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  1. Article ; Online: Age of Flexible Electronics: Emerging Trends in Soft Multifunctional Sensors.

    Lee, Jeng-Hun / Cho, Kilwon / Kim, Jang-Kyo

    Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

    2024  Volume 36, Issue 16, Page(s) e2310505

    Abstract: With the commercialization of first-generation flexible mobiles and displays in the late 2010s, humanity has stepped into the age of flexible electronics. Inevitably, soft multifunctional sensors, as essential components of next-generation flexible ... ...

    Abstract With the commercialization of first-generation flexible mobiles and displays in the late 2010s, humanity has stepped into the age of flexible electronics. Inevitably, soft multifunctional sensors, as essential components of next-generation flexible electronics, have attracted tremendous research interest like never before. This review is dedicated to offering an overview of the latest emerging trends in soft multifunctional sensors and their accordant future research and development (R&D) directions for the coming decade. First, key characteristics and the predominant target stimuli for soft multifunctional sensors are highlighted. Second, important selection criteria for soft multifunctional sensors are introduced. Next, emerging materials/structures and trends for soft multifunctional sensors are identified. Specifically, the future R&D directions of these sensors are envisaged based on their emerging trends, namely i) decoupling of multiple stimuli, ii) data processing, iii) skin conformability, and iv) energy sources. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities for these sensors in future are discussed, offering new insights into prospects in the fast-emerging technology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-07
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1474949-X
    ISSN 1521-4095 ; 0935-9648
    ISSN (online) 1521-4095
    ISSN 0935-9648
    DOI 10.1002/adma.202310505
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  2. Article ; Online: Emerging Trends in Soft Electronics: Integrating Machine Intelligence with Soft Acoustic/Vibration Sensors.

    Lee, Jeng-Hun / Cho, Kang Hyuk / Cho, Kilwon

    Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 32, Page(s) e2209673

    Abstract: In the last decade, soft acoustic/vibration sensors have gained tremendous research interest due to their unique ability to detect broadband acoustic/vibration stimuli, potentializing futuristic applications including voice biometrics, voice-controlled ... ...

    Abstract In the last decade, soft acoustic/vibration sensors have gained tremendous research interest due to their unique ability to detect broadband acoustic/vibration stimuli, potentializing futuristic applications including voice biometrics, voice-controlled human-machine-interfaces, electronic skin, and skin-mountable healthcare devices. Importantly, to benefit most from these sensors, it is inevitable to use machine learning (ML) to process their output signals; with ML, a more accurate and efficient interpretation of original data is possible. This paper is dedicated to offering an overview of recent advances empowering the development of soft acoustic/vibration sensors and their signal processing using ML. First, the key performance parameters of the sensors are discussed. Second, popular transduction mechanisms for the sensors are addressed, followed by an in-depth overview of each type, covering materials used, structural designs, and sensing performances. Third, potential applications of the sensors are elaborated and fourth, a thorough discussion on ML is conducted, exploring different types of ML, specific ML algorithms suitable for processing acoustic/vibration signals, and current trends in ML-assisted applications. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities in soft acoustic/vibration sensor and ML research are revealed to offer new insights into future prospects in these fields.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-28
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1474949-X
    ISSN 1521-4095 ; 0935-9648
    ISSN (online) 1521-4095
    ISSN 0935-9648
    DOI 10.1002/adma.202209673
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  3. Article ; Online: Self-Assembly of Organic Semiconductors on Strained Graphene under Strain-Induced Pseudo-Electric Fields.

    Hwang, Jinhyun / Park, Jisang / Choi, Jinhyeok / Lee, Taeksang / Lee, Hyo Chan / Cho, Kilwon

    Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 19, Page(s) e2400598

    Abstract: Graphene is used as a growth template for van der Waals epitaxy of organic semiconductor (OSC) thin films. During the synthesis and transfer of chemical-vapor-deposited graphene on a target substrate, local inhomogeneities in the graphene-in particular, ... ...

    Abstract Graphene is used as a growth template for van der Waals epitaxy of organic semiconductor (OSC) thin films. During the synthesis and transfer of chemical-vapor-deposited graphene on a target substrate, local inhomogeneities in the graphene-in particular, a nonuniform strain field in the graphene template-can easily form, causing poor morphology and crystallinity of the OSC thin films. Moreover, a strain field in graphene introduces a pseudo-electric field in the graphene. Here, the study investigates how the strain and strain-induced pseudo-electric field of a graphene template affect the self-assembly of π-conjugated organic molecules on it. Periodically strained graphene templates are fabricated by transferring graphene onto an array of nanospheres and then analyzed the growth and nucleation behavior of C
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-13
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2808093-2
    ISSN 2198-3844 ; 2198-3844
    ISSN (online) 2198-3844
    ISSN 2198-3844
    DOI 10.1002/advs.202400598
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Time-evolved doping of graphene on an oxidized polycrystalline Cu surface

    Lim, Hyungsub / Lee, Hyo Chan / Cho, Kilwon

    Carbon. 2022 Oct. 31, v. 199

    2022  

    Abstract: Graphene/Cu composites are promising materials for future electrodes because of their mechanical, electrical, and thermal stability. However, the presence of graphene accelerates oxidation of the underlying Cu surface, which affects the various ... ...

    Abstract Graphene/Cu composites are promising materials for future electrodes because of their mechanical, electrical, and thermal stability. However, the presence of graphene accelerates oxidation of the underlying Cu surface, which affects the various properties of graphene/Cu composites. Therefore, investigating the effects of Cu oxidation on the interfacial properties of graphene/Cu composite is critical. Here, the time-dependent doping and strain of large-area graphene on a Cu surface were analyzed through characterization of both the degree of oxidation and the crystallographic orientation of Cu using Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, we proposed a model for describing the Fermi level of graphene depending on the state of the Cu, such as its crystallographic orientation and degree of surface oxidation.
    Keywords Raman spectroscopy ; graphene ; models ; oxidation ; thermal stability
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-1031
    Size p. 279-287.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0008-6223
    DOI 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.08.004
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: van der Waals Epitaxy of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films on Atomically Thin Graphene Templates for Optoelectronic Applications.

    Nguyen, Nguyen Ngan / Lee, Hansol / Lee, Hyo Chan / Cho, Kilwon

    Accounts of chemical research

    2022  Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 673–684

    Abstract: ConspectusOrganic semiconductors (OSCs) offer unique advantages with respect to mechanical flexibility, low-cost processing, and tunable properties. The optical and electrical properties of devices based on OSCs can be greatly improved when an OSC is ... ...

    Abstract ConspectusOrganic semiconductors (OSCs) offer unique advantages with respect to mechanical flexibility, low-cost processing, and tunable properties. The optical and electrical properties of devices based on OSCs can be greatly improved when an OSC is coupled with graphene in a certain manner. Our research group has focused on using graphene as a growth template for OSCs and incorporating such high-quality heterostructures into optoelectronic devices. The idea is that graphene's atomically flat surface with a uniform sp
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1483291-4
    ISSN 1520-4898 ; 0001-4842
    ISSN (online) 1520-4898
    ISSN 0001-4842
    DOI 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00686
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Advances in Biodegradable Electronic Skin: Material Progress and Recent Applications in Sensing, Robotics, and Human-Machine Interfaces.

    Zarei, Mohammad / Lee, Giwon / Lee, Seung Goo / Cho, Kilwon

    Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) e2203193

    Abstract: The rapid growth of the electronics industry and proliferation of electronic materials and telecommunications technologies has led to the release of a massive amount of untreated electronic waste (e-waste) into the environment. Consequently, catastrophic ...

    Abstract The rapid growth of the electronics industry and proliferation of electronic materials and telecommunications technologies has led to the release of a massive amount of untreated electronic waste (e-waste) into the environment. Consequently, catastrophic environmental damage at the microbiome level and serious human health diseases threaten the natural fate of the planet. Currently, the demand for wearable electronics for applications in personalized medicine, electronic skins (e-skins), and health monitoring is substantial and growing. Therefore, "green" characteristics such as biodegradability, self-healing, and biocompatibility ensure the future application of wearable electronics and e-skins in biomedical engineering and bioanalytical sciences. Leveraging the biodegradability, sustainability, and biocompatibility of natural materials will dramatically influence the fabrication of environmentally friendly e-skins and wearable electronics. Here, the molecular and structural characteristics of biological skins and artificial e-skins are discussed. The focus then turns to the biodegradable materials, including natural and synthetic-polymer-based materials, and their recent applications in the development of biodegradable e-skin in wearable sensors, robotics, and human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Finally, the main challenges and outlook regarding the preparation and application of biodegradable e-skins are critically discussed in a near-future scenario, which is expected to lead to the next generation of biodegradable e-skins.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Skin ; Robotics ; Electronics ; Biomedical Engineering
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-30
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1474949-X
    ISSN 1521-4095 ; 0935-9648
    ISSN (online) 1521-4095
    ISSN 0935-9648
    DOI 10.1002/adma.202203193
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  7. Article ; Online: Triggering the Donor-Acceptor Phase Segregation with Solid Additives Enables 16.5% Efficiency in All-Polymer Solar Cells.

    Huang, Xiaodong / Sun, Yuqing / Zhao, Zhenmin / Chung, Sein / Cho, Kilwon / Kan, Zhipeng

    ACS applied materials & interfaces

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 37, Page(s) 44012–44021

    Abstract: All-polymer solar cells have attracted considerable research interest due to their superior morphological stabilities, stretchability, and mechanical durability. However, the morphology optimization of the all-polymer bulk heterojunctions remains ... ...

    Abstract All-polymer solar cells have attracted considerable research interest due to their superior morphological stabilities, stretchability, and mechanical durability. However, the morphology optimization of the all-polymer bulk heterojunctions remains challenging due to the two long conjugated polymer chains, limiting its power conversion efficiency. Herein, we focus on the donor-acceptor phase segregation of an all-polymer active layer composed of PM6/PY-IT, a state-of-the-art all-polymer combination, by the introduction of volatile solid additives. Especially with 1,3-dibromo-5-chlorobenzene (DBCl) as the processing additive, we could effectively tune the miscibility between PM6 and PY-IT and thus optimize the phase segregation of the polymer donor and acceptor. Due to the synergetic effects on the favorable phase segregation and desired donor-acceptor distribution, the DBCl-treated devices feature the evident improvement of charge transport and collection, accompanied by the suppressed trap-assisted charge recombination. We consequently achieved a champion device efficiency of 16.5% (16.4% averaged), which is a 13% improvement compared with the control device without DBCl (14.6%). Our results highlight the importance of altering the miscibility of the polymer donor-acceptor pairs for practical applications of high-performance all-polymer solar cells.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1944-8252
    ISSN (online) 1944-8252
    DOI 10.1021/acsami.3c07350
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Realizing Electronic Synapses by Defect Engineering in Polycrystalline Two-Dimensional MoS

    Lee, Eunho / Kim, Junyoung / Park, Juhong / Hwang, Jinwoo / Jang, Hyoik / Cho, Kilwon / Choi, Wonbong

    ACS applied materials & interfaces

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 12, Page(s) 15839–15847

    Abstract: Neuromorphic computing based on two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) has attracted significant attention recently due to their extraordinary properties generated by the atomic-thick layered structure. This study presents sulfur- ... ...

    Abstract Neuromorphic computing based on two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) has attracted significant attention recently due to their extraordinary properties generated by the atomic-thick layered structure. This study presents sulfur-defect-assisted MoS
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1944-8252
    ISSN (online) 1944-8252
    DOI 10.1021/acsami.2c21688
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Protonated Organic Semiconductors: Origin of Water-Induced Charge-Trap Generation.

    Park, Sangsik / Choi, Wookjin / Kim, Seung Hyun / Lee, Hansol / Cho, Kilwon

    Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 42, Page(s) e2303707

    Abstract: Despite dramatic improvements in the electronic characteristics of organic semiconductors, the low operational stability of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) hinders their direct use in practical applications. Although the literature contains ... ...

    Abstract Despite dramatic improvements in the electronic characteristics of organic semiconductors, the low operational stability of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) hinders their direct use in practical applications. Although the literature contains numerous reports on the effects of water on the operational stability of OFETs, the underlying mechanisms of trap generation induced by water remain unclear. Here, a protonation-induced trap generation of organic semiconductors is proposed as a possible origin of the operational instability in organic field-effect transistors. Spectroscopic and electronic investigation techniques combined with simulations reveal that the direct protonation of organic semiconductors by water during operation may be responsible for the trap generation induced by bias stress; this phenomenon is independent of the trap generation at an insulator surface. In addition, the same feature occurred in small-bandgap polymers with fused thiophene rings irrespective of their crystalline ordering, implying the generality of protonation induced trap generation in various polymer semiconductors with a small bandgap. The finding of the trap-generation process provides new perspectives for achieving greater operational stability of organic field-effect transistors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1474949-X
    ISSN 1521-4095 ; 0935-9648
    ISSN (online) 1521-4095
    ISSN 0935-9648
    DOI 10.1002/adma.202303707
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  10. Article ; Online: Crocodile-Skin-Inspired Omnidirectionally Stretchable Pressure Sensor.

    Lee, Giwon / Son, Jonghyun / Kim, Daegun / Ko, Hyeon Ju / Lee, Seung Goo / Cho, Kilwon

    Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 52, Page(s) e2205643

    Abstract: Stretchable pressure sensors are important components of multimodal electronic skin needed for potentializing numerous Internet of Things applications. In particular, to use pressure sensors in various wearable/skin-attachable electronics, both high ... ...

    Abstract Stretchable pressure sensors are important components of multimodal electronic skin needed for potentializing numerous Internet of Things applications. In particular, to use pressure sensors in various wearable/skin-attachable electronics, both high deformability and strain-independent sensitivity must be realized. However, previously reported stretchable pressure sensors cannot meet these standards because they exhibit limited stretchability and nonuniform sensitivity under deformation. Herein, inspired by the unique sensory organ of a crocodile, an omnidirectionally stretchable piezoresistive pressure sensor made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/silver nanowires (AgNWs) composites with microdomes and wrinkled surfaces is developed. The stretchable pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity that changes negligibly even under uniaxial and biaxial tensile strains of 100% and 50%, respectively. This behavior is attributed to the microdomes responsible for detecting applied pressures being weakly affected by tensile strains, while the isotropic wrinkles between the microdomes deform to effectively reduce the external stress. In addition, because the device comprises all PDMS-based structures, it exhibits outstanding robustness under repeated mechanical stimuli. The device shows strong potential as a wearable pressure sensor and an artificial crocodile sensing organ, successfully detecting applied pressures in various scenarios. Therefore, the pressure sensor is expected to find applications in electronic skin for prosthetics and human-machine interface systems.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Alligators and Crocodiles ; Nanowires ; Silver ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Electronics
    Chemical Substances Silver (3M4G523W1G)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-03
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2168935-0
    ISSN 1613-6829 ; 1613-6810
    ISSN (online) 1613-6829
    ISSN 1613-6810
    DOI 10.1002/smll.202205643
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