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  1. Article ; Online: Effectiveness of personal protective health behaviour against COVID-19

    Chon Fu Lio / Hou Hon Cheong / Chin Ion Lei / Iek Long Lo / Lan Yao / Chong Lam / Iek Hou Leong

    BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract Background Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face contact and contaminated surfaces as well as potential aerosol spread. Over half of transmissions occur from presymptomatic and asymptomatic carriers. Although several vaccines are currently available for emergency use, there are uncertainties regarding the duration of protection and the efficacy of preventing asymptomatic spread. Thus, personal protective health behaviour and measures against COVID-19 are still widely recommended after immunization. This study aimed to clarify the efficacy of these measures, and the results may provide valuable guidance to policymakers to educate the general public about how to reduce the individual-level risk of COVID-19 infection. Methods This case-control study enrolled 24 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário (C.H.C.S.J.), which was the only hospital designated to manage COVID-19 patients in Macao SAR, China, and 1113 control participants who completed a 14-day mandatory quarantine in 12 designated hotels due to returning from high-risk countries between 17 March and 15 April 2020. A questionnaire was developed to extract demographic information, contact history, and personal health behaviour. Results Participants primarily came from the United Kingdom (33.2%), followed by the United States (10.5%) and Portugal (10.2%). Independent factors for COVID-19 infection were having physical contact with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 patients (adjusted OR, 12.108 [95% CI, 3.380–43.376], P < 0.005), participating in high-risk gathering activities (adjusted OR, 1.129 [95% CI, 1.048–1.216], P < 0.005), handwashing after outdoor activity (adjusted OR, 0.021 [95% CI, 0.003–0.134], P < 0.005), handwashing before touching the mouth and nose area (adjusted OR, 0.303 [95% CI, 0.114–0.808], ...
    Keywords COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Prevention ; Measures ; Mask ; Handwashing ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Re-positive of SARS-CoV-2 test is common in COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. Data from high standard post-discharge quarantined patients in Macao SAR, China

    Chi Leong Wong / Sao Kuan Lei / Chin Ion Lei / Iek Long Lo / Chong Lam / Iek Hou Leong

    PeerJ, Vol 9, p e

    2021  Volume 11170

    Abstract: During the pandemic of COVID-19, Macau faces tremendous pressure because it is a famous gambling and tourism city with the world’s highest population density. The Macau government implemented decisive public health intervention to control the ... ...

    Abstract During the pandemic of COVID-19, Macau faces tremendous pressure because it is a famous gambling and tourism city with the world’s highest population density. The Macau government implemented decisive public health intervention to control the transmission of COVID-19, and there were only two independent outbreaks in Macau. In the second outbreak, all 35 cases were infected in foreign countries. They were quarantined in airborne infection isolation rooms for at least 14 days with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests after hospital discharge. Twelve (34.3%) of them had re-positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, and none of them presented any COVID-19 signs or symptoms during the entire quarantine period. In this study, the re-positive patients were more likely to be diagnosed in the early stage of the disease with a longer hospital stay. Virus re-infection is impossible in this high standard isolation setting, and reactivation is also unlikely, so that residual virus nucleic acid should be the possible reason for this phenomenon. Due to limited data about the risk of re-positive patients, it is better to quarantine patients after discharge for a prolonged period with repeat RT-PCR tests to minimize the community’s potential risk, particularly in the regions with relative plenty of resources and low community infection rate such as Macau.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; Discharge ; Quarantine ; Re-positive ; Macau ; RT-PCR detection ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher PeerJ Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak

    Chon Fu Lio / Hou Hon Cheong / Chin Ion Lei / Iek Long Lo / Lan Yao / Chong Lam / Iek Hou Leong

    PeerJ, Vol 8, p e

    a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China

    2020  Volume 9428

    Abstract: Background The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, ... ...

    Abstract Background The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, China, where the highest COVID-19 prevalence was noted in the country and a “lockdown” policy was implemented for outbreak control for more than one month. They were escorted from Wuhan City to Macao via a chartered airplane organized by Macao SAR government and received quarantine for 14 days with none of the individual being diagnosed with COVID-19 by serial RNA tests from the nasopharyngeal specimens and sera antibodies. It was crucial to identify common characteristics among these 57 uninfected individuals. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to extract information such as behavior, change of habits and preventive measures. Results A total of 42 effective questionnaires were analyzed after exclusion of 14 infants and children with age under fifteen as ineligible for the survey and missing of one questionnaire, with a response rate of 97.7% (42 out of 43). The proportion of female composed more than 70% of this group of returners. The main reason for visiting Hubei in 88.1% of respondents was to visit relatives. Over 88% of respondents did not participate in high-risk activities due to mobility restriction. All (100%) denied contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Comparison of personal hygiene habits before and during disease outbreak showed a significant increase in practice including wearing a mask when outdoor (16.7% and 95.2%, P < 0.001) and often wash hands with soap or liquid soap (85.7% and 100%, P = 0.031).
    Keywords COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mask ; Lockdown ; Handwashing ; Mandatory quarantine ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 950
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher PeerJ Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Macao Dementia Policy: Challenges and prospects (innovative practice).

    Iek Long, Lo / Wen, Zeng / Chin Ion, Lei / Chong, Lam / Hong Lei, Lou

    Dementia (London, England)

    2019  Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 791–795

    Abstract: This paper highlights the challenges and prospects of older people with dementia in Macao. Macao Dementia Policy was launched in 2016 as the 27th globally, aligned with World Health Organization Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to ... ...

    Abstract This paper highlights the challenges and prospects of older people with dementia in Macao. Macao Dementia Policy was launched in 2016 as the 27th globally, aligned with World Health Organization Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017-2025, includes a 10-year strategic framework to establish dementia friendly communities across the region. Dementia Working Group, cognitive assessment network in Health Centers, Dementia Medical Center, and Dementia Support Center were established subsequently. These initiatives manifest that Macao Government has taken great strides to improve waiting times, diagnosis rates, integrated care, and dementia friendliness through a seamless dementia service network.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dementia/therapy ; Humans ; Macau ; Policy ; Public Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2084045-7
    ISSN 1741-2684 ; 1471-3012
    ISSN (online) 1741-2684
    ISSN 1471-3012
    DOI 10.1177/1471301219887612
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism

    Hyun Bong Park / Yick Chong Lam / Jean P. Gaffney / James C. Weaver / Sara Rose Krivoshik / Randy Hamchand / Vincent Pieribone / David F. Gruber / Jason M. Crawford

    iScience, Vol 19, Iss , Pp 1291-

    2019  Volume 1336

    Abstract: Summary: Although in recent years there has been an increased awareness of the widespread nature of biofluorescence in the marine environment, the diversity of the molecules responsible for this luminescent phenotype has been mostly limited to green ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Although in recent years there has been an increased awareness of the widespread nature of biofluorescence in the marine environment, the diversity of the molecules responsible for this luminescent phenotype has been mostly limited to green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), GFP-like proteins, and fluorescent fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). In the present study, we describe a previously undescribed group of brominated tryptophan-kynurenine small molecule metabolites responsible for the green biofluorescence in two species of sharks and provide their structural, antimicrobial, and spectral characterization. Multi-scale fluorescence microscopy studies guided the discovery of metabolites that were differentially produced in fluorescent versus non-fluorescent skin, as well as the species-specific structural details of their unusual light-guiding denticles. Overall, this study provides the detailed description of a family of small molecules responsible for marine biofluorescence and opens new questions related to their roles in central nervous system signaling, resilience to microbial infections, and photoprotection. : Chemistry; Natural Product Chemistry; Natural Product Discovery Subject Areas: Chemistry, Natural Product Chemistry, Natural Product Discovery
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Characterization of Autoinducer‑3 Structure and Biosynthesis in E. coli

    Chung Sub Kim / Alexandra Gatsios / Santiago Cuesta / Yick Chong Lam / Zheng Wei / Haiwei Chen / Regan M. Russell / Emilee E. Shine / Rurun Wang / Thomas P. Wyche / Grazia Piizzi / Richard A. Flavell / Noah W. Palm / Vanessa Sperandio / Jason M. Crawford

    ACS Central Science, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 197-

    2020  Volume 206

    Keywords Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Chemical Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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