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  1. Article ; Online: Response by Chong et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Epicardial Adipose Tissue Assessed by Computed Tomography and Echocardiography Are Associated With Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis".

    Chong, Bryan / Chin, Yip Han / Chew, Nicholas W S

    Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) e015985

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adipose Tissue/diagnostic imaging ; Echocardiography ; Pericardium/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2435045-X
    ISSN 1942-0080 ; 1941-9651
    ISSN (online) 1942-0080
    ISSN 1941-9651
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.123.015985
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    Zs.A 6743: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Epigenetics in cardiovascular health and disease.

    Chew, Nicholas W S / Loong, Shaun S E / Foo, Roger

    Progress in molecular biology and translational science

    2023  Volume 197, Page(s) 105–134

    Abstract: Conrad Waddington's epigenetics landscape has provided a metaphorical framework for how cells progress from undifferentiated states to one of several discrete, distinct, differentiated cell fates. The understanding of epigenetics has evolved over time, ... ...

    Abstract Conrad Waddington's epigenetics landscape has provided a metaphorical framework for how cells progress from undifferentiated states to one of several discrete, distinct, differentiated cell fates. The understanding of epigenetics has evolved over time, with DNA methylation being the most studied epigenetic modification, followed by histone modifications and non-coding RNA. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading contributors to death worldwide, with the prevalence of CVDs increasing across the last couple of decades. Significant amount of resources being poured into researching key mechanisms and underpinnings of the various CVDs. These molecular studies looked at the genetics, epigenetics as well as the transcriptomics of various cardiovascular conditions, aiming to provide mechanistic insights. It has paved the way for therapeutics to be developed and in recent years, epi-drugs for the treatment of CVDs. This chapter aims to cover the various roles of epigenetics in the context of cardiovascular health and disease. The following will be examined in detail: the developments in basic experimental techniques used to study epigenetics, the role of epigenetics in various CVDs (hypertension, atrial fibrillation, atherosclerosis, and heart failure), and current advances in epi-therapeutics, providing a holistic view of the current concerted efforts in advancing the field of epigenetics in CVDs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Cardiovascular System/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2471995-X
    ISSN 1878-0814 ; 0079-6603 ; 1877-1173
    ISSN (online) 1878-0814
    ISSN 0079-6603 ; 1877-1173
    DOI 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.002
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  3. Article ; Online: Histone modifications in fat metabolism and obesity.

    Chu, Dinh-Toi / Thi, Yen-Vy Nguyen / Chew, Nicholas W S

    Progress in molecular biology and translational science

    2023  Volume 197, Page(s) 135–152

    Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the obesity epidemic as one of the leading causes of overall morbidity and mortality. Obesity affects individual health, and quality of life and has negative long-term economic implications on society ... ...

    Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the obesity epidemic as one of the leading causes of overall morbidity and mortality. Obesity affects individual health, and quality of life and has negative long-term economic implications on society and the entire country. In recent years, studies on histone modifications in fat metabolism and obesity have received great attention. Processes such as methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA expression are mechanisms in epigenetic regulation. These processes play a particularly important role in cell development and differentiation through gene regulation. In this chapter, we discuss the types of histone modifications in adipose tissue under different conditions, the role of histone modifications in adipose tissue development, and the relationship between histone modifications and biosynthesis in the body. In addition, the chapter provides detailed information on histone modifications in obesity, the relationship between histone modifications and food consumption status, and the role of histone modifications in overweight and obesity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Histone Code ; Quality of Life ; Obesity/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; DNA Methylation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2471995-X
    ISSN 1878-0814 ; 0079-6603 ; 1877-1173
    ISSN (online) 1878-0814
    ISSN 0079-6603 ; 1877-1173
    DOI 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.003
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  4. Article ; Online: No symptoms of superior vena cava obstruction despite occlusion of the superior vena cava.

    Chew, Nicholas W S / Kong, Gwyneth / Widanalage, Sanjay / Yeo, Wee Tiong

    Singapore medical journal

    2023  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-25
    Publishing country India
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 604319-7
    ISSN 2737-5935 ; 0037-5675
    ISSN (online) 2737-5935
    ISSN 0037-5675
    DOI 10.4103/singaporemedj.SMJ-2021-384
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  5. Article: Editorial: The heart of NAFLD.

    Chew, Nicholas W S / Kannan, Shankar / Chong, Bryan / Chin, Yiphan / Muthiah, Mark

    Frontiers in medicine

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1209625

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2775999-4
    ISSN 2296-858X
    ISSN 2296-858X
    DOI 10.3389/fmed.2023.1209625
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  6. Article ; Online: The emergence of obesity in type 1 diabetes.

    Kueh, Martin T W / Chew, Nicholas W S / Al-Ozairi, Ebaa / le Roux, Carel W

    International journal of obesity (2005)

    2023  Volume 48, Issue 3, Page(s) 289–301

    Abstract: Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease represented by multifactorial metabolic dysfunctions, is a significant global health threat for adults and children. The once-held belief that type 1 diabetes is a disease of people who are lean no longer ...

    Abstract Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease represented by multifactorial metabolic dysfunctions, is a significant global health threat for adults and children. The once-held belief that type 1 diabetes is a disease of people who are lean no longer holds. The mounting epidemiological data now establishes the connection between type 1 diabetes and the subsequent development of obesity, or vice versa. Beyond the consequences of the influx of an obesogenic environment, type 1 diabetes-specific biopsychosocial burden further exacerbates obesity. In the course of obesity management discussions, recurring challenges surfaced. The interplay between weight gain and escalating insulin dependence creates a vicious cycle from which patients struggle to break free. In the absence of weight management guidelines and regulatory approval for this population, healthcare professionals must navigate the delicate balance between benefits and risks. The gravity of this circumstance highlights the importance of bringing these topics to the forefront. In this Review, we discuss the changing trends and the biopsychosocial aspects of the intersection between type 1 diabetes and obesity. We highlight the evidence supporting the therapeutic means (i.e., exercise therapy, nutritional therapy, adjunct pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery) and directions for establishing a more robust and safer evidence-based approach.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/therapy ; Bariatric Surgery ; Weight Gain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 752409-2
    ISSN 1476-5497 ; 0307-0565
    ISSN (online) 1476-5497
    ISSN 0307-0565
    DOI 10.1038/s41366-023-01429-8
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    Zs.A 1325: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Response to Paik et al. on the disease burden of NAFLD.

    Chew, Nicholas W S / Ng, Cheng Han / Tan, Darren J H / Huang, Daniel Q / Muthiah, Mark D

    Cell metabolism

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 7, Page(s) 1089–1090

    Abstract: Chew and Ng et al. recently reported on the global burden of metabolic disease by utilizing estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Herein, they respond to critical points highlighted by Paik et al. regarding the limitations of the GBD ... ...

    Abstract Chew and Ng et al. recently reported on the global burden of metabolic disease by utilizing estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Herein, they respond to critical points highlighted by Paik et al. regarding the limitations of the GBD database as well as the definitions employed in the study.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Cost of Illness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2176834-1
    ISSN 1932-7420 ; 1550-4131
    ISSN (online) 1932-7420
    ISSN 1550-4131
    DOI 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.05.012
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  8. Article ; Online: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease population.

    Chew, Nicholas W S / Pan, Xin Hui / Chong, Bryan / Chandramouli, Chanchal / Muthiah, Mark / Lam, Carolyn S P

    Diabetes research and clinical practice

    2024  Volume 211, Page(s) 111652

    Abstract: The metabolic syndrome, characterized by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, collectively increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prominent manifestation, ... ...

    Abstract The metabolic syndrome, characterized by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, collectively increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prominent manifestation, affecting over a third of the global population with a concerning annual increase in prevalence. Nearly 70 % of overweight individuals have NAFLD, and NAFLD-related deaths are predicted to rise, especially among young adults. The association of T2DM and NAFLD has led to the proposal of "metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease" (MASLD) terminology, encompassing individuals with T2DM, overweight/obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, or low HDL-cholesterol. Patients with MASLD will likely have double the risk of developing T2DM, and the combination of insulin resistance, overweight/obesity, and MASLD significantly elevates the risk of T2DM. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality in the MASLD and T2DM population, with MASLD directly associated with coronary artery disease, compounded by coexisting insulin resistance and T2DM. Urgency lies in early detection of subclinical cardiovascular diseases among patients with T2DM and MASLD. Novel strategies targeting multiple pathways offer hope for effectively improving cardiometabolic health. Understanding and addressing the intertwined factors contributing to these disorders can pave the way towards better management and prevention of cardiometabolic complications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632523-3
    ISSN 1872-8227 ; 0168-8227
    ISSN (online) 1872-8227
    ISSN 0168-8227
    DOI 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111652
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  9. Article ; Online: The allergic myocardial infarction dilemma: is it the anaphylaxis or the epinephrine?

    Tan, Pei Zheng / Chew, Nicholas W S / Tay, Sen Hee / Chang, Peter

    Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis

    2021  Volume 52, Issue 3, Page(s) 941–948

    Abstract: We highlight two distinct cases of myocardial infarction occurring concurrently with anaphylaxis at our centre in Singapore. The first case had cardiac symptoms and electrocardiogram changes concomitant with his anaphylaxis presentation, suggestive of ... ...

    Abstract We highlight two distinct cases of myocardial infarction occurring concurrently with anaphylaxis at our centre in Singapore. The first case had cardiac symptoms and electrocardiogram changes concomitant with his anaphylaxis presentation, suggestive of Kounis syndrome, while the second case presented with anaphylaxis and only developed cardiac symptoms and electrocardiogram changes after treatment with intramuscular epinephrine, suggestive of epinephrine-induced myocardial infarction. Both these conditions are uncommon and under-recognised, and we review the current literature to compare the similarities and differences in their clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and management. Kounis syndrome occurs secondary to mast cell degranulation ultimately resulting in coronary vasospasm, platelet activation and inflammatory response, whereas epinephrine causes platelet aggregation. Therefore, treatment priorities of Kounis syndrome are treatment of allergy, treatment of vasospasm, and treatment with anti-platelet therapy and revascularization if coronary plaques are present. For epinephrine-induced myocardial infarction, after epinephrine treatment is discontinued, considerations in management are re-vascularisation or pharmacotherapy. Further research will help with better understanding of both conditions and formulation of clinical management guidelines.
    MeSH term(s) Anaphylaxis/chemically induced ; Electrocardiography ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Kounis Syndrome/drug therapy ; Myocardial Infarction/chemically induced ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Epinephrine (YKH834O4BH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1230645-9
    ISSN 1573-742X ; 0929-5305
    ISSN (online) 1573-742X
    ISSN 0929-5305
    DOI 10.1007/s11239-021-02389-4
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  10. Article ; Online: Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Drug Development Pipeline: An Update.

    Chew, Nicholas W S / Ng, Cheng Han / Truong, Emily / Noureddin, Mazen / Kowdley, Kris V

    Seminars in liver disease

    2022  Volume 42, Issue 3, Page(s) 379–400

    Abstract: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a burgeoning global health crisis that mirrors the obesity pandemic. This global health crisis has stimulated active research to develop novel NASH pharmacotherapies targeting dysregulated inflammatory, cellular ... ...

    Abstract Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a burgeoning global health crisis that mirrors the obesity pandemic. This global health crisis has stimulated active research to develop novel NASH pharmacotherapies targeting dysregulated inflammatory, cellular stress, and fibrogenetic processes that include (1) metabolic pathways to improve insulin sensitivity, de novo lipogenesis, and mitochondrial utilization of fatty acids; (2) cellular injury or inflammatory targets that reduce inflammatory cell recruitment and signaling; (3) liver-gut axis targets that influence bile acid enterohepatic circulation and signaling; and (4) antifibrotic targets. In this review, we summarize several of the therapeutic agents that have been studied in phase 2 and 3 randomized trials. In addition to reviewing novel therapeutic drugs targeting nuclear receptor pathways, liver chemokine receptors, liver lipid metabolism, lipotoxicity or cell death, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, we also discuss the rationale behind the use of combination therapy and the lessons learned from unsuccessful or negative clinical trials.
    MeSH term(s) Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Drug Development ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Bile Acids and Salts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603177-8
    ISSN 1098-8971 ; 0272-8087
    ISSN (online) 1098-8971
    ISSN 0272-8087
    DOI 10.1055/a-1877-9656
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