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Article ; Online: Exploring Skin Wound Healing Models and the Impact of Natural Lipids on the Healing Process.

Choudhary, Vivek / Choudhary, Mrunal / Bollag, Wendy B

International journal of molecular sciences

2024 Volume 25, Issue 7

Abstract: Cutaneous wound healing is a complex biological process involving a series of well-coordinated events aimed at restoring skin integrity and function. Various experimental models have been developed to study the mechanisms underlying skin wound repair and ...

Abstract	Cutaneous wound healing is a complex biological process involving a series of well-coordinated events aimed at restoring skin integrity and function. Various experimental models have been developed to study the mechanisms underlying skin wound repair and to evaluate potential therapeutic interventions. This review explores the diverse array of skin wound healing models utilized in research, ranging from rodent excisional wounds to advanced tissue engineering constructs and microfluidic platforms. More importantly, the influence of lipids on the wound healing process is examined, emphasizing their role in enhancing barrier function restoration, modulating inflammation, promoting cell proliferation, and promoting remodeling. Lipids, such as phospholipids, sphingolipids, and ceramides, play crucial roles in membrane structure, cell signaling, and tissue repair. Understanding the interplay between lipids and the wound microenvironment provides valuable insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for promoting efficient wound healing and tissue regeneration. This review highlights the significance of investigating skin wound healing models and elucidating the intricate involvement of lipids in the healing process, offering potential avenues for improving clinical outcomes in wound management.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cell Proliferation ; Ceramides ; Inflammation ; Microfluidics ; Phospholipids
Chemical Substances	Ceramides ; Phospholipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25073790
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Phospholipase D mediates very low-density lipoprotein-induced aldosterone production, in part, via lipin-1.

Spaulding, Shinjini C / Choudhary, Vivek / Bollag, Wendy B

Journal of molecular endocrinology

2023 Volume 70, Issue 4

Abstract: Aldosterone is considered to be a link between hypertension and obesity; obese individuals have high serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDL has been shown to induce aldosterone production in multiple adrenal zona glomerulosa models, ... ...

Abstract	Aldosterone is considered to be a link between hypertension and obesity; obese individuals have high serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDL has been shown to induce aldosterone production in multiple adrenal zona glomerulosa models, mediated in part by phospholipase D (PLD). PLD is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to produce phosphatidic acid (PA), a lipid second messenger that can also be dephosphorylated by lipin to yield diacylglycerol (DAG), yet another lipid signal. However, it is unclear which of the two lipid second messengers, PA or DAG, underlies PLD's mediation of aldosterone production. We hypothesized that the key signal produced by PLD (indirectly) is DAG such that PLD mediates VLDL-induced aldosterone production via lipin-mediated metabolism of PA to DAG. To assess the role of lipin in VLDL-induced aldosterone production, lipin-1 was overexpressed (using an adenovirus) or inhibited (using propranolol) in HAC15 cells followed by treatment with or without VLDL. Lipin-1 overexpression enhanced the VLDL-stimulated increase in CYP11B2 expression (by 75%), and lipin-1 inhibition decreased the VLDL-stimulated increase in CYP11B2 expression (by 66%). Similarly, the VLDL-stimulated increase in aldosterone production was enhanced by lipin-1 overexpression (182%) and was decreased by lipin inhibition (80%). Our results are suggestive of DAG being the key lipid signal since manipulating lipin-1 levels/activity affects VLDL-stimulated steroidogenic gene expression and ultimately, aldosterone production. Our study warrants further investigation into VLDL-stimulated steroidogenic signaling pathways which may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, such as lipin-1 and its downstream pathways, to potentially treat obesity-associated hypertension.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aldosterone/metabolism ; Phospholipase D/genetics ; Phospholipase D/metabolism ; Phospholipase D/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL
Chemical Substances	Aldosterone (4964P6T9RB) ; Phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4) ; Lipoproteins, VLDL ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2 (EC 1.14.15.4) ; lipine ; Lipoproteins, LDL
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	645012-x
ISSN	1479-6813 ; 0952-5041
ISSN (online)	1479-6813
ISSN	0952-5041
DOI	10.1530/JME-22-0196
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Article: Phosphatidylglycerol to Treat Chronic Skin Wounds in Diabetes.

Luo, Yonghong / Vivaldi Marrero, Edymarie / Choudhary, Vivek / Bollag, Wendy B

Pharmaceutics

2023 Volume 15, Issue 5

Abstract: This review proposes the use of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) to enhance diabetic wound healing. Initially, the characteristics of diabetic wounds are examined, focusing on the epidermis. Hyperglycemia accompanying diabetes results in enhanced ... ...

Abstract	This review proposes the use of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) to enhance diabetic wound healing. Initially, the characteristics of diabetic wounds are examined, focusing on the epidermis. Hyperglycemia accompanying diabetes results in enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress in part through the generation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), in which glucose is conjugated to macromolecules. These AGEs activate inflammatory pathways; oxidative stress results from increased reactive oxygen species generation by mitochondria rendered dysfunctional by hyperglycemia. These factors work together to reduce the ability of keratinocytes to restore epidermal integrity, contributing to chronic diabetic wounds. DOPG has a pro-proliferative action on keratinocytes (through an unclear mechanism) and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on keratinocytes and the innate immune system by inhibiting the activation of Toll-like receptors. DOPG has also been found to enhance macrophage mitochondrial function. Since these DOPG effects would be expected to counteract the increased oxidative stress (attributable in part to mitochondrial dysfunction), decreased keratinocyte proliferation, and enhanced inflammation that characterize chronic diabetic wounds, DOPG may be useful in stimulating wound healing. To date, efficacious therapies to promote the healing of chronic diabetic wounds are largely lacking; thus, DOPG may be added to the armamentarium of drugs to enhance diabetic wound healing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics15051497
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Article ; Online: Updated Perspectives on Keratinocytes and Psoriasis: Keratinocytes are More Than Innocent Bystanders.

Ortiz-Lopez, Laura I / Choudhary, Vivek / Bollag, Wendy B

Psoriasis (Auckland, N.Z.)

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 73–87

Abstract: Psoriasis is a complex disease triggered by genetic, immunologic, and environmental stimuli. Many genes have been linked to psoriasis, like the psoriasis susceptibility genes, some of which are critical in keratinocyte biology and epidermal barrier ... ...

Abstract	Psoriasis is a complex disease triggered by genetic, immunologic, and environmental stimuli. Many genes have been linked to psoriasis, like the psoriasis susceptibility genes, some of which are critical in keratinocyte biology and epidermal barrier function. Still, the exact pathogenesis of psoriasis is unknown. In the disease, the balance between the proliferative and differentiative processes of keratinocytes becomes altered. Multiple studies have highlighted the role of dysregulated immune cells in provoking the inflammatory responses seen in psoriasis. In addition to immune cells, accumulating evidence shows that keratinocytes are involved in psoriasis pathogenesis, as discussed in this review. Although certain immune cell-derived factors stimulate keratinocyte hyperproliferation, activated keratinocytes can also produce anti-microbial peptides, cytokines, and chemokines that can promote their proliferation, as well as recruit immune cells to help initiate and reinforce inflammatory feedback loops. Psoriatic keratinocytes also show intrinsic differences from normal keratinocytes even after removal from the in vivo inflammatory environment; thus, psoriatic keratinocytes have been found to exhibit abnormal calcium metabolism and possible epigenetic changes that contribute to psoriasis. The Koebner phenomenon, in which injury promotes the development of psoriatic lesions, also provides evidence for keratinocytes' contributions to disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, transgenic mouse studies have confirmed the importance of keratinocytes in the etiology of psoriasis. Finally, in addition to immune cells and keratinocytes, data in the literature support roles for other cell types, tissues, and systems in psoriasis development. These other contributors are all potential targets for therapies, suggesting the importance of a holistic approach when treating psoriasis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-02
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2695573-8
ISSN	2230-326X ; 2230-326X
ISSN (online)	2230-326X
ISSN	2230-326X
DOI	10.2147/PTT.S327310
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Article: Predictive role of socio-demographic and chronotype on health-related quality of life of cancer patients from southeastern India

Sultan, Armiya / Taj, Saba / Choudhary, Vivek / Parganiha, Arti

Biological rhythm research. 2022 Apr. 03, v. 53, no. 4

2022

Abstract: It is well known that cancer and its treatment produce marked impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of cancer patients. Research concerning impact of chronotype on HRQoL in cancer patients is almost not studied yet, but the interests are ... ...

Abstract	It is well known that cancer and its treatment produce marked impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of cancer patients. Research concerning impact of chronotype on HRQoL in cancer patients is almost not studied yet, but the interests are growing in several diseases. Present study was carried out to explore the impact of socio-demographics, chronotype and consumption of tobacco, alcohol and sleeping medicine on HRQoL of Indian oncology patients. Self-reported Quality-of-Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) were administered to the cancer patients (N = 1000) in the native Hindi language. Results revealed that among the socio-demographic factors, only age exhibited significant negative association with physical, role and cognitive functioning and positive association with symptoms, namely fatigue and pain. Interestingly, chronotype was found to be positively associated with emotional functioning and negatively with nausea-vomiting, dyspnoea, diarrhoea and depression. Patients who consumed tobacco, alcohol or sleeping medicine exhibited lower functioning and higher symptoms. Further, treatment of cancer also produced effect on a few measures of HRQoL of patients. In conclusion, age, chronotype and consumption of tobacco, alcohol or sleeping medicine were found to be important determinants of HRQoL of the patients.
Keywords	alcohols ; anxiety ; biological rhythms ; cognition ; diarrhea ; hospitals ; medicine ; pain ; quality of life ; questionnaires ; research ; sociodemographic characteristics ; tobacco ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0403
Size	p. 592-607.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1185065-6
ISSN	1744-4179 ; 0929-1016
ISSN (online)	1744-4179
ISSN	0929-1016
DOI	10.1080/09291016.2020.1816050
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Advanced Glycation End Products and Activation of Toll-like Receptor-2 and -4 Induced Changes in Aquaporin-3 Expression in Mouse Keratinocytes.

Luo, Yonghong / Uaratanawong, Rawipan / Choudhary, Vivek / Hardin, Mary / Zhang, Catherine / Melnyk, Samuel / Chen, Xunsheng / Bollag, Wendy B

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 2

Abstract: Prolonged inflammation and impaired re-epithelization are major contributing factors to chronic non-healing diabetic wounds; diabetes is also characterized by xerosis. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the activation of toll-like receptors ( ... ...

Abstract	Prolonged inflammation and impaired re-epithelization are major contributing factors to chronic non-healing diabetic wounds; diabetes is also characterized by xerosis. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), can trigger inflammatory responses. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays essential roles in keratinocyte function and skin wound re-epithelialization/re-generation and hydration. Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, mimics the increased acetylation observed in diabetes. We investigated the effects of TLR2/TLR4 activators and AGEs on keratinocyte AQP3 expression in the presence and absence of SAHA. Primary mouse keratinocytes were treated with or without TLR2 agonist Pam
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Aquaporin 3/genetics ; Aquaporin 3/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/metabolism ; Vorinostat/metabolism ; Glycation End Products, Advanced/pharmacology ; Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Aquaporin 3 (158801-98-0) ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Vorinostat (58IFB293JI) ; Glycation End Products, Advanced
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24021376
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Article ; Online: Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol Inhibits Heat Shock Protein B4 (HSPB4)-Induced Inflammatory Pathways In Vitro.

Fowler, Teresa E / Choudhary, Vivek / Melnyk, Samuel / Farsi, Mishma / Chang, Luke Y / Fortingo, Nyemkuna / Chen, Xunsheng / Watsky, Mitchell A / Bollag, Wendy B

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 6

Abstract: Our previous work shows that dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) accelerates corneal epithelial healing in vitro and in vivo by unknown mechanisms. Prior data demonstrate that DOPG inhibits toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and inflammation induced by ... ...

Abstract	Our previous work shows that dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) accelerates corneal epithelial healing in vitro and in vivo by unknown mechanisms. Prior data demonstrate that DOPG inhibits toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and inflammation induced by microbial components (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) and by endogenous molecules upregulated in psoriatic skin, which act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to activate TLRs and promote inflammation. In the injured cornea, sterile inflammation can result from the release of the DAMP molecule, heat shock protein B4 (HSPB4), to contribute to delayed wound healing. Here, we show in vitro that DOPG inhibits TLR2 activation induced in response to HSPB4, as well as DAMPs that are elevated in diabetes, a disease that also slows corneal wound healing. Further, we show that the co-receptor, cluster of differentiation-14 (CD14), is necessary for PAMP/DAMP-induced activation of TLR2, as well as of TLR4. Finally, we simulated the high-glucose environment of diabetes to show that elevated glucose levels enhance TLR4 activation by a DAMP known to be upregulated in diabetes. Together, our results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory actions of DOPG and support further investigation into its development as a possible therapy for corneal injury, especially in diabetic patients at high risk of vision-threatening complications.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Alarmins ; Antigens, CD19 ; Glucose ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism ; Phosphatidylglycerols/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Alarmins ; Antigens, CD19 ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; HMGB1 Protein ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Phosphatidylglycerols
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24065839
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Article ; Online: Changing trends of sexually transmitted infections and estimation of partner notification at a tertiary care center in North India.

Goel, Seema / Chopra, Dimple / Choudhary, Vivek / Riyat, Amandeep / Chopra, Siddharth

Indian journal of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS

2020 Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 176–180

Abstract: Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are dynamic and show a variable prevalence in different parts of the country. Moreover, the prevalence changes with time in the same geographical area. It is important to have the knowledge of current ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are dynamic and show a variable prevalence in different parts of the country. Moreover, the prevalence changes with time in the same geographical area. It is important to have the knowledge of current trend of STIs and partner notification (PN) rate in a particular area for the effective implementation of preventive and control measures. Aims: This study aimed to assess the changing demographic and clinical trends of STIs in the patients attending a tertiary care center in North India. Materials and methods: This study was conducted at STI clinic located at a tertiary care center in North India. All the patients visiting STI clinic over a 5-year period from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017, were included in our study. Diseases were diagnosed on the basis of detailed history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations, and PN was done using the patient-oriented notification method. Results: The most common STI affected age group was 25-44 years (45.11%), and the most common STI noted was candidal balanoposthitis in males (19.49%) and candidal vaginal discharge in females (20.54%), followed by herpes genitalis (15.04%) and condylomata acuminata (14.66%) in both the genders. Bacterial STIs such as syphilis (1.58%), lymphogranuloma venereum (0.45%), and chancroid (0.39%) were less common. The average PN rate was 42.48%. Conclusion: In the present study, fungal and viral STIs showed an upward trend, whereas bacterial STIs such as syphilis and chancroid demonstrated a declining trend. The measures to improve PN are urgently required for both cure and the prevention of STIs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-31
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2622183-4
ISSN	2589-0565 ; 2589-0565
ISSN (online)	2589-0565
ISSN	2589-0565
DOI	10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_10_19
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Article ; Online: Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-Induced TLR2 and TLR4 Activation Increases Keratinocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators and is Inhibited by Phosphatidylglycerol.

Choudhary, Vivek / Griffith, Shantelle / Chen, Xunsheng / Bollag, Wendy B

Molecular pharmacology

2020 Volume 97, Issue 5, Page(s) 324–335

Abstract: Skin serves not only as a protective barrier to microbial entry into the body but also as an immune organ. The outer layer, the epidermis, is composed predominantly of keratinocytes, which can be stimulated to produce proinflammatory mediators. Although ... ...

Abstract	Skin serves not only as a protective barrier to microbial entry into the body but also as an immune organ. The outer layer, the epidermis, is composed predominantly of keratinocytes, which can be stimulated to produce proinflammatory mediators. Although some inflammation is useful to defend against infection, excessive or persistent inflammation can lead to the development of inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis, a common skin disorder affecting approximately 2% of the US population. We have previously found that phosphatidylglycerol (PG) derived from soy can inhibit inflammation in a contact irritant ear edema mouse model. Here, we investigated the ability of soy PG to inhibit inflammatory mediator expression in response to activators of the pattern recognition receptors, toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and -4 (TLR4). We found that in epidermal keratinocytes, soy PG inhibited TLR2 and TLR4 activation and inflammatory mediator expression in response to a synthetic triacylated lipopeptide and lipopolysaccharide, respectively, as well as an endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern. However, at higher concentrations, soy PG alone enhanced the expression of some proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a narrow therapeutic window for this lipid. Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), but not dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, exerted a similar inhibitory effect, completely blocking keratinocyte inflammatory mediator expression induced by TLR2 and TLR4 activators as well as NF
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calgranulin B/pharmacology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/metabolism ; Lipopeptides/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules/pharmacology ; Phosphatidylglycerols/pharmacology ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Glycine max/chemistry ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Calgranulin B ; Imidazoles ; Inflammation Mediators ; Lipopeptides ; Lipopolysaccharides ; NF-kappa B ; Pam(3)CSK(4) peptide ; Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules ; Phosphatidylglycerols ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; Recombinant Proteins ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (66322-31-4) ; resiquimod (V3DMU7PVXF)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	124034-1
ISSN	1521-0111 ; 0026-895X
ISSN (online)	1521-0111
ISSN	0026-895X
DOI	10.1124/mol.119.118166
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Zs.A 525: Show issues

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Article ; Online: 5K

Ruikar, Darshan D / Santosh, K C / Hegadi, Ravindra S / Rupnar, Lakhan / Choudhary, Vivek A

Journal of medical systems

2021 Volume 45, Issue 4, Page(s) 51

Abstract: Imaging techniques widely use Computed Tomography (CT) scans for various purposes, such as screening, diagnosis, and decision-making. Of all, it holds true for bone injuries. To build fully automated Computer-Aided Detection (CADe) and Diagnosis (CADx) ... ...

Abstract	Imaging techniques widely use Computed Tomography (CT) scans for various purposes, such as screening, diagnosis, and decision-making. Of all, it holds true for bone injuries. To build fully automated Computer-Aided Detection (CADe) and Diagnosis (CADx) tools and techniques, it requires fairly large amount of data (with gold standard). Therefore, in this paper, since state-of-the-art works relied on small dataset, we introduced a CT image dataset on limbs that is designed to understand bone injuries. Our dataset is a collection of 24 patient-specific CT cases having fractures at upper and lower limbs. From upper limbs, 8 cases were collected from bones in/around the shoulder (left and right). Similarly, from lower limbs, 16 cases were collected from knees (left and right). Altogether, 5684 CT images (upper limbs: 2057 and lower limbs: 3627) were collected. Each patient-specific CT case is composed of maximum 257 scans/slices in average. Of all, clinically approved annotations were made on every 10th slices, resulting in 1787 images. Importantly, no fractured limbs were missed in our annotation. Besides, to avoid privacy and confidential issues, patient-related information were deleted. The proposed dataset could be a promising resource for the medical imaging research community, where imaging techniques are employed for various purposes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time 5K
MeSH term(s)	Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	423488-1
ISSN	1573-689X ; 0148-5598
ISSN (online)	1573-689X
ISSN	0148-5598
DOI	10.1007/s10916-021-01724-9
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