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  1. Article ; Online: A provisional evaluation of Australia's medical cannabis program.

    Graham, Myfanwy / Chiu, Vivian / Stjepanović, Daniel / Hall, Wayne

    The International journal on drug policy

    2023  Volume 122, Page(s) 104210

    Abstract: In 2016, the Australian Government legislated to allow cannabis to be prescribed to patients as an unapproved medicine under the special access provisions of the Therapeutic Goods Act. This paper compares the Australian regulatory approach with other ... ...

    Abstract In 2016, the Australian Government legislated to allow cannabis to be prescribed to patients as an unapproved medicine under the special access provisions of the Therapeutic Goods Act. This paper compares the Australian regulatory approach with other national approaches, outlines the main provisions of the Special Access Scheme for medical cannabis, describes how the program has evolved since 2017, includes an analysis of adverse events reported to the Therapeutic Goods Administration, and discusses the barriers that remain for patients who wish to access medical cannabis. It assesses how well the Australian program has addressed the challenges of providing patients with easier access to medical cannabis while ensuring that high-quality products are used safely and effectively under medical guidance.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Medical Marijuana/adverse effects ; Australia ; Cannabis ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Government
    Chemical Substances Medical Marijuana ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010000-0
    ISSN 1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
    ISSN (online) 1873-4758
    ISSN 0955-3959
    DOI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104210
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Was New Zealand's referendum to legalise cannabis premature?

    Chiu, Vivian / Hall, Wayne

    Drug and alcohol review

    2021  Volume 40, Issue 6, Page(s) 882–883

    MeSH term(s) Cannabis ; Hallucinogens ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; New Zealand
    Chemical Substances Hallucinogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-18
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1080442-0
    ISSN 1465-3362 ; 0959-5236
    ISSN (online) 1465-3362
    ISSN 0959-5236
    DOI 10.1111/dar.13301
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A Systematic Review of Trends in US Attitudes toward Cannabis Legalization.

    Chiu, Vivian / Hall, Wayne / Chan, Gary / Hides, Leanne / Leung, Janni

    Substance use & misuse

    2022  Volume 57, Issue 7, Page(s) 1052–1061

    Abstract: Methods: A systematic search was conducted for publications in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO up to October 2019. Six studies with a regionally or nationally representative adult US-based populations were included. A secondary analysis was conducted using ...

    Abstract Methods: A systematic search was conducted for publications in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO up to October 2019. Six studies with a regionally or nationally representative adult US-based populations were included. A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Hierarchical age-period-cohort analysis assessed the trends in perceived harmfulness and availability of cannabis between 1996 and 2018. Ecological comparisons were made between these perceptions and support for cannabis legalization over time.
    Results: A steep growth in support for cannabis legalization began in the 1990s and continued to grow in a relatively linear manner. Most people developed more liberal views, with no evidence that changes within any one sociodemographic group was disproportionately responsible for the overall attitudinal change. Increases in the proportion of people who use cannabis, non-religious population and political liberalism may partially explain the increased support for legalization. The decline in perceived harmfulness of cannabis, as reflected in the media, may have contributed to the increased support for legalization. However, perceptions of the availability of cannabis remained stable despite significant relaxations in cannabis regulations.
    Conclusions: The US population has become more accepting of cannabis legalization. The attitudinal change is related to changes in the perceived risks and benefits of cannabis use, influenced by broader political and cultural changes over the study period.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Attitude ; Cannabis ; Hallucinogens ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Substance-Related Disorders
    Chemical Substances Hallucinogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1310358-1
    ISSN 1532-2491 ; 1082-6084
    ISSN (online) 1532-2491
    ISSN 1082-6084
    DOI 10.1080/10826084.2022.2063893
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  4. Article ; Online: Trends in cannabis use intention around the period of cannabis legalisation in Australia: An age-period-cohort model.

    Chiu, Vivian / Chan, Gary / Hall, Wayne / Hides, Leanne / Leung, Janni

    Drug and alcohol review

    2022  Volume 42, Issue 2, Page(s) 337–345

    Abstract: Introduction: This study examines age, time period and birth cohort trends in cannabis use intention and weekly use in Australia over a period in which medicinal cannabis was legalised.: Methods: Hierarchical age-period-cohort models were used to ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: This study examines age, time period and birth cohort trends in cannabis use intention and weekly use in Australia over a period in which medicinal cannabis was legalised.
    Methods: Hierarchical age-period-cohort models were used to analyse the National Drug Strategy Household Survey between 2001 and 2019, including 158,395 participants aged 18-79 years.
    Results: The hierarchical age-period-cohort model demonstrated a decrease in likelihood of intending to try cannabis as age increases. Similar age effects were found in intending to use cannabis as often or less often. There was broad-based shift in attitudes for people wanting to try cannabis (2007: b = -0.51 [-0.82, -0.21]; 2019: b = 0.68 [0.38, 0.98]) or use cannabis more often (2007: b = -0.15 [-0.50, 0.20]; 2019: b = 0.83 [0.49, 1.18]). The population trend of weekly cannabis use decreased in the earlier periods but increased since 2013 (b = -0.13 [-0.25, -0.02] vs 2019: b = 0.06 [-0.09, 0.20]). This suggests that legalisation would increase uptake of cannabis and consumption among current consumers. There were distinctive inter-generation variations: people born between 1950s and 1960s had more liberal views towards cannabis use than people born before or after (p < 0.05). There were indications that young people born in the 1990 s are catching up with the baby boomers in using cannabis more often if it was legal.
    Discussion and conclusions: There has been a population-based shift in Australia in favourable attitudes towards cannabis use, more so among those born in the 1950s to 1960s than other generations. Liberal attitudes and more frequent cannabis use may put certain cohorts at higher risks of cannabis dependence and related harms.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Cannabis ; Intention ; Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology ; Medical Marijuana ; Hallucinogens
    Chemical Substances Medical Marijuana ; Hallucinogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-29
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1080442-0
    ISSN 1465-3362 ; 0959-5236
    ISSN (online) 1465-3362
    ISSN 0959-5236
    DOI 10.1111/dar.13578
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  5. Article ; Online: "Managing emotion": Open label trial and waitlist controlled trial of an emotion regulation program for university students.

    Hasking, Penelope / Chen, Nigel T M / Chiu, Vivian / Gray, Nicole / Gross, James J / Boyes, Mark

    Journal of American college health : J of ACH

    2023  , Page(s) 1–11

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604907-2
    ISSN 1940-3208 ; 0744-8481
    ISSN (online) 1940-3208
    ISSN 0744-8481
    DOI 10.1080/07448481.2022.2155468
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  6. Article ; Online: Prevalence and correlates of positive parental attitudes towards cannabis use and use intention in Australia during 2016 and 2019.

    Chiu, Vivian / Dawson, Danielle / Chan, Gary / Hall, Wayne / Hides, Leanne / Leung, Janni

    Addictive behaviors

    2023  Volume 150, Page(s) 107917

    Abstract: Introduction: With recent policy changes around medicinal cannabis in Australia, there is concern about the influence of changing norms of cannabis use on adults who are actively parenting.: Methods: This repeated cross-sectional population study ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: With recent policy changes around medicinal cannabis in Australia, there is concern about the influence of changing norms of cannabis use on adults who are actively parenting.
    Methods: This repeated cross-sectional population study used National and Drug Strategy and Household Surveys to estimate the changes and correlates of cannabis-related attitudes (support of legalisation, approve of regular use, would try or use if legal) among Australian parents from 2016 to 2019.
    Results: The estimated proportion of parents who supported legalisation and approved regular cannabis use increased significantly. Parents who would try cannabis if it was legal grew from 5.9% (95 %CI: 5.2, 6.7) to 8.1% (95 %CI: 7.2, 9.0). Parents who said they would use cannabis more often increased from 1.6 (95 % CI: 1.2, 1.9) to 2.9 (95 %CI: 2.4, 3.4), an 81% jump in the three years. The strongest associations were observed between a very high level of psychological distress and regular smoking and drinking. For example, people with a very high level of psychological distress were 2.16 times (95 %CI: 1.42, 3.28) and 2.48 times (95 %CI: 1.61, 3.83) more likely to approve legalisation and regular cannabis use, respectively. Daily drinking was associated with higher odds of trying cannabis (OR = 1.66; CI: 1.25-2.20).
    Discussion and conclusion: The proportion of parents who would try or use cannabis more often represents a sizeable pool of potential new and frequent users. This highlights the need for education and intervention strategies for parents who use cannabis and care for young children. The associations between mental health and substance use suggest that more research is needed to understand the impact of legalisation on vulnerable groups.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Cannabis ; Intention ; Smoking ; Prevalence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Australia/epidemiology ; Hallucinogens ; Parents
    Chemical Substances Hallucinogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 197618-7
    ISSN 1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
    ISSN (online) 1873-6327
    ISSN 0306-4603
    DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107917
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  7. Article ; Online: Public health impacts to date of the legalisation of medical and recreational cannabis use in the USA.

    Chiu, Vivian / Leung, Janni / Hall, Wayne / Stjepanović, Daniel / Degenhardt, Louisa

    Neuropharmacology

    2021  Volume 193, Page(s) 108610

    Abstract: The legality of cannabis use has been changing in a number of jurisdictions around the world. In the U.S., it has been legalised for medicinal and/or recreational uses in 34 jurisdictions and counting. This study leverages the decades-long experience of ... ...

    Abstract The legality of cannabis use has been changing in a number of jurisdictions around the world. In the U.S., it has been legalised for medicinal and/or recreational uses in 34 jurisdictions and counting. This study leverages the decades-long experience of legalisation in the U.S. to provide an overview of the associated changes in public attitudes, cannabis markets and adverse health effects. We found a broad-based warming of public attitudes toward legalisation, potentially influenced by the increasingly positive portrayal of cannabis in media and declines in cannabis risk perceptions. Potency of cannabis products increased significantly while prices fell sharply. Although adults were less responsive to price changes than adolescents, adults who use cannabis regularly were sensitive to prices, with an estimated 10% price reduction leading to about 2.5% increase in the rate of use. Overall, past-year cannabis use has increased in adults since 2002, and adults over 26 years old who resided in states with medicinal cannabis laws were more likely to have used cannabis in the past 30 days, to have used daily, and to have higher rates of cannabis use disorders than adults who resided in states without legalised medicinal cannabis. Traffic fatalities involving cannabis temporarily increased in some states post-legalisation, and there were more presentations to medical services related to chronic regular cannabis use. There is suggestive evidence that adverse health consequences have increased among people who use cannabis regularly since legalisation. More robust research is needed to determine whether these effects of legalisation are temporary or long-term.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Cannabis/adverse effects ; Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug/economics ; Legislation, Drug/trends ; Medical Marijuana ; Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence ; Public Opinion ; Recreational Drug Use/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Chemical Substances Medical Marijuana
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 218272-5
    ISSN 1873-7064 ; 0028-3908
    ISSN (online) 1873-7064
    ISSN 0028-3908
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108610
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  8. Article ; Online: Pathways from Men's Shed engagement to wellbeing, health-related quality of life, and lower loneliness.

    McEvoy, Peter M / Holmes, Kirsten / Smith, Brendan J / Bullen, Jonathan / Chiu, Vivian W / Wild, James / Ashley, Jaxon / Talbot, Rebecca

    Health promotion international

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 4

    Abstract: Extensive qualitative evidence, but limited quantitative evidence, indicates that mutual aid organizations such as Men's Sheds have positive impacts on wellbeing, health-related quality of life, and loneliness. A recently developed theoretical model ... ...

    Abstract Extensive qualitative evidence, but limited quantitative evidence, indicates that mutual aid organizations such as Men's Sheds have positive impacts on wellbeing, health-related quality of life, and loneliness. A recently developed theoretical model proposes that Men's Sheds may have these impacts via mediating factors such as broadening social networks, increasing behavioural activation and physical activity, reducing alcohol use, and providing meaning in life. The aim of this study was to quantitatively test a model whereby psychological safety (feeling safe, accepted, and valued) is associated with Men's Shed engagement (frequency of attendance, duration of membership, diversity of activities), which is associated with the hypothesized mediators, which, in turn, are associated with wellbeing, health-related quality of life, and loneliness. Men's Shed members (N = 333, Mage = 70.90 years, SD = 10.34, 98% male) completed a survey assessing the factors in the model. The hypothesized path model provided an excellent fit to the data. Findings indicated that higher psychological safety was associated with higher engagement, which, in turn, was associated with larger social networks and more meaning in life, which were associated with higher wellbeing and lower loneliness. Higher behavioural activation and less alcohol use were also associated with higher wellbeing. Higher Men's Shed engagement was not associated with higher behavioural activation and physical activity, or less alcohol use, but behavioural activation and alcohol use were directly associated with health-related quality of life. Implications for optimizing health outcomes within Men's Sheds are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Quality of Life ; Loneliness ; Health Promotion ; Men's Health ; Exercise
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1027448-0
    ISSN 1460-2245 ; 0957-4824
    ISSN (online) 1460-2245
    ISSN 0957-4824
    DOI 10.1093/heapro/daad084
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  9. Article ; Online: Economic evaluation of exercise interventions for individuals with cancer: A systematic review.

    Wang, Yufan / McCarthy, Alexandra L / Hayes, Sandra C / Gordon, Louisa G / Chiu, Vivian / Bailey, Tom G / Stewart, Elizabeth / Tuffaha, Haitham

    Preventive medicine

    2023  Volume 172, Page(s) 107491

    Abstract: While there is good evidence that exercise is an effective adjunct therapy to cancer care, little is known about its value for money. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the available evidence pertaining to the cost-effectiveness of exercise ... ...

    Abstract While there is good evidence that exercise is an effective adjunct therapy to cancer care, little is known about its value for money. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the available evidence pertaining to the cost-effectiveness of exercise interventions following cancer. A search of eight online databases (CINAHL, the Cochrane Library (NHSEED), Econlit, Embase, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, Web of science) was first conducted on 26 March 2021 and updated on 8 March 2022. Only economic evaluations with results in the form of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were included. The Consolidated Health Economics Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) was used to appraise the quality of reporting in the studies. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Sixteen studies comprising seven (44%) cost-utility analyses (CUA), one (6%) cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) and eight (50%) combined CUA and CEA were identified. These studies explored exercise in five cancer types (breast, colon, lung, prostate, and blood), with half (50%) in breast cancer. Seven studies (44%) adopted societal perspectives. Exercise interventions were found to be cost-effective in five of ten (50%) trial-based economic evaluations and in five of the six (83%) model-based economic evaluations. Most exercise interventions included were supervised, while close supervision and individualized exercise sessions incurred higher costs. Exercise interventions in cancer care are cost-effective for various cancer types despite considerable heterogeneity in exercise delivery and the type of analysis used for economic evaluation. There is clear value in using decision-analytic modelling to account for the long-term benefits of exercise in cancer care.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ; Exercise ; Exercise Therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 184600-0
    ISSN 1096-0260 ; 0091-7435
    ISSN (online) 1096-0260
    ISSN 0091-7435
    DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107491
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  10. Article ; Online: Participation in Australian drug treatment programs for individuals engaging in high-risk substance use: Data from a nationally representative sample.

    Leung, Janni / Yimer, Tesfa Mekonen / Chiu, Vivian / Hall, Wayne D / Connor, Jason P / Chan, Gary Chung Kai

    Drug and alcohol review

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 688–693

    Abstract: Introduction: Substance use, including drugs, alcohol and smoking have a significant health, social and economic impact. We aim to assess the rate and factors associated with treatment access among individuals with high-risk substance use.: Method: ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Substance use, including drugs, alcohol and smoking have a significant health, social and economic impact. We aim to assess the rate and factors associated with treatment access among individuals with high-risk substance use.
    Method: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the 2019 Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey (N = 22,015). Participants were persons with high-risk substance use based on the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test-Lite (ASSIST-Lite) and current smokers. We measured self-reports of past 12-month engagement in a tobacco, alcohol or other drugs treatment program.
    Results: Overall, 0.4% had high-risk drug use (0.3% cannabis, 0.1% meth/amphetamine or 0.1% opioids), 7.4% had high-risk alcohol use, and 14.0% currently smoked. Among high-risk users, past 12-month treatment access rates were 50.6% [22.3-78.9%] for opioids, 27.1% [8.1-46.1%] for meth/amphetamine, 14.5% [4.3-24.7%] for cannabis, 9.6% [8.1-11.0%] for alcohol and 11.7% [10.6-12.9%] for current smoking. The primary source of treatment support was information and education (12.7% drugs, 4.6% alcohol, 4.0% smoking), followed by counselling (6.7% drugs, 4.5% alcohol, 3.0% smoking). Online or internet support was accessed by 5.9% (drug) and 1.6% (alcohol) people with high-risk use. Psychological distress was associated with treatment access (drugs: odds ratio 3.03 [0.77-11.95], p = 0.111; alcohol: odds ratio 3.16 [2.20-4.56], p ≤ 0.001; smoking: odds ratio 1.95 [1.52-2.49], p ≤ 0.001).
    Discussion and conclusions: The proportion of people engaging in risky substance use who had used treatment programs remains low, especially for alcohol. Public health strategies to scale up treatment access are warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Amphetamine ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Australia/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hallucinogens ; Methamphetamine ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Risk-Taking
    Chemical Substances Amphetamine (CK833KGX7E) ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Hallucinogens ; Methamphetamine (44RAL3456C)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-12
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1080442-0
    ISSN 1465-3362 ; 0959-5236
    ISSN (online) 1465-3362
    ISSN 0959-5236
    DOI 10.1111/dar.13792
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