences both the antioxidant properties and the flavor profile of the resulting cocoa tea. Of the 105 respondents of the hedonic survey, 67.64% indicated that they would buy our cocoa tea. Cocoa tea made from Malaysia and Venezuela origin had a higher theobromine content and a much lower caffeine content compared to green tea. In all cases, cocoa tea made primarily from the cocoa bean hull is safe for consumption as the Aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1, G2), Ochratoxin A, and pesticides residues were not detected within the detection limits (0.001 mg/kg and 0.005 mg/kg). It can be concluded that regional differences give a unique flavor profile to the cocoa bean hull and there were differences in terms of antioxidant properties.
Keywords	Theobroma cacao ; byproducts ; caffeine ; chocolate ; cocoa beans ; flavonoids ; flavor ; free radicals ; green tea ; ingredients ; ochratoxin A ; sensory evaluation ; surveys ; temperature ; theobromine ; Malaysia ; Venezuela
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-06
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	2666-8335
DOI	10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100108
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Inter-relationships between ADHD, ODD and impulsivity dimensions in emerging adults revealed by network analysis: extending the 'trait impulsivity hypothesis'

Gomez, Rapson / Stavropoulos, Vasileios / Watson, S. A. / Brown, Taylor / Chen, Wai

Heliyon. 2022 Oct., v. 8, no. 10 p.e10712-

2022

Abstract: The trait-impulsivity hypothesis posits impulsivity as the underlying substrate of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptom expressions. The current study applied network analysis to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	The trait-impulsivity hypothesis posits impulsivity as the underlying substrate of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptom expressions. The current study applied network analysis to evaluate the inter-relationships of dimensions within ADHD (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) and ODD (anger/irritable, vindictiveness, and argumentative/defiant behavior) with components of impulsivity as captured by the UPPS-P model (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency). A total of 324 emerging adults (women = 246) from the general community completed questionnaires covering these dimensions. Our findings showed that the ADHD and ODD dimensions were associated differentially with different types of impulsivity, in their unique patterns of network connectivities, a possibility that has had little attention in the trait-impulsivity hypothesis literature. This study is the first to tease out the unique associations of the ADHD and ODD dimensions with different types of impulsivity, and in that way provide new contributions to our understanding of the existing trait impulsivity theory. Our findings would be especially relevant to those interested in understanding how different dimensions of trait impulsivity underly the ADHD and ODD dimensions.
Keywords	adults ; models ; personality disorders ; questionnaires ; women ; Trait-impulsivity etiological model ; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ; Oppositional defiant disorder ; UPPS-P model of impulsive personality ; Emerging adults
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-10
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version ; Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10712
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Article ; Online: Emulsion formulated using Hibiscus tiliaceus L. extract and flaxseed oil for topical application

Lim, Win Yee / Chan, Eric Wei Chiang / Phan, Chia Wei / Wong, Chen Wai

Industrial Crops & Products. 2022 Nov., v. 188 p.115718-

2022

Abstract: The oil of Linum usitatissimum L., also known as flaxseed, is known for its many health benefits and has been widely used in food and cosmetic product. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. is a semi-mangrove whose wood and bark are used for fuel and fibre production. ... ...

Abstract	The oil of Linum usitatissimum L., also known as flaxseed, is known for its many health benefits and has been widely used in food and cosmetic product. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. is a semi-mangrove whose wood and bark are used for fuel and fibre production. Preliminary studies have reported tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibition activity in H. tiliaceus leaves dichloromethane extract (DE). Thus, it was believed that Hibiscus tiliaceus leaves could be used as an active ingredient in whitening products. The present study aimed to develop a stable formulation using flaxseed oil and H. tiliaceus partially purified extract (PE). Furthermore, this study aimed to evaluate the formulations’ physicochemical properties, microbial quality, storage stability, safety, and bioactivities. The presence of the active compound, friedelin, in partially purified extract (PE) obtained using Silica 60 column chromatography was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Emulsions incorporated with 0.1% and 0.2% (w/w) PE, namely partially purified extract emulsion (PEE) 1 and 2 respectively, were found with satisfied physiochemical and safety evaluations. Both PEE 1 and 2 remarkably inhibited tyrosinase activity by 61% and 70%, respectively. They also exerted high efficacy in suppressing melanin content and tyrosinase activity in murine melanoma cells (B16F1). Furthermore, both PEE showed no antiproliferative activity on both melanoma and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells and are unlikely to cause inflammation and affect the function of melanoma cells used in the melanogenesis assay. Interestingly, PEE 1 and 2 inhibited 34% and 32% extracellular melanogenesis at 0.5 mg/mL, which was higher than that of 1 and 2 mg/mL. No microbial growth was observed for in the microbial test when incorporating eugenol (0.4%) into the emulsions as an antimicrobial agent. PEE 1 yields better physicochemical properties, microbial quality and bioactivities upon storage at chilled, ambient and elevated temperatures. This study creates an approach to the development of natural whitening products using coastal plants.
Keywords	Linum usitatissimum ; Talipariti tiliaceum ; active ingredients ; anti-infective agents ; bark ; cosmetics ; emulsions ; eugenol ; fibroblasts ; fuels ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; humans ; inflammation ; linseed ; linseed oil ; melanin ; melanogenesis ; melanoma ; methylene chloride ; mice ; microbial growth ; microbiological quality ; silica ; storage quality ; topical application ; wood ; Anti-tyrosinase ; Emulsion ; Friedelin ; Hibiscus tiliaceus ; Melanogenesis inhibition ; Skin whitening
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1132158-1
ISSN	1872-633X ; 0926-6690
ISSN (online)	1872-633X
ISSN	0926-6690
DOI	10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115718
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