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Article ; Online: Efficient dynamic channel assignment through laser chaos

Zengjing Chen / Lu Wang / Chengzhi Xing

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a multiuser parallel processing learning algorithm

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract As laser chaos has been proven to be a robust tool to solve the multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem, this study investigates the problem of multiuser dynamic channel assignment using laser chaos in cognitive radio networks with K-orthogonal ... ...

Abstract	Abstract As laser chaos has been proven to be a robust tool to solve the multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem, this study investigates the problem of multiuser dynamic channel assignment using laser chaos in cognitive radio networks with K-orthogonal channels and M secondary users. A novel dynamic channel assignment algorithm with laser chaos series for multiple users, named parallel processing learning with laser chaos (PPL-LC) algorithm, is proposed to efficiently address two main objectives: stable channel assignment and fuzzy stable channel assignment. The latter objective accounts for the realistic scenario where users have fuzzy preferences and do not necessarily pursue the best preference. The PPL-LC algorithm uses the randomness properties of laser chaos to learn the assignment of channels to multiple users without any limitations on the number of channels, which has not been considered in existing laser chaos algorithms. Moreover, the PPL-LC is equipped with parallel processing channel selections, resulting in higher throughput and stronger adaptability with environmental changes over time than comparison algorithms, such as distributed stable strategy learning and coordinated stable marriage MAB algorithms. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the PPL-LC algorithm.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	629
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Novel Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technique with Hour-Hectometer Level Horizontal Distribution of Trace Gases

Chuan Lu / Qihua Li / Chengzhi Xing / Qihou Hu / Wei Tan / Hua Lin / Jinan Lin / Zhiguo Zhang / Bowen Chang / Cheng Liu

Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol

To Accurately Identify Emission Sources

2023 Volume 3

Abstract: High spatial-temporal resolution distribution of atmospheric gaseous pollutant is an important basis for tracing its emission, transport, and transformation. Typical methods for acquiring regional atmospheric gaseous pollutant distributions are satellite ...

Abstract	High spatial-temporal resolution distribution of atmospheric gaseous pollutant is an important basis for tracing its emission, transport, and transformation. Typical methods for acquiring regional atmospheric gaseous pollutant distributions are satellite remote sensing and in situ observations. However, these approaches have limitations, such as sparse overpass times for satellites and restricted coverage for in situ monitoring. In this study, we propose a method for the long-term detection of the horizontal distribution of trace gases. This method based on effective optical paths (EOPs) as the instrument's detection range. It acquires the average trace gas concentration along the EOPs by utilizing different detection distances within the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) spectral bands. Subsequently, we use the onion-peeling method to obtain trace gas concentrations at two distinct distances. The obtained trace gas horizontal distribution was consistent with the in situ and mobile measurements. Compared with satellite remote sensing, this method achieved horizontal distribution results with higher spatial and temporal resolutions, and located several small high-value areas in Hefei, China. The tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) results of the satellite at transit time (13:30) were consistent with the hyperspectral NO2 horizontal distribution results at 13:00 to 14:00 on the same day but were not consistent with the daily average NO2 results. The hourly NO2 concentration in each area was 10% to 40% lower than the daytime average obtained by the hyperspectral remote sensing result. We evaluated the errors associated with the calculation of NO2 emissions based on the satellite results and found a bias of approximately 69.45% to 83.34%. The spatial distribution of NO2 concentration obtained from MAX-DOAS measurements may help in future bottom-up emission calculations.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Physical geography ; GB3-5030
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Differences in the Vertical Distribution of Aerosols, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Formaldehyde between Islands and Inland Areas

Jinping Ou / Qihou Hu / Chengzhi Xing / Yizhi Zhu / Jiaxuan Feng / Xinqi Wang / Xiangguang Ji / Hua Lin / Hao Yin / Cheng Liu

Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 23, p

A Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta of China

2023 Volume 5475

Abstract: Due to the difference of industrialization degree and meteorological conditions, there are obvious differences in the composition of air pollution between islands and inland areas. With Zhoushan (ZS) and Nanjing (NJ) representing islands and inland ... ...

Abstract	Due to the difference of industrialization degree and meteorological conditions, there are obvious differences in the composition of air pollution between islands and inland areas. With Zhoushan (ZS) and Nanjing (NJ) representing islands and inland cities in the Yangtze River Delta, the differences in vertical distribution of atmospheric components were investigated. A combination of multi-axial differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS), weather research and forecasting (WRF), and potential source contribution function (PSCF) models were used to obtain vertical distribution data for aerosols, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and formaldehyde (HCHO), meteorological factors, and pollution sources in summer 2019. The findings indicate that, except for the aerosol extinction coefficient (AE), the atmospheric composition at the ZS site was not significantly stratified. However, the AE, NO 2 , and HCHO at NJ all displayed a decreasing trend with altitude. Here is the interesting finding that the ZS site has a higher AE value than the NJ site, while NJ displays higher NO 2 and HCHO columns than the ZS site. This discrepancy was primarily attributable to Zhoushan City’s extremely low traffic emissions when compared to inland cities. In addition, HCHO in the YRD region was significantly affected by human activities. Analysis of potential pollution sources found that regional transport contributed to differences in atmospheric composition at different altitudes in different regions. Aerosols, NO 2 , and HCHO in Nanjing were significantly affected by transport in inland areas. Aerosols in Zhoushan were easily affected by transport in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and NO 2 and HCHO were significantly affected by transport contributions from surrounding areas in inland areas. The study strongly suggests that land and sea breezes play an important role in the vertical distribution of aerosols over island regions.
Keywords	aerosol ; formaldehyde ; vertical profile ; transport ; potential source ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Quantify the Contribution of Dust and Anthropogenic Sources to Aerosols in North China by Lidar and Validated with CALIPSO

Zhuang Wang / Cheng Liu / Qihou Hu / Yunsheng Dong / Haoran Liu / Chengzhi Xing / Wei Tan

Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 1811, p

2021 Volume 1811

Abstract: Persistent heavy haze episodes have repeatedly shrouded North China in recent years. Besides anthropogenic emissions, natural dust also contributes to the aerosols in this region. Through continuous observation by a dual-wavelength Raman lidar, the ... ...

Abstract	Persistent heavy haze episodes have repeatedly shrouded North China in recent years. Besides anthropogenic emissions, natural dust also contributes to the aerosols in this region. Through continuous observation by a dual-wavelength Raman lidar, the primary aerosol types and their contributions to air pollution in North China were determined. The following three aerosol types can be classified: natural dust, anthropogenic aerosols, and the mixture of anthropogenic aerosols and dust (polluted dust). The classification results are basically consistent with the classification results from the cloud–aerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observations (CALIPSO) satellite measurements. The relative bias of the lidar ratio between the Raman lidar and CALIPSO is less than 25% over 90% of the cases, indicating that the CALIPSO lidar ratio selection algorithm is reasonable. The classification results show that approximately 45% of aerosols below 1.8 km are contributed by polluted dust during our one year observations. The contribution of dust increased with height, from 6% at 500 m to 28% at 1,800 m, while the contribution of anthropogenic aerosols decreased from 49% to 25%. In addition, polluted dust is the major aerosol subtype below 1.0 km in spring (over 60%) and autumn (over 70%). Anthropogenic aerosols contribute more than 75% of air pollution in summer. In winter, anthropogenic aerosols prevailed (over 80%) in the lower layer, while polluted dust (around 60%) dominated the upper layer. Our results identified the primarily aerosol types to assess the contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources to air pollution in North China, and highlight that natural dust plays a crucial role in lower-layer air pollution in spring and autumn, while controlling anthropogenic aerosols will significantly improve air quality in winter.
Keywords	Raman lidar ; aerosol classification ; CALIPSO ; dust ; polluted dust ; anthropogenic aerosol ; Science ; Q
Subject code	551 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Profiling of Dust and Urban Haze Mass Concentrations during the 2019 National Day Parade in Beijing by Polarization Raman Lidar

Zhuang Wang / Cheng Liu / Yunsheng Dong / Qihou Hu / Ting Liu / Yizhi Zhu / Chengzhi Xing

Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 3326, p

2021 Volume 3326

Abstract: The polarization–Raman Lidar combined sun photometer is a powerful method for separating dust and urban haze backscatter, extinction, and mass concentrations. The observation was performed in Beijing during the 2019 National Day parade, the particle ... ...

Abstract	The polarization–Raman Lidar combined sun photometer is a powerful method for separating dust and urban haze backscatter, extinction, and mass concentrations. The observation was performed in Beijing during the 2019 National Day parade, the particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm and Lidar ratio at 355 nm are 0.13 ± 0.05 and 52 ± 9 sr, respectively. It is the typical value of a mixture of dust and urban haze. Here we quantify the contributions of cross-regional transported natural dust and urban haze mass concentrations to Beijing’s air quality. There is a significant correlation between urban haze mass concentrations and surface PM 2 . 5 (R = 0.74, p < 0.01). The contributions of local emissions to air pollution during the 2019 National Day parade were insignificant, mainly affected by regional transport, including urban haze in North China plain and Guanzhong Plain (Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, and Shanxi), and dust aerosol in Mongolia regions and Xinjiang. Moreover, the trans-regional transmission of natural dust dominated the air pollution during the 2019 National Day parade, with a relative contribution to particulate matter mass concentrations exceeding 74% below 4 km. Our results highlight that controlling anthropogenic emissions over regional scales and focusing on the effects of natural dust is crucial and effective to improve Beijing’s air quality.
Keywords	Raman Lidar ; mass concentrations ; dust ; urban haze ; depolarization ratio ; MODIS ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Analysis of the Vertical Distribution and Driving Factors of Aerosol and Ozone Precursors in Huaniao Island, China, Based on Ground-Based MAX-DOAS

Jinping Ou / Qihou Hu / Chengzhi Xing / Yizhi Zhu / Jiaxuan Feng / Xiangguang Ji / Mingzhu Zhang / Xinqi Wang / Liyuan Li / Ting Liu / Bowen Chang / Qihua Li / Hao Yin / Cheng Liu

Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 21, p

2023 Volume 5103

Abstract: Urban air pollution has become a regional environmental problem. In order to explore whether island areas were affected by the urban development of surrounding areas, in this paper, we systematically study the vertical distribution characteristics of ... ...

Abstract	Urban air pollution has become a regional environmental problem. In order to explore whether island areas were affected by the urban development of surrounding areas, in this paper, we systematically study the vertical distribution characteristics of atmospheric components, meteorological drivers, potential pollution sources, and the population health risks of fine particulate matter in island cities in China. The vertical profiles of three atmospheric pollutants (aerosols, NO 2 , and HCHO) in the lower troposphere of Huaniao Island in the East China Sea (ECS) were obtained using ground-based multi-axial differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS). The results show that the aerosol extinction coefficients, NO 2 , and HCHO were primarily distributed at altitudes below 1 km, and the atmospheric pollutants in Zhoushan were obviously affected by high-altitude transfer. The main meteorological driving factors of aerosols, NO 2 , and HCHO were different at different altitudes. The key factor contributing to the high column concentrations of NO 2 and HCHO in the upper air (greater than 400 m) was the transport of pollutants brought about by changes in wind speed. By exploring the main potential sources of atmospheric pollutants, it was found that the main sources of aerosols, NO 2 , and HCHO are coastal cities in the Yangtze River Delta, including southeast Zhejiang Province, southeast Fujian Province, Shanghai, ECS, and the Yellow Sea. Compared with aerosols and HCHO, local primary emissions are an important source of NO 2 , which are mainly related to industrial activities in Zhoushan Port. In addition, using the expose-response function model, the number of attributable cases of PM 2.5 air pollution in Zhoushan City in 2019 accounted for 6.58% of the total population. This study enriches our understanding of the vertical distribution characteristics of atmospheric composition and health risk assessment on Chinese islands.
Keywords	vertical profile ; MAX-DOAS ; meteorological effect ; regional transport ; health risk ; Science ; Q
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Observations by Ground-Based MAX-DOAS of the Vertical Characters of Winter Pollution and the Influencing Factors of HONO Generation in Shanghai, China

Shiqi Xu / Shanshan Wang / Men Xia / Hua Lin / Chengzhi Xing / Xiangguang Ji / Wenjing Su / Wei Tan / Cheng Liu / Qihou Hu

Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 3518, p

2021 Volume 3518

Abstract: Analyzing vertical distribution characters of air pollutants is conducive to study the mechanisms under polluted atmospheric conditions. Nitrous acid (HONO) is a kind of crucial species in photochemical cycles. Exploring the influence and sources of HONO ...

Abstract	Analyzing vertical distribution characters of air pollutants is conducive to study the mechanisms under polluted atmospheric conditions. Nitrous acid (HONO) is a kind of crucial species in photochemical cycles. Exploring the influence and sources of HONO in air pollution at different altitudes offers some insights into the research of tropospheric oxidation chemistry processes. Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements were conducted in Shanghai, China, from December 2017 to March 2018 to investigate vertical distributions and diurnal variations of trace gases (NO 2 , HONO, HCHO, SO 2 , and water vapor) and aerosol extinction coefficient in the boundary layer. Aerosol and NO 2 showed decreasing profile exponentially, SO 2 and HCHO concentrations were observed relatively high values in the middle layer. SO 2 was caused by industrial emissions, while HCHO was from secondary sources. As for HONO, below 0.82 km, the heterogeneous reactions of NO 2 impacted on forming HONO, while in the upper layers, vertical diffusion might be the dominant source. The contribution of OH production from HONO photolysis at different altitudes was mainly controlled by the concentration of HONO. MAX-DOAS measurements characterize the vertical structure of air pollutants in Shanghai and provide further understanding for HONO formation, which can help deploy advanced measurement platforms of regional air pollution over eastern China.
Keywords	MAX-DOAS ; vertical profiles ; HONO sources ; Science ; Q
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Vertical Structure of Air Pollutant Transport Flux as Determined by Ground-Based Remote Sensing Observations in Fen-Wei Plain, China

Xiangguang Ji / Qihou Hu / Bo Hu / Shuntian Wang / Hanyang Liu / Chengzhi Xing / Hua Lin / Jinan Lin

Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 3664, p

2021 Volume 3664

Abstract: Air pollutant transport plays an important role in local air quality, but field observations of transport fluxes, especially their vertical distributions, are very limited. We characterized the vertical structures of transport fluxes in central Luoyang, ... ...

Abstract	Air pollutant transport plays an important role in local air quality, but field observations of transport fluxes, especially their vertical distributions, are very limited. We characterized the vertical structures of transport fluxes in central Luoyang, Fen-Wei Plain, China, in winter based on observations of vertical air pollutant and wind profiles using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and Doppler wind lidar, respectively. The northwest and the northeast are the two privileged wind directions. The wind direction and total transport scenarios were dominantly the northwest during clear days, turning to the northeast during the polluted days. Increased transport flux intensities of aerosol were found at altitudes below 400 m on heavily polluted days from the northeast to the southwest over the city. Considering pollution dependence on wind directions and speeds, surface-dominated northeast transport may contribute to local haze events. Northwest winds transporting clean air masses were dominant during clean periods and flux profiles characterized by high altitudes between 200 and 600 m in Luoyang. During the COVID-19 lockdown period in late January and February, clear reductions in transport flux were found for NO 2 from the northeast and for HCHO from the northwest, while the corresponding main transport altitude remained unchanged. Our findings provide better understandings of regional transport characteristics, especially at different altitudes.
Keywords	MAX-DOAS ; Doppler wind lidar ; vertical distribution ; transport flux ; transport pathway ; COVID-19 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	380 ; 551
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Identification of ozone sensitivity for NO2 and secondary HCHO based on MAX-DOAS measurements in northeast China

Jiexiao Xue / Ting Zhao / Yifu Luo / Congke Miao / Pinjie Su / Feng Liu / Guohui Zhang / Sida Qin / Youtao Song / Naishun Bu / Chengzhi Xing

Environment International, Vol 160, Iss , Pp 107048- (2022)

2022

Abstract: In this study, tropospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) vertical column densities (VCDs) were measured using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) from January to November 2019 in Shenyang, Northeast China. The maximum HCHO VCD value ...

Abstract	In this study, tropospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) vertical column densities (VCDs) were measured using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) from January to November 2019 in Shenyang, Northeast China. The maximum HCHO VCD value appeared in the summer (1.74 × 1016 molec/cm2), due to increased photo-oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). HCHO concentrations increased from 08:00 and peaked near 13:00, which was mainly attributed to the increased release of isoprene from plants and enhanced photolysis at noon. The HCHO VCDs observed by MAX-DOAS and OMI have a good correlation coefficient (R) of 0.78, and the contributions from primary and secondary HCHO sources were distinguished by the multi-linear regression model. The anthropogenic emissions showed unobvious seasonal variations, and the primary HCHO was relatively stable in Shenyang. Secondary HCHO contributed 82.62%, 83.90%, 78.90%, and 41.53% to the total measured ambient HCHO during the winter, spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. We also found a good correlation (R = 0.78) between enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and HCHO VCDs, indicating that the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) was the main source of HCHO. The ratio of secondary HCHO to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was used as the tracer to analyze O3-NOx-VOC sensitivities. We found that the VOC-limited, VOC-NOx-limited, and NOx-limited regimes made up 93.67%, 6.23%, 0.11% of the overall measurements, respectively. In addition, summertime ozone (O3) sensitivity changed from VOC-limited in the morning to VOC-NOx-limited in the afternoon. Therefore, this study offers information on HCHO sources and corresponding O3 production sensitivities to support strategic management decisions.
Keywords	MAX-DOAS ; Formaldehyde ; Secondary source ; HCHO/NO2 ; Ozone production sensitivity ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Development and Application of HECORA Cloud Retrieval Algorithm Based On the O 2 -O 2 477 nm Absorption Band

Shuntian Wang / Cheng Liu / Wenqiang Zhang / Nan Hao / Sebastián Gimeno García / Chengzhi Xing / Chengxin Zhang / Wenjing Su / Jianguo Liu

Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 3039, p

2020 Volume 3039

Abstract: In this paper, we present the Hefei EMI Cloud Retrieval Algorithm (HECORA), which uses information from the O 2 -O 2 absorption band around 477 nm to retrieve effective cloud fraction and effective cloud pressure from satellite observations. The ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we present the Hefei EMI Cloud Retrieval Algorithm (HECORA), which uses information from the O 2 -O 2 absorption band around 477 nm to retrieve effective cloud fraction and effective cloud pressure from satellite observations. The retrieved cloud information intends to improve the atmospheric trace gas products based on the Environment Monitoring Instrument (EMI) spectrometer. The HECORA method builds on OMCLDO2 and presents some evolutions. The Vector Linearized Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (VLIDORT) model has been used to produce the Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance Look-up Tables (LUT) as a function of the cloud fraction and cloud pressure. Applying the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique to the synthetic reflectance LUT, the reflectance spectra can be associated with O 2 -O 2 geometrical vertical column densities (VCD geo ) and continuum reflectance. This is the core of the retrieval method, since there is a one-to-one relationship between O 2 -O 2 VCD geo and continuum reflectance, on the one hand, and effective cloud fraction and effective cloud pressure, on the other hand, for a given illumination and observing geometry and given surface height and surface albedo. We first used the VLIDORT synthetic spectra to verify the HECORA algorithm and obtained good results in both the Lambertian cloud model and the scattering cloud model. Secondly, HECORA is applied to OMI and TROPOMI and compared with OMCLDO2, FRESCO+, and OCRA/ROCINN cloud products. Later, the cloud pressure results from TROPOMI observations obtained using HECORA and FRESCO+ are compared with the CALIOP Cloud Layer product. HECORA is closer to the CALIOP results under low cloud conditions, while FRESCO+ is closer to high clouds due to the higher sensitivity of the O 2 A-band to cloud vertical information. Finally, HECORA is applied to the TROPOMI NO 2 retrieval. Validation of the tropospheric NO 2 VCD with ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements shows that choosing HECORA cloud products to ...
Keywords	cloud fraction ; cloud pressure ; EMI ; TROPOMI ; DOAS ; Science ; Q
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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