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  1. Article: Impact of land use and tenure changes on the Kitenden wildlife corridor, Amboseli Ecosystem, Kenya

    Mbane, Joseph O / Chira, Robert M / Mwangi, Evans M

    African journal of ecology. 2019 Sept., v. 57, no. 3

    2019  

    Abstract: This study assesses the ecological pressure exerted by changing land use and tenure on the Kitenden wildlife corridor, a critical cross‐border link between the Amboseli and Kilimanjaro national parks. The implications on viability of the two high‐value ... ...

    Abstract This study assesses the ecological pressure exerted by changing land use and tenure on the Kitenden wildlife corridor, a critical cross‐border link between the Amboseli and Kilimanjaro national parks. The implications on viability of the two high‐value protected areas and their respective dispersal areas are both negative and serious. The extent of land use change and its impacts were assessed through household and vegetation surveys, while wildlife abundance was measured using transect walks. Approximately 30% of the study area has shifted from community to private land ownership over the last two decades. Except for baboon and vervet monkey, most wildlife avoided the cultivated area. Vegetation composition on the noncultivated area has been greatly altered by intense wildlife and livestock use, where mean herbaceous vegetation cover differed significantly among range‐plant categories (F₃, ₅₂₄ = 29.015, p < 0.05). The frequency of increaser I (21.4%) differs greatly from that of decreaser and forbs, at 8.3% and 7.4%, respectively Tree recruitment was low, with a significant difference in mean density among age classes (F₂, ₁₁₀ = 3.663, p < 0.05). Only through land leasing agreements between landowners and conservation organisations, and a widely supported land use plan, can the spread of cultivation be controlled and complete cessation of wildlife movement be prevented.
    Keywords Cercopithecus aethiops ; Papio ; biological corridors ; botanical composition ; cultivation area ; ecosystems ; forbs ; land ownership ; land use change ; land use planning ; livestock ; private lands ; species recruitment ; vegetation cover ; viability ; wildlife ; Kenya
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-09
    Size p. 335-343.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2019879-6
    ISSN 1365-2028 ; 0141-6707
    ISSN (online) 1365-2028
    ISSN 0141-6707
    DOI 10.1111/aje.12611
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Disruption of an ant-plant mutualism shapes interactions between lions and their primary prey.

    Kamaru, Douglas N / Palmer, Todd M / Riginos, Corinna / Ford, Adam T / Belnap, Jayne / Chira, Robert M / Githaiga, John M / Gituku, Benard C / Hays, Brandon R / Kavwele, Cyrus M / Kibungei, Alfred K / Lamb, Clayton T / Maiyo, Nelly J / Milligan, Patrick D / Mutisya, Samuel / Ng'weno, Caroline C / Ogutu, Michael / Pietrek, Alejandro G / Wildt, Brendon T /
    Goheen, Jacob R

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2024  Volume 383, Issue 6681, Page(s) 433–438

    Abstract: Mutualisms often define ecosystems, but they are susceptible to human activities. Combining experiments, animal tracking, and mortality investigations, we show that the invasive big-headed ant ( ...

    Abstract Mutualisms often define ecosystems, but they are susceptible to human activities. Combining experiments, animal tracking, and mortality investigations, we show that the invasive big-headed ant (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ants/physiology ; Elephants ; Equidae ; Lions ; Myrmecophytes ; Symbiosis ; Food Chain ; Buffaloes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.adg1464
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 27: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MG 77: Show issues

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  3. Article: Influence of cattle on browsing and grazing wildlife varies with rainfall and presence of megaherbivores.

    Kimuyu, Duncan M / Veblen, Kari E / Riginos, Corinna / Chira, Robert M / Githaiga, John M / Young, Truman P

    Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America

    2017  Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 786–798

    Abstract: In many savanna ecosystems worldwide, livestock share the landscape and its resources with wildlife. The nature of interactions between livestock and wildlife is a subject of considerable interest and speculation, yet little controlled experimental ... ...

    Abstract In many savanna ecosystems worldwide, livestock share the landscape and its resources with wildlife. The nature of interactions between livestock and wildlife is a subject of considerable interest and speculation, yet little controlled experimental research has been carried out. Since 1995, we have been manipulating the presence and absence of cattle and large mammalian herbivore wildlife in a Kenyan savanna in order to better understand how different herbivore guilds influence habitat use by specific wildlife species. Using dung counts as a relative assay of herbivore use of the different experimental plots, we found that cattle had a range of effects, mostly negative, on common mesoherbivore species, including both grazers and mixed feeders, but did not have significant effects on megaherbivores. The effect of cattle on most of the mesoherbivore species was contingent on both the presence of megaherbivores and rainfall. In the absence of megaherbivores, wild mesoherbivore dung density was 36% lower in plots that they shared with cattle than in plots they used exclusively, whereas in the presence of megaherbivores, wild mesoherbivore dung density was only 9% lower in plots shared with cattle than plots used exclusively. Cattle appeared to have a positive effect on habitat use by zebra (a grazer) and steinbuck (a browser) during wetter periods of the year but a negative effect during drier periods. Plots to which cattle had access had lower grass and forb cover than plots from which they were excluded, while plots to which megaherbivores had access had more grass cover but less forb cover. Grass cover was positively correlated with zebra and oryx dung density while forb cover was positively correlated with eland dung density. Overall these results suggest that interactions between livestock and wildlife are contingent on rainfall and herbivore assemblage and represent a more richly nuanced set of interactions than the longstanding assertion that cattle simply compete with (grazing) wildlife. Specifically, rainfall and megaherbivores seemed to moderate the negative effects of cattle on some mesoherbivore species. Even if cattle tend to reduce wildlife use of the landscape, managing simultaneously for livestock production (at moderate levels) and biodiversity conservation is possible.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Antelopes/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Body Size ; Cattle/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Elephants/physiology ; Giraffes/physiology ; Herbivory ; Kenya ; Population Density ; Rain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1074505-1
    ISSN 1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
    ISSN (online) 1939-5582
    ISSN 1051-0761
    DOI 10.1002/eap.1482
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 5240: Show issues

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  4. Article: Growth response of woody species to elephant foraging in Mwea National Reserve, Kenya

    Chira, Robert M / Kinyamario, J.I

    African journal of ecology. 2009 Dec., v. 47, no. 4

    2009  

    Abstract: The African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is known to greatly affect the structure and dynamics of vegetation. In Mwea National Reserve, elephants foraged mainly on Acacia ataxacantha and Grewia bicolor out of the five most preferred woody species. ... ...

    Abstract The African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is known to greatly affect the structure and dynamics of vegetation. In Mwea National Reserve, elephants foraged mainly on Acacia ataxacantha and Grewia bicolor out of the five most preferred woody species. However, out of the five preferred woody species, only Grewia virosa and G. bicolor showed a positive association between their fresh use and past elephant use. All the five selected woody species showed high coppicing response after foraging, with the highest coppice growth rates recorded for Acacia brevispica and lowest for Grewia tembensis. The mean heights of woody species utilized by elephants were highest for A. brevispica and lowest for G. bicolor. The mean heights of coppices emerging after utilization by elephants were not significantly different for A. ataxacantha but were significantly shorter in the rest of the foraged species. Elephants avoided the coppices of many other woody species notably C. africana, A. tortilis, A. mellifera, Combretum aculeatum among others in the reserve. The objective of this study was to understand the capacity of woody species to recover after utilization by elephants and feeding response of elephants to new woody species re-growth; a cycle that would define the dynamics of food resources and elephant population within the reserve.
    Keywords Acacia ; Elephantidae ; forage
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2009-12
    Size p. 598-605.
    Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Publishing place Oxford, UK
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2019879-6
    ISSN 1365-2028 ; 0141-6707
    ISSN (online) 1365-2028
    ISSN 0141-6707
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01031.x
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  5. Article: The impact of elephants, Loxodonta africana, on woody vegetation through selective debarking in Samburu and Buffalo Springs National Reserves, Kenya

    Ihwagi, Festus W / Vollrath, Fritz / Chira, Robert M / Douglas-Hamilton, Iain / Kironchi, Geoffrey

    African journal of ecology. 2010 Mar., v. 48, no. 1

    2010  

    Abstract: The impact of elephants on the woody plant community through debarking was investigated in Samburu and Buffalo Springs National Reserves, Kenya. Acacia elatior Brenan, the most abundant tree species in the riverine zone, accounted for 68% (n = 1375) of ... ...

    Abstract The impact of elephants on the woody plant community through debarking was investigated in Samburu and Buffalo Springs National Reserves, Kenya. Acacia elatior Brenan, the most abundant tree species in the riverine zone, accounted for 68% (n = 1375) of woody plants. A. tortilis (Forsskal) Hayne dominated plots away from the river. Debarking incidences were significantly higher for A. elatior than for other species indicating selective utilization. The riverine zone by virtue of having more trees of the preferred species, A. elatior, had the highest debarking incidences. Presence of very few saplings along the river is attributed to both elephant trampling and herbivory by other species. An estimated 38.5% and 22.5% of the riverine A. elatior and A. tortilis trees respectively, were bound to die within the next 4-5 years because of severe debarking, ≥75% of bark circumference. Debarking was positively correlated with stem circumference; the medium-sized trees being the worst affected by the elephants' selective debarking behaviour. Intense debarking incidences were recorded during the dry season. Through the elephants' selective debarking, the riverine habitat is bound to open up gradually, leading to considerable habitat change in the near future. Elephant impact on vegetation is less away from the river and increases with their densities.
    Keywords Elephantidae ; woody plants
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2010-03
    Size p. 87-95.
    Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Publishing place Oxford, UK
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2019879-6
    ISSN 1365-2028 ; 0141-6707
    ISSN (online) 1365-2028
    ISSN 0141-6707
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01089.x
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