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Article ; Online: Dendrochronology: Large datasets help explain when and how trees grow but not why.

Cherubini, Paolo

2024 Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) R237–R239

Abstract: A meta-analysis of a large dataset of wood cell formation observations from several tree species in the Northern Hemisphere suggests that the 5th of June is favorable for cell division and enlargement, while the summer solstice promotes cell wall ... ...

Abstract	A meta-analysis of a large dataset of wood cell formation observations from several tree species in the Northern Hemisphere suggests that the 5th of June is favorable for cell division and enlargement, while the summer solstice promotes cell wall thickening.
MeSH term(s)	Seasons ; Trees ; Wood
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.051
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Article ; Online: Tree-ring dating of musical instruments.

Cherubini, Paolo

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2021 Volume 373, Issue 6562, Page(s) 1434–1436

Abstract: Dendrochronology detects fraudulent art but with some caveats. ...

Abstract	Dendrochronology detects fraudulent art but with some caveats.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.abj3823
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Article ; Online: Advanced Workflow for Taking High-Quality Increment Cores - New Techniques and Devices.

Gärtner, Holger / Schneider, Loïc / Lucchinetti, Sandro / Cherubini, Paolo

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2023 , Issue 193

Abstract: In dendroecological research, precise dating of each single growth ring is a basic requirement for all studies, focusing on ring-width variations only, chemical or isotope analyses, or wood anatomical studies. Independent of the sampling strategy for a ... ...

Abstract	In dendroecological research, precise dating of each single growth ring is a basic requirement for all studies, focusing on ring-width variations only, chemical or isotope analyses, or wood anatomical studies. Independent of the sampling strategy for a certain study (e.g., climatology, geomorphology), the way samples are taken is crucial for their successful preparation and analyses. Until recently, it was sufficient to use a (more or less) sharp increment corer to obtain core samples that could be sanded for further analyses. Since wood anatomical characteristics can be applied to long time series, the need to obtain high-quality increment cores has taken on a new meaning. Essentially, the corer needs to be sharp(ened) when used. When coring a tree by hand, there are some problems in handling the corer, resulting in the hidden occurrence of micro cracks along the entire core: When starting to drill by hand, the drill bit is strongly pressed against the bark and the outermost ring until the thread has fully entered the trunk. At the same time, the drill bit is moved up and down as well as sideward. Then, the corer is drilled all the way into the trunk; however, it is necessary to stop after each turn, change the grip, and turn again. All these movements, as well as the start/stop-coring, puts mechanical stress on the core. The resulting micro cracks make it impossible to create continuous micro sections, as they fall apart along all these cracks. We present a protocol to overcome these obstacles by applying a new technique using a cordless drill to minimize these problems when coring a tree, as well as its effect on the preparation of long micro sections. This protocol includes the preparation of long micro sections, as well as a procedure to sharpen corers in the field.
MeSH term(s)	Workflow ; Wood ; Trees
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X ; 1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/64747
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Article ; Online: Tree physiological responses after biotic and abiotic disturbances revealed by a dual isotope approach.

Saurer, Matthias / Cherubini, Paolo

Tree physiology

2021 Volume 42, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–4

MeSH term(s)	Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Isotopes ; Stress, Physiological ; Trees
Chemical Substances	Isotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-06
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	743341-4
ISSN	1758-4469 ; 0829-318X
ISSN (online)	1758-4469
ISSN	0829-318X
DOI	10.1093/treephys/tpab036
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Article: Wood anatomy and tree-ring stable isotopes indicate a recent decline in water-use efficiency in the desert tree Moringa peregrina

Farahat, Emad / Cherubini, Paolo / Saurer, Matthias / Gärtner, Holger

International journal of biometeorology. 2022 Jan., v. 66, no. 1

2022

Abstract: The ability of desert plants to adapt to future climate changes and maximize their water-use efficiency will determine their survival. This study uses wood anatomy and δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O isotope analyses to investigate how Moringa peregrina trees in the ... ...

Abstract	The ability of desert plants to adapt to future climate changes and maximize their water-use efficiency will determine their survival. This study uses wood anatomy and δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O isotope analyses to investigate how Moringa peregrina trees in the Egyptian desert have responded to the environment over the last 10 years. Our results show that M. peregrina tree-ring widths (TRWs) have generally declined over the last decade, although individual series are characterized by high variability and low Rbars. Vessel lumen area percentages (VLA%) are low in wet years but increase significantly in dry years, such as the period 2017–2020. Stable δ¹³C isotope values decrease between 2010 (− 23.4‰) and 2020 (− 24.9‰), reflecting an unexpected response to an increase in drought conditions. The mean δ¹⁸O value (± standard error, SE) for the first ten rings of each tree from bark to pith (2020–2010) is 33.0 ‰ ± 0.85 with a range of 29.2–36.3‰, which indicates a common drought signal. The intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) declines gradually with time, from 130.0 µmol mol⁻¹ in 2010 to 119.4 µmol mol⁻¹ in 2020. The intercellular carbon concentration (Cᵢ) and Cᵢ/Cₐ ratio increase over the same period, likely as a result of decreasing iWUE. The results show that M. peregrina trees seem to cool their leaves and the boundary air at the cost of saving water.
Keywords	Moringa peregrina ; air ; bark ; bioclimatology ; carbon ; climate ; drought ; growth rings ; trees ; water use efficiency ; xerophytes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Size	p. 127-137.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	127361-9
ISSN	0067-8902 ; 0020-7128
ISSN	0067-8902 ; 0020-7128
DOI	10.1007/s00484-021-02198-7
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Article: Can tree-ring chemistry be used to monitor atmospheric nanoparticle contamination over time?

Ballikaya, Paula / Marshall, John / Cherubini, Paolo

Atmospheric environment. 2022 Jan. 01, v. 268

2022

Abstract: Industrial activities and human population growth have resulted in an unprecedented increase in the release of particulate matter (PM) into the environment. Nanoparticle (NP) contamination is widespread and affects all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, ...

Abstract	Industrial activities and human population growth have resulted in an unprecedented increase in the release of particulate matter (PM) into the environment. Nanoparticle (NP) contamination is widespread and affects all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, putting humans and environment at risk. Several studies on the impact of PM and NPs on human health have been conducted over the past two decades, but their effects on plants are still poorly understood. What happens to them in forest ecosystems and trees has yet to be explored. In this paper, we review the literature on the capacity of trees to be used as bioindicators and proxy recorders of past air pollution events. Current research indicates that ultrafine particles can be taken up and translocated to different parts of a tree by physical and chemical processes, as we present studies of plant uptake and translocation processes of NPs in trees. Tree-ring chemistry, i.e., dendrochemistry, has been successfully used to reconstruct trace metal deposition from a variety of sources of pollution, including cars, metal refineries and coal burning. The use of dendrochemistry in environmental monitoring seems promising particularly given the presence of recent development of analytical tools, and is likely to provide useful data on atmospheric NP contamination that could not be obtained from any other source. However, still relatively little is known about the dynamic relationships between NPs and trees. We therefore discuss what future dendrochemical research is needed to make dendrochemical analyses as accurate as possible for monitoring atmospheric nanoparticle contamination over time.
Keywords	air pollution ; chemistry ; coal ; environment ; forests ; growth rings ; human health ; human population ; particulates ; population growth ; risk ; trace elements ; trees
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0101
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118781
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Enhancing human-AI collaboration: The case of colonoscopy.

Introzzi, Luca / Zonca, Joshua / Cabitza, Federico / Cherubini, Paolo / Reverberi, Carlo

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver

2023

Abstract: Diagnostic errors impact patient health and healthcare costs. Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows promise in mitigating this burden by supporting Medical Doctors in decision-making. However, the mere display of excellent or even superhuman performance by ... ...

Abstract	Diagnostic errors impact patient health and healthcare costs. Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows promise in mitigating this burden by supporting Medical Doctors in decision-making. However, the mere display of excellent or even superhuman performance by AI in specific tasks does not guarantee a positive impact on medical practice. Effective AI assistance should target the primary causes of human errors and foster effective collaborative decision-making with human experts who remain the ultimate decision-makers. In this narrative review, we apply these principles to the specific scenario of AI assistance during colonoscopy. By unraveling the neurocognitive foundations of the colonoscopy procedure, we identify multiple bottlenecks in perception, attention, and decision-making that contribute to diagnostic errors, shedding light on potential interventions to mitigate them. Furthermore, we explored how existing AI devices fare in clinical practice and whether they achieved an optimal integration with the human decision-maker. We argue that to foster optimal Human-AI collaboration, future research should expand our knowledge of factors influencing AI's impact, establish evidence-based cognitive models, and develop training programs based on them. These efforts will enhance human-AI collaboration, ultimately improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. The principles illuminated in this review hold more general value, extending their relevance to a wide array of medical procedures and beyond.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1459373-7
ISSN	1878-3562 ; 1125-8055
ISSN (online)	1878-3562
ISSN	1125-8055
DOI	10.1016/j.dld.2023.10.018
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Article ; Online: Chemical Elements Recorded by Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. Tree Rings Reveal Trends of Pollution History in Harbin, China

Ballikaya, Paula / Song, Wenqi / Bachmann, Olivier / Guillong, Marcel / Wang, Xiaochun / Cherubini, Paolo

Forests. 2023 Jan. 18, v. 14, no. 2

2023

Abstract: Rapid industrialization has led to a dramatic increase in air pollution. In China, the factors driving the abundance and composition of smog, particularly fine particulate matter, remain poorly understood, and short-term air pollution data are available ... ...

Abstract	Rapid industrialization has led to a dramatic increase in air pollution. In China, the factors driving the abundance and composition of smog, particularly fine particulate matter, remain poorly understood, and short-term air pollution data are available from few air quality monitoring networks. Using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), chemical elements (Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Tl, Pb, Bi) were analyzed in Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. tree rings from Harbin, China, in latewood at 5-year resolution over the period 1965–2020. The temporal trend of some elements was influenced by physiological factors, by environmental factors such as pollution, or influenced by both. Mg, K, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, As, Sr and Tl showed changes in pollution levels over time. The signal of K, Zn, Ni, Cu and Pb in trees from Harbin statistically did not differ from those at the control site after the 2000s. Our analysis confirmed the success of the undertaken emission reduction measures, which lead to an improvement in China’s urban air quality after 2010. However, As increased from 2000 to 2020 in Harbin which is consistent with rising As concentrations in China. Our study proved that dendrochemistry is a reliable tool to monitor the long-term history of pollution and to contribute to extending instrumental records of pollution back in time.
Keywords	Quercus mongolica ; air pollution ; air quality ; industrialization ; latewood ; particulates ; smog pollution ; spectroscopy ; trees ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0118
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f14020187
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Tree-ring data reveal trees are suffering from severe drought stress in the humid subtropical forest

Zhang, Rong / Hu, Zihao / Cherubini, Paolo / Cooper, David J. / Zhu, Liangjun / Lei, Pifeng

Forest Ecology and Management. 2023, p.121330-

2023 , Page(s) 121330–

Abstract: The young secondary forests in subtropical regions of China play an important role in the global carbon cycle and China's ecological and economic security. These values are closely related to tree radial growth (RW), primarily affected by climate changes, ...

Abstract	The young secondary forests in subtropical regions of China play an important role in the global carbon cycle and China's ecological and economic security. These values are closely related to tree radial growth (RW), primarily affected by climate changes, especially climate warming. Here, we measured the RW of six common tree species in subtropical China (Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Liquidambar formosana, Choerospondias axillaris, and Lithocarpus glaber) and quantified how each responded to climate warming. Temperature and moisture were the main climate factors limiting the growth of tree species in the study area. The growth of tree species other than L. formosana and P. massoniana was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with relative humidity. Precipitation in the growing season was negatively correlated with the growth of L. formosana and M. glyptostroboides and positively affected the growth of the other tree species. The radial growth trends of trees growing in similar terrain and climate conditions were similar, but their degree of variation was different. Compared to broad-leaved tree species (L. formosana, C. axillaris, and L. glaber), coniferous tree species (C. lanceolata, P. massoniana, and M. glyptostroboides) were more climate-sensitive, particularly C. lanceolata. Climate warming can potentially extend the growing period and promote the radial growth of the study tree species, but more often leads to drought stress that inhibits radial growth. The long-term drought during 2004-2015 significantly reduced the radial growth of most species, especially conifers which are more vulnerable to drought than broad-leaved trees. Our results highlight that most tree species in the humid subtropical forest in South China are suffering from severe drought stress, which significantly affects forest carbon sequestration. It is probably a good warning for current plantation policy and species selection to better achieving the "Carbon Peaking & Carbon Neutrality" goals of the Chinese government.
Keywords	Cunninghamia lanceolata ; Liquidambar formosana ; Lithocarpus ; Metasequoia glyptostroboides ; Pinus massoniana ; administrative management ; broadleaved trees ; carbon ; carbon sequestration ; climate ; drought ; forest ecology ; global carbon budget ; growth rings ; issues and policy ; landscapes ; relative humidity ; temperature ; tropical forests ; water stress ; China ; tree-ring ; extreme climate ; coniferous & broadleaved trees ; subtropical tree species ; central south China
Language	English
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121330
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Tree Vitality and Forest Health: Can Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes Be Used as Indicators?

Cherubini, Paolo / Battipaglia, Giovanna / Innes, John L

Current forestry reports. 2021 June, v. 7, no. 2

2021

Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Society is concerned about the long-term condition of the forests. Although a clear definition of forest health is still missing, to evaluate forest health, monitoring efforts in the past 40 years have concentrated on the assessment of ...

Abstract	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Society is concerned about the long-term condition of the forests. Although a clear definition of forest health is still missing, to evaluate forest health, monitoring efforts in the past 40 years have concentrated on the assessment of tree vitality, trying to estimate tree photosynthesis rates and productivity. Used in monitoring forest decline in Central Europe since the 1980s, crown foliage transparency has been commonly believed to be the best indicator of tree condition in relation to air pollution, although annual variations appear more closely related to water stress. Although crown transparency is not a good indicator of tree photosynthesis rates, defoliation is still one of the most used indicators of tree vitality. Tree rings have been often used as indicators of past productivity. However, long-term tree growth trends are difficult to interpret because of sampling bias, and ring width patterns do not provide any information about tree physiological processes. RECENT FINDINGS: In the past two decades, tree-ring stable isotopes have been used not only to reconstruct the impact of past climatic events, such as drought, but also in the study of forest decline induced by air pollution episodes, and other natural disturbances and environmental stress, such as pest outbreaks and wildfires. They have proven to be useful tools for understanding physiological processes and tree response to such stress factors. Tree-ring stable isotopes integrate crown transpiration rates and photosynthesis rates and may enhance our understanding of tree vitality. They are promising indicators of tree vitality. We call for the use of tree-ring stable isotopes in future monitoring programmes.
Keywords	air pollution ; defoliation ; drought ; forest decline ; forestry ; growth rings ; leaves ; pests ; photosynthesis ; transpiration ; tree growth ; trees ; water stress ; Central European region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-06
Size	p. 69-80.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; Review
ISSN	2198-6436
DOI	10.1007/s40725-021-00137-8
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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