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  1. Article ; Online: Microbial thermogenesis is dependent on ATP concentrations and the protein kinases ArcB, GlnL, and YccC.

    Dhatt, Puneet Singh / Chiu, Stephen / Moon, Tae Seok

    PLoS biology

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 10, Page(s) e3002180

    Abstract: Organisms necessarily release heat energy in their pursuit of survival. This process is known as cellular thermogenesis and is implicated in many processes from cancer metabolism to spontaneous farm fires. However, the molecular basis for this ... ...

    Abstract Organisms necessarily release heat energy in their pursuit of survival. This process is known as cellular thermogenesis and is implicated in many processes from cancer metabolism to spontaneous farm fires. However, the molecular basis for this fundamental phenomenon is yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that the major players involved in the cellular thermogenesis of Escherichia coli are the protein kinases ArcB, GlnL, and YccC. We also reveal the substrate-level control of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-driven autophosphorylation that governs cellular thermogenesis. Specifically, through live cell microcalorimetry, we find these regulatory proteins, when knocked out in a model E. coli strain, dysregulate cellular thermogenesis. This dysregulation can be seen in an average 25% or greater increase in heat output by these cells. We also discover that both heat output and intracellular ATP levels are maximal during the late log phase of growth. Additionally, we show that microbial thermogenesis can be engineered through overexpressing glnL. Our results demonstrate a correlation between ATP concentrations in the cell and a cell's ability to generate excess heat. We expect this work to be the foundation for engineering thermogenically tuned organisms for a variety of applications.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Thermogenesis/physiology
    Chemical Substances Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2126776-5
    ISSN 1545-7885 ; 1544-9173
    ISSN (online) 1545-7885
    ISSN 1544-9173
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002180
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Expanding the Lung Donor Pool and Improving Outcomes: Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion.

    Chiu, Stephen / Mills, Sara E A / Bharat, Ankit

    JAMA surgery

    2019  Volume 154, Issue 12, Page(s) 1151

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lung ; Lung Transplantation ; Tissue Donors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2701841-6
    ISSN 2168-6262 ; 2168-6254
    ISSN (online) 2168-6262
    ISSN 2168-6254
    DOI 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.4080
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Role of monocytes and macrophages in regulating immune response following lung transplantation.

    Chiu, Stephen / Bharat, Ankit

    Current opinion in organ transplantation

    2016  Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 239–245

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Advances in the field of monocyte and macrophage biology have dramatically changed our understanding of their role during homeostasis and inflammation. Here we review the role of these important innate immune effectors in the lung ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Advances in the field of monocyte and macrophage biology have dramatically changed our understanding of their role during homeostasis and inflammation. Here we review the role of these important innate immune effectors in the lung during inflammatory challenges including lung transplantation.
    Recent findings: Neutrophil extravasation into lung tissue and the alveolar space have been shown to be pathogenic during acute lung injury as well as primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation. Recent advances in lung immunology have demonstrated the remarkable plasticity of both monocytes and macrophages and demonstrated their importance as mediators of neutrophil recruitment and transendothelial migration during inflammation.
    Summary: Monocytes and macrophages are emerging as key players in mediating both the pathogen response and sterile lung inflammation, including that arising from barotrauma and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ongoing studies will establish the mechanisms by which these monocytes and macrophages initiate a variety of immune response that lay the fundamental basis of injury response in the lung.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation/methods ; Macrophages/immunology ; Monocytes/immunology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1390429-2
    ISSN 1531-7013 ; 1087-2418
    ISSN (online) 1531-7013
    ISSN 1087-2418
    DOI 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000313
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Implementation of a direct-to-operating room aortic emergency transfer program: Expedited management of type A aortic dissection.

    Mehta, Christopher K / Chiu, Stephen / Hoel, Andrew W / Vassallo, Patricia / Whippo, Beth / Andrei, Adin Cristian / Schmidt, Michael J / Pham, Duc Thinh / Johnston, Douglas R / Churyla, Andrei / Malaisrie, S Chris

    The American journal of emergency medicine

    2023  Volume 70, Page(s) 113–118

    Abstract: Introduction: Type A Aortic Dissection (TAAD) is a surgical emergency with a time-dependent rate of mortality. We hypothesized that a direct-to-operating room (DOR) transfer program for patients with TAAD would reduce time to intervention.: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Type A Aortic Dissection (TAAD) is a surgical emergency with a time-dependent rate of mortality. We hypothesized that a direct-to-operating room (DOR) transfer program for patients with TAAD would reduce time to intervention.
    Methods: A DOR program was started at an urban tertiary care hospital in February 2020. We performed a retrospective study of adult patients undergoing treatment for TAAD before (n = 42) and after (n = 84) implementation of DOR. Expected mortality was calculated using the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection risk prediction model.
    Results: Median time from acceptance of transfer from emergency physician to operating room arrival was 1.37 h (82 min) faster in DOR compared to pre-DOR (1.93 h vs 3.30 h, p < 0.001). Median time from arrival to operating room was 1.14 h (72 min) faster after DOR compared to pre-DOR (0.17 h vs 1.31 h, p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was 16.2% in pre-DOR, with an observed-to-expected (O/E) ratio of 1.03 (p = 0.24) and 12.0% in the DOR group, with an O/E ratio of 0.59 (p < 0.001).
    Conclusion: Creation of a DOR program resulted in decreased time to intervention. This was associated with a decrease in observed-to-expected operative mortality. The transfer of patients with acute type A aortic dissection to centers with direct-to-OR programs may result in decreased time from diagnosis to surgery.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Operating Rooms ; Retrospective Studies ; Aortic Dissection/surgery ; Aorta/surgery ; Hospital Mortality ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxyglucopyranose (80321-89-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605890-5
    ISSN 1532-8171 ; 0735-6757
    ISSN (online) 1532-8171
    ISSN 0735-6757
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.05.036
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Differences in referral to a chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension center following acute pulmonary embolism: a locoregional experience.

    Mylvaganam, Ruben / Lawrence, Romy / Goldberg, Isaac / Rahaghi, Farbod / Chiu, Stephen / Malaisrie, S Christopher / Schimmel, Daniel / Avery, Ryan / Martin, Karlyn / Cuttica, Michael J

    Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis

    2023  Volume 55, Issue 4, Page(s) 691–699

    Abstract: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a treatable complication of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Identification of factors that impact referral to a comprehensive CTEPH center may improve disease awareness and patient outcomes. We ... ...

    Abstract Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a treatable complication of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Identification of factors that impact referral to a comprehensive CTEPH center may improve disease awareness and patient outcomes. We conducted a study of patients with acute PE. Cases were identified through a natural language processing algorithm. ICD coding was used to assess clinical documentation for dyspnea or CTEPH placed at least 90 days after their acute PE diagnosis. We analyzed characteristics of patients who were referred vs. not referred, as well as referral patterns for "at risk" patients. 2454 patients with acute PE were identified, of which 4.9% (120/2454) were referred for CTEPH evaluation. Patients who were not referred were older (61 vs. 54 years, p < 0.001), had higher rates of cancer (28% vs. 10%, p < 0.001), and lived further from the referral center (9.1 miles vs. 6.7 miles, p = 0.03). Of 175 patients identified as "at risk," 12% (21/175) were referred. In the 'at risk' cohort, distance from referral center among referred and not referred was significant (5.7 miles vs. 8.8 miles, p = 0.04). There were low rates of referral to CTEPH center in post-PE patients, and in patients with symptoms who may be at higher risk of CTEPH. Age, co-morbid conditions, distance from comprehensive center, and presence of a primary care provider contribute to differences in referral to a comprehensive CTEPH center. Clinician education about CTEPH is important to ensure optimal care to patients with or at risk for chronic complications of acute PE.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology ; Pulmonary Embolism/complications ; Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis ; Pulmonary Embolism/therapy ; Acute Disease ; Neoplasms/complications ; Referral and Consultation ; Chronic Disease
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1230645-9
    ISSN 1573-742X ; 0929-5305
    ISSN (online) 1573-742X
    ISSN 0929-5305
    DOI 10.1007/s11239-023-02781-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The Mediating Role of Different Types of Parental Support in the Social Disparity of Hope in Young Adulthood.

    Sui-Chu Ho, Esther / Chiu, Stephen Wing-Kai / Sum, Kwok-Wing / Cheung, Charis Wing-Shan / Lee, Thomas Sze-Kit

    Journal of youth and adolescence

    2021  Volume 50, Issue 7, Page(s) 1437–1449

    Abstract: Research has shown hope to be associated with a person's well-being, but how it is affected by family factors is unclear. This study investigates whether family socio-economic status (SES) affects young adults' hope, and to what extent and how different ... ...

    Abstract Research has shown hope to be associated with a person's well-being, but how it is affected by family factors is unclear. This study investigates whether family socio-economic status (SES) affects young adults' hope, and to what extent and how different types of parental support mediate this social disparity. The data is collected from a sample of Hong Kong youth (N = 760; 54.6% girls) which participated in a 7-year longitudinal study during age 15-22. The results from multiple regression models indicate that family SES significantly predicts hope. However, cultural and academic communication and career encouragement from parents in early years, and current parental emotional support fully mediate the relationship between family SES and hope, with parental emotional support being the strongest mediator. Implications for hope theory, practices for nurturing hope and further research are discussed to suggest possible actions.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hong Kong ; Hope ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Parents ; Social Class ; Social Support ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 186743-x
    ISSN 1573-6601 ; 0047-2891
    ISSN (online) 1573-6601
    ISSN 0047-2891
    DOI 10.1007/s10964-021-01409-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Lung Interstitial Macrophages: Establishing Identity and Uncovering Heterogeneity.

    Koch, Clarissa M / Chiu, Stephen F / Misharin, Alexander V / Ridge, Karen M

    American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology

    2017  Volume 57, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–9

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1025960-0
    ISSN 1535-4989 ; 1044-1549
    ISSN (online) 1535-4989
    ISSN 1044-1549
    DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0150ED
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: CD11b suppresses TLR activation of nonclassical monocytes to reduce primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation.

    Querrey, Melissa / Chiu, Stephen / Lecuona, Emilia / Wu, Qiang / Sun, Haiying / Anderson, Megan / Kelly, Megan / Ravi, Sowmya / Misharin, Alexander V / Kreisel, Daniel / Bharat, Ankit / Budinger, G R Scott

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2022  Volume 132, Issue 14

    Abstract: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of postoperative mortality in lung transplant recipients and the most important risk factor for development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. The mechanistic basis for the variability in the ... ...

    Abstract Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of postoperative mortality in lung transplant recipients and the most important risk factor for development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. The mechanistic basis for the variability in the incidence and severity of PGD between lung transplant recipients is not known. Using a murine orthotopic vascularized lung transplant model, we found that redundant activation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and -4) on nonclassical monocytes activates MyD88, inducing the release of the neutrophil attractant chemokine CXCL2. Deletion of Itgam (encodes CD11b) in nonclassical monocytes enhanced their production of CXCL2 and worsened PGD, while a CD11b agonist, leukadherin-1, administered only to the donor lung prior to lung transplantation, abrogated CXCL2 production and PGD. The damage-associated molecular pattern molecule HMGB1 was increased in peripheral blood samples from patients undergoing lung transplantation after reperfusion and induced CXCL2 production in nonclassical monocytes via TLR4/MyD88. An inhibitor of HMGB1 administered to the donor and recipient prior to lung transplantation attenuated PGD. Our findings suggest that CD11b acts as a molecular brake to prevent neutrophil recruitment by nonclassical monocytes following lung transplantation, revealing an attractive therapeutic target in the donor lung to prevent PGD in lung transplant recipients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; HMGB1 Protein ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation/adverse effects ; Mice ; Monocytes ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; Primary Graft Dysfunction/genetics ; Primary Graft Dysfunction/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances HMGB1 Protein ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI157262
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Courtesy Authorship in Academic Surgery Publications.

    McClellan, John M / Mansukhani, Neel / Moe, Donald / Derickson, Michael / Chiu, Stephen / Kibbe, Melina R / Martin, Matthew J

    JAMA surgery

    2019  Volume 154, Issue 12, Page(s) 1110–1116

    Abstract: Importance: Courtesy authorship is defined as including an individual who has not met authorship criteria as an author. Although most journals follow strict authorship criteria, the current incidence of courtesy authorship is unknown.: Objective: To ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Courtesy authorship is defined as including an individual who has not met authorship criteria as an author. Although most journals follow strict authorship criteria, the current incidence of courtesy authorship is unknown.
    Objective: To assess the practices related to courtesy authorship in surgical journals and academia.
    Design, setting, and participants: A survey was conducted from July 15 to October 27, 2017, of the first authors and senior authors of original articles, reviews, and clinical trials published between 2014 and 2015 in 8 surgical journals categorized as having a high or low impact factor.
    Main outcomes and measures: The prevalence of courtesy authorship overall and among subgroups of authors in high impact factor journals and low impact factor journals and among first authors and senior authors, as well as author opinions regarding courtesy authorship.
    Results: A total of 203 first authors and 254 senior authors responded (of 369 respondents who provided data on sex, 271 were men and 98 were women), with most being in academic programs (first authors, 116 of 168 [69.0%]; senior authors, 173 of 202 [85.6%]). A total of 17.2% of respondents (42 of 244) reported adding courtesy authors for the surveyed publications: 20.4% by first authors (32 of 157) and 11.5% by senior authors (10 of 87), but 53.7% (131 of 244) reported adding courtesy authorship on prior publications and 33.2% (81 of 244) had been added as a courtesy author in the past. Although 45 of 85 senior authors (52.9%) thought that courtesy authorship has decreased, 93 of 144 first authors (64.6%) thought that courtesy authorship has not changed or had increased (P = .03). There was no difference in the incidence of courtesy authorship for low vs high impact factor journals. Both first authors (29 of 149 [19.5%]) and senior authors (19 of 85 [22.4%]) reported pressures to add courtesy authorship, but external pressure was greater for low impact factor journals than for high impact factor journals (77 of 166 [46.4%] vs 60 of 167 [35.9%]; P = .04). More authors in low impact factor journals than in high impact factor journals thought that courtesy authorship was less harmful to academia (55 of 114 [48.2%] vs 34 of 117 [29.1%]). Overall, senior authors reported more positive outcomes with courtesy authorship (eg, improved morale and avoided author conflicts) than did first authors.
    Conclusions and relevance: Courtesy authorship use is common by both first and senior authors in low impact factor journals and high impact factor journals. There are different perceptions, practices, and pressures to include courtesy authorship for first and senior authors. Understanding these issues will lead to better education to eliminate this practice.
    MeSH term(s) Authorship/standards ; Humans ; Periodicals as Topic ; Publishing ; Surgical Procedures, Operative
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2701841-6
    ISSN 2168-6262 ; 2168-6254
    ISSN (online) 2168-6262
    ISSN 2168-6254
    DOI 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.3140
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Nonclassical Monocytes Promote Edema in Lung Allografts from Traumatic Brain Injury Donors.

    Yang, Wenbin / Chiu, Stephen / Querrey, Melissa / Liu, Xianpeng / Wu, Qiang / Cerier, Emily / Islam, Mecca B A R / Schwulst, Steven J / Budinger, G R Scott / Mohanakumar, Thalachallour / Lecuona, Emilia / Bharat, Ankit

    American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology

    2021  Volume 64, Issue 3, Page(s) 391–394

    MeSH term(s) Allografts/pathology ; Animals ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications ; Edema/pathology ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation/adverse effects ; Mice ; Monocytes/pathology ; Tissue Donors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1025960-0
    ISSN 1535-4989 ; 1044-1549
    ISSN (online) 1535-4989
    ISSN 1044-1549
    DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0137LE
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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