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  1. Article ; Online: Inflammation: the next target for secondary prevention in coronary artery disease.

    Kazi, Samia / Chong, James J H / Chow, Clara K

    The Medical journal of Australia

    2024  Volume 220, Issue 3, Page(s) 115–120

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Coronary Artery Disease/prevention & control ; Secondary Prevention ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-21
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 186082-3
    ISSN 1326-5377 ; 0025-729X
    ISSN (online) 1326-5377
    ISSN 0025-729X
    DOI 10.5694/mja2.52209
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  2. Article ; Online: Change Over 70 Years of Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand.

    Chow, Clara K / Nicholls, Stephen J

    Heart, lung & circulation

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 9, Page(s) 1183–1184

    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Heart ; Humans ; New Zealand ; Societies, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-06
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2020980-0
    ISSN 1444-2892 ; 1443-9506
    ISSN (online) 1444-2892
    ISSN 1443-9506
    DOI 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.07.009
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    Zs.A 4988: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Are Digital Health Services the Key to Bridging the Gap in Medication Adherence and Optimisation?

    Klimis, Harry / Chow, Clara K

    Heart, lung & circulation

    2021  Volume 30, Issue 7, Page(s) 943–946

    MeSH term(s) Health Services ; Humans ; Medication Adherence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-05
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2020980-0
    ISSN 1444-2892 ; 1443-9506
    ISSN (online) 1444-2892
    ISSN 1443-9506
    DOI 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.04.010
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  4. Article ; Online: Global and national high blood pressure burden and control.

    Nguyen, Tu N / Chow, Clara K

    Lancet (London, England)

    2021  Volume 398, Issue 10304, Page(s) 932–933

    MeSH term(s) Global Burden of Disease ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01688-3
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  5. Article ; Online: Oral health and cardiometabolic disease: understanding the relationship.

    King, Shalinie / Chow, Clara K / Eberhard, Joerg

    Internal medicine journal

    2022  Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 198–205

    Abstract: Examination of the oral cavity can identify clinical signs indicative of underlying systemic disease. Key features to examine include the general appearance and number of the teeth, signs of inflammation of the mucosa or gingival tissues including ... ...

    Abstract Examination of the oral cavity can identify clinical signs indicative of underlying systemic disease. Key features to examine include the general appearance and number of the teeth, signs of inflammation of the mucosa or gingival tissues including bleeding of the gums and redness, swelling or hyperplasia. Additionally, the tongue should be assessed for any ulceration or discolouration and the presence of excessive build-up (coating). Cardiovascular disease and diabetes, together known as cardiometabolic disease have an impact on oral health. Similarly, oral health conditions, such as gum disease (periodontitis) and dryness of the mouth (xerostomia), are associated with an increased risk for both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this narrative review is to outline both the impact of periodontitis and xerostomia on cardiometabolic disease and the impact of cardiometabolic health on these oral health conditions. Key features of periodontitis and xerostomia will be provided along with a brief discussion of current concepts in early prevention and management of these oral health conditions. The biological mechanisms linking cardiometabolic disease and periodontitis will be outlined and the evidence supporting the association between cardiometabolic disease and oral health conditions will be presented together with an identification of areas where further research is indicated. Last, guidance for general practitioners to assess and support early diagnosis and management of oral health conditions by raising awareness of the relationship between oral health and cardiometabolic disease, providing simple oral health advice and referring to a dental practitioner will be presented.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/complications ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Dentists ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Gingivitis/etiology ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Professional Role
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-21
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2045436-3
    ISSN 1445-5994 ; 1444-0903
    ISSN (online) 1445-5994
    ISSN 1444-0903
    DOI 10.1111/imj.15685
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    Zs.MO 424: Show issues

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  6. Article ; Online: Low-Dose Combination Therapy for Initial Treatment of Hypertension.

    Atkins, Emily R / Chow, Clara K

    Current hypertension reports

    2020  Volume 22, Issue 9, Page(s) 65

    Abstract: Purpose of review: To summarise the advances that have been made from 2017 in dual, triple, and quadruple low-dose combination therapy for treating high blood pressure.: Recent findings: Many people require multiple blood pressure lowering medicines ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: To summarise the advances that have been made from 2017 in dual, triple, and quadruple low-dose combination therapy for treating high blood pressure.
    Recent findings: Many people require multiple blood pressure lowering medicines to achieve target blood pressures, and initiating treatment with combination blood pressure lowering therapy is being increasingly investigated and recommended. Low-dose combinations of blood pressure lowering provide more effective blood pressure lowering, with fewer adverse events. Recent advances include listing of four dual combinations on the WHO Essential Medicines List, completion of a triple half-dose combination trial, and a pilot of quadruple quarter-dose combination, and recent cardiovascular polypill trials have included two blood pressure lowering medicines at low dose. These trials all demonstrated improvements in achieving blood pressure targets with low-dose combination therapy. Low-dose combination therapy is a promising option for initial treatment of hypertension that appears to be safe and effective. Larger trials of triple and quadruple low-dose combination therapy in multiple locations are underway and should provide stronger evidence of efficacy as well as information on the side effect profile.
    MeSH term(s) Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Antihypertensive Agents ; Drug Combinations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2057367-4
    ISSN 1534-3111 ; 1522-6417
    ISSN (online) 1534-3111
    ISSN 1522-6417
    DOI 10.1007/s11906-020-01069-7
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    Zs.A 5522: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Are we behind the times on cardiovascular risk assessment in Australia?

    Klimis, Harry / Chow, Clara K

    The Medical journal of Australia

    2020  Volume 213, Issue 4, Page(s) 168–169

    MeSH term(s) Australia/epidemiology ; Calcium ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-30
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 186082-3
    ISSN 1326-5377 ; 0025-729X
    ISSN (online) 1326-5377
    ISSN 0025-729X
    DOI 10.5694/mja2.50711
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  8. Article ; Online: Primary care management post gestational diabetes in Australia.

    Marschner, Simone / Cheung, N Wah / Wing-Lun, Edwina / Kazi, Samia / Trivedi, Ritu / Chow, Clara K

    Internal medicine journal

    2023  Volume 54, Issue 1, Page(s) 164–171

    Abstract: Background: Women with a history of gestational diabetes (GD) have a high risk of developing diabetes and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD).: Aim: To assess whether diabetes screening and CVD risk screening occurred in general practice (GP) ... ...

    Abstract Background: Women with a history of gestational diabetes (GD) have a high risk of developing diabetes and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD).
    Aim: To assess whether diabetes screening and CVD risk screening occurred in general practice (GP) among postpartum women with GD.
    Methods: This is a retrospective study of clinical record data of women with GD, under active GP management, from the MedicineInsight programme, run by Australia's National Prescribing Service MedicineWise, with GP sites located in Australia from January 2015 to March 2021. Documentation of screening for diabetes, assessment of lipids and measurement of blood pressure (BP) was assessed using proportions and mixed-effects logistic regression with a log follow-up time offset.
    Results: There were 10 413 women, with a mean age of 37.9 years (standard deviation, 7.6), from 406 clinics with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (interquartile range, 1.8-6.2 years) A total of 29.41% (3062/10 413; 95% confidence interval [CI], 28.53-30.28) had not been assessed for diabetes, 37.40% (3894/10 413; 95% CI, 36.47-38.32) were not assessed for lipids and 2.19% (228/10 413; 95% CI, 1.91-2.47) had no BP documented. In total, 51.82% (5396/10 413; 95% CI, 50.86-52.78) were screened for all three (diabetes + lipids + BP) at least once. Obesity, comorbidities and dyslipidaemia were associated with increased likelihood of screening. New diabetes diagnosis was documented in 5.73% (597/10 413; 95% CI, 5.29-6.18) of the cohort.
    Conclusion: Screening for diabetes and hyperlipidaemia was suboptimal in this high-risk cohort of women with prior GD. Improved messaging that women with a GD diagnosis are at high cardiovascular risk may improve subsequent screening.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis ; Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology ; Diabetes, Gestational/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Australia/epidemiology ; Primary Health Care ; Lipids
    Chemical Substances Lipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-22
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2045436-3
    ISSN 1445-5994 ; 1444-0903
    ISSN (online) 1445-5994
    ISSN 1444-0903
    DOI 10.1111/imj.16106
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    Zs.A 792: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 424: Show issues

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  9. Article ; Online: Impact of Socio-demographic Characteristics on Time in Outpatient Cardiology Clinics: A Retrospective Analysis.

    McIntyre, Daniel / Marschner, Simone / Thiagalingam, Aravinda / Pryce, David / Chow, Clara K

    Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing

    2023  Volume 60, Page(s) 469580231159491

    Abstract: Inequitable access to health services influences health outcomes. Some studies have found patients of lower socio-economic status (SES) wait longer for surgery, but little data exist on access to outpatient services. This study analyzed patient-level ... ...

    Abstract Inequitable access to health services influences health outcomes. Some studies have found patients of lower socio-economic status (SES) wait longer for surgery, but little data exist on access to outpatient services. This study analyzed patient-level data from outpatient public cardiology clinics and assessed whether low SES patients spend longer accessing ambulatory services. Retrospective analysis of cardiology clinic encounters across 3 public hospitals between 2014 and 2019 was undertaken. Data were linked to age, gender, Indigenous status, country of birth, language spoken at home, number of comorbidities, and postcode. A cox proportional hazards model was applied adjusting for visit type (new/follow up), clinic, and referral source. Higher hazard ratio (HR) indicates shorter clinic time. Overall, 22 367 patients were included (mean [SD] age 61.4 [15.2], 14 925 (66.7%) male). Only 7823 (35.0%) were born in Australia and 8452 (37.8%) were in the lowest SES quintile. Median total clinic time was 84 min (IQR 58-130). Visit type, clinic, and referral source were associated with clinic time (R
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Outpatients ; Retrospective Studies ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Cardiology ; Demography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 42153-4
    ISSN 1945-7243 ; 0046-9580
    ISSN (online) 1945-7243
    ISSN 0046-9580
    DOI 10.1177/00469580231159491
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  10. Article ; Online: Hypertension therapy using fixed-dose polypills that contain at least three medications.

    O'Hagan, Edel T / McIntyre, Daniel / Nguyen, Tu / Chow, Clara K

    Heart (British Cardiac Society)

    2023  Volume 109, Issue 17, Page(s) 1273–1280

    Abstract: Fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapy may provide a solution to treatment gaps by overcoming reasons for therapeutic inertia. To synthesise and report on available evidence on standard or low-dose combination medicines that combine at least three ... ...

    Abstract Fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapy may provide a solution to treatment gaps by overcoming reasons for therapeutic inertia. To synthesise and report on available evidence on standard or low-dose combination medicines that combine at least three antihypertensive medicines. A literature search was conducted via Scopus, Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane clinical trials database. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were randomised clinical trials that included adults (>18 years) and examined the impact of at least three antihypertensive medications on blood pressure (BP). A total of 18 trials (n=14 307) were identified that examined combinations of three or four antihypertensive medicines. Ten trials investigated the effect of a standard dose triple combination polypill, four the effect of a low-dose triple and four the effect of a low-dose quadruple combination polypill. The mean difference (MD) in systolic BP ranged from -10.6 to -41.4 for the standard dose triple combination polypill in comparison with 2.1 to -34.5 for dual combination; -9.8 to -20.6 for a low-dose combination polypill in comparison with a MD of -0.9 to -5.2 for placebo; -9.0 to -29.3 for a low-dose combination polypill compared with -2.0 to -20.6 for monotherapy or usual care. All trials reported similar rates of adverse events. Ten studies reported medication adherence, six reported >95% adherence. Triple and quadruple combination antihypertensive medications are effective. Studies of low-dose triple and quadruple combinations involving treatment naïve populations suggest initiating such combinations are safe and effective as first-line therapy for stage 2 hypertension (BP >140/90 mm Hg).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/chemically induced ; Blood Pressure ; Drug Combinations ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Chemical Substances Antihypertensive Agents ; Drug Combinations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1303417-0
    ISSN 1468-201X ; 1355-6037
    ISSN (online) 1468-201X
    ISSN 1355-6037
    DOI 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321496
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