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  1. Article ; Online: Characterization of different contaminants and current knowledge for defining chemical mixtures in human milk: A review

    Chi, Zhi Hao / Goodyer, Cindy Gates / Hales, Barbara F. / Bayen, Stéphane

    Environment International. 2023 Jan., v. 171 p.107717-

    2023  

    Abstract: Hundreds of xenobiotics, with very diverse origins, have been detected in human milk, including contaminants of emerging concern, personal care products and other current-use substances reflecting lifestyle. The routes of exposure to these chemicals ... ...

    Abstract Hundreds of xenobiotics, with very diverse origins, have been detected in human milk, including contaminants of emerging concern, personal care products and other current-use substances reflecting lifestyle. The routes of exposure to these chemicals include dermal absorption, ingestion and inhalation. Specific families of chemicals are dominant among human milk monitoring studies (e.g., organochlorine pesticides, bisphenol A, dioxins), even though other understudied families may be equally toxicologically relevant (e.g., food-processing chemicals, current-use plasticizers and flame retardants, mycotoxins). Importantly, the lack of reliable human milk monitoring data for some individual chemicals and, especially, for complex mixtures, is a major factor hindering risk assessment. Non-targeted screening can be used as an effective tool to identify unknown contaminants of concern in human milk. This approach, in combination with novel methods to conduct risk assessments on the chemical mixtures detected in human milk, will assist in elucidating exposures that may have adverse effects on the development of breastfeeding infants.
    Keywords bisphenol A ; breast feeding ; breast milk ; chlorinated hydrocarbons ; environment ; food processing ; lifestyle ; mycotoxins ; risk ; risk assessment ; skin absorption ; xenobiotics ; Endocrine disrupting chemicals ; Non-targeted analysis ; Dietary exposure ; Exposome ; Contaminants of emerging concern ; AFs ; BP ; DDE ; DDT ; DON ; FBs ; HAAs ; HBCDD ; HCH ; HpCDD ; HRMS ; HxCDD ; MCPDs ; OCPs ; OPEs ; OPPs ; OTA ; PAHs ; PAPs ; PBDEs ; PCBs ; PCDDs ; PCDFs ; PCN ; PCP ; PCTs ; PeCDD ; PFAS ; PFOA ; PFOS ; PFOSA ; POPs ; PPCPs ; THRMS ; Zen
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107717
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Characterization of different contaminants and current knowledge for defining chemical mixtures in human milk: A review.

    Chi, Zhi Hao / Goodyer, Cindy Gates / Hales, Barbara F / Bayen, Stéphane

    Environment international

    2022  Volume 171, Page(s) 107717

    Abstract: Hundreds of xenobiotics, with very diverse origins, have been detected in human milk, including contaminants of emerging concern, personal care products and other current-use substances reflecting lifestyle. The routes of exposure to these chemicals ... ...

    Abstract Hundreds of xenobiotics, with very diverse origins, have been detected in human milk, including contaminants of emerging concern, personal care products and other current-use substances reflecting lifestyle. The routes of exposure to these chemicals include dermal absorption, ingestion and inhalation. Specific families of chemicals are dominant among human milk monitoring studies (e.g., organochlorine pesticides, bisphenol A, dioxins), even though other understudied families may be equally toxicologically relevant (e.g., food-processing chemicals, current-use plasticizers and flame retardants, mycotoxins). Importantly, the lack of reliable human milk monitoring data for some individual chemicals and, especially, for complex mixtures, is a major factor hindering risk assessment. Non-targeted screening can be used as an effective tool to identify unknown contaminants of concern in human milk. This approach, in combination with novel methods to conduct risk assessments on the chemical mixtures detected in human milk, will assist in elucidating exposures that may have adverse effects on the development of breastfeeding infants.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Female ; Humans ; Milk, Human/chemistry ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Breast Feeding ; Pesticides/toxicity ; Pesticides/analysis ; Risk Assessment
    Chemical Substances Pesticides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107717
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Biomonitoring of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in human milk from South Africa and Canada using a modified QuEChERS extraction method.

    Chi, Zhi Hao / Liu, Lan / Zheng, Jingyun / Tian, Lei / Chevrier, Jonathan / Bornman, Riana / Obida, Muvhulawa / Goodyer, Cynthia Gates / Hales, Barbara F / Bayen, Stéphane

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

    2024  Volume 348, Page(s) 123730

    Abstract: A sensitive modified QuEChERS extraction method was developed to assess the levels of free and conjugated bisphenols (BPs) in human milk collected between 2018 and 2019 from two regions of South Africa (the Limpopo Province Vhembe district, n = 194; ... ...

    Abstract A sensitive modified QuEChERS extraction method was developed to assess the levels of free and conjugated bisphenols (BPs) in human milk collected between 2018 and 2019 from two regions of South Africa (the Limpopo Province Vhembe district, n = 194; Pretoria, n = 193) and Canada (Montreal, n = 207). Total BPA (free and conjugated) and BPS were the predominant bisphenols detected in samples from Vhembe and Pretoria, whereas total BPS was the predominant bisphenol detected in Montreal samples. The levels of total BPA in samples from Vhembe and Pretoria ranged between < MDL-18.61 and <MDL-19.38 ng/mL, with medians of 1.03 ng/mL and 0.69 ng/mL and detection frequencies of 73% and 68%, respectively. The speciation analysis of BPA revealed a predominantly conjugated form in South African samples. In contrast, total BPA was detected in only one milk sample from Montreal. Total BPS levels were lower than BPA in South Africa, with detection frequencies of 57% and 21% in Vhembe and Pretoria, respectively. In contrast, total BPS was the major BP detected (42%) in Montreal (up to 4.42 ng/mL). BPAF was found exclusively in South Africa, with detection frequencies for total BPAF of 40% and 9% in Vhembe (<MDL-12.41 ng/mL) and Pretoria (<MDL-0.11 ng/mL), respectively. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to detect bisphenols in human milk from data-scarce countries such as South Africa and to highlight the notable disparities in the types and levels of bisphenols detected across two distinct countries (Canada and South Africa).<br />
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; South Africa ; Biological Monitoring ; Milk, Human/chemistry ; Benzhydryl Compounds/analysis ; Canada ; Phenols
    Chemical Substances bisphenol A (MLT3645I99) ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Phenols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123730
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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