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Article ; Online: Presumed Silicone Oil Droplets After Intravitreal Pegcetacoplan Injections.

Dessouki, Amr / He, Lingmin / Park, Kaitlyn / Chen, Howard / Chow, Clement C

2023 Volume 141, Issue 11, Page(s) 1062–1065

Abstract: Importance: Recently, intravitreal pegcetacoplan became the first drug to gain US Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of geographic atrophy associated with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, but the administration of this ...

Abstract	Importance: Recently, intravitreal pegcetacoplan became the first drug to gain US Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of geographic atrophy associated with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, but the administration of this medication may be associated with unanticipated posttreatment complications. Objective: To assess the prevalence of presumed silicone oil droplets in the vitreous cavity after intravitreal injection of pegcetacoplan. Design, setting, and participants: This case series study involved a retrospective record review of all 55 patients treated with intravitreal pegcetacoplan, 0.1 mL in 150-mg/mL solution, between March 24 and June 5, 2023, at a single specialty retina practice. All injections were done using needles from the kit supplied by Apellis Pharmaceuticals on a 1-mL McKesson Luer lock syringe. Main outcomes and measures: The presence or absence of presumed silicone bubbles detected during dilated biomicroscopic fundus examination and/or on color fundus photographs, the presence or absence of symptoms, change in visual acuity, and/or increase in intraocular pressure. Results: A total of 62 intravitreal pegcetacoplan injections were given to 55 patients (mean [SD] age, 83.8 [7.8] years; 33 women [60%]) from March 24 to June 5, 2023. Of the 55 patients, 16 (29%; mean [SD] age, 83.8 [7.4] years; 9 women [56%]) had presumed intravitreal silicone droplets discovered 2 to 4 weeks after treatment, 3 of which were documented on color fundus photographs. Of the 16 patients, 14 (88%) were symptomatic for new floaters that they described as persistent, while 2 (13%) were asymptomatic. There were no signs of inflammation or infection, no increases in intraocular pressure, and no changes in visual acuity for all 16 patients. Conclusions and relevance: A substantial percentage of patients had symptomatic floaters from presumed intravitreal silicone oil droplets after injections of pegcetacoplan using a McKesson 1-mL Luer lock syringe. These findings support consideration of informing patients of this potential adverse effect, avoiding use of the McKesson syringe, and considering use of silicone-free syringes for pegcetacoplan injections.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged, 80 and over ; Intravitreal Injections ; Silicone Oils/adverse effects ; Silicones ; Retrospective Studies ; Eye Diseases/chemically induced ; Retina ; Geographic Atrophy/chemically induced
Chemical Substances	Silicone Oils ; pegcetacoplan (TO3JYR3BOU) ; Silicones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2701705-9
ISSN	2168-6173 ; 2168-6165
ISSN (online)	2168-6173
ISSN	2168-6165
DOI	10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.4326
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Article ; Online: Vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmic fundus in autoimmune hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Chow, Clement C / Mieler, William F

Retinal cases & brief reports

2014 Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 164–166

Abstract: Purpose: To report a patient with autoimmune hepatitis and cirrhosis who was diagnosed with severe vitamin A deficiency based on the findings of xerophthalmic fundus.: Methods: Retrospective chart review.: Patient: A 36-year-old African American ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To report a patient with autoimmune hepatitis and cirrhosis who was diagnosed with severe vitamin A deficiency based on the findings of xerophthalmic fundus. Methods: Retrospective chart review. Patient: A 36-year-old African American woman who had a history of autoimmune hepatitis and cirrhosis presents with peripheral retinal white spots, which led to the diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency. Results: The patient presented to the eye clinic for intermittent blurry vision 3 months after the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis secondary to autoimmune hepatitis since age 15. She also underwent partial large and small intestine resection as an infant for Hirschsprung disease. Anterior segment examination was significant for severe punctate epithelial erosions and posterior segment examination was significant for extensive white spots in the peripheral retina in both eyes. Workup showed near nondetectable levels of vitamin A (<0.06 mg/L, normal 0.3-1.2 mg/L) and retinyl palmitate (<0.02 mg/L, normal > 0.2 mg/L). After treatment with 200,000 IU of vitamin A orally, the white spots slowly resolved in ∼6 months. She never developed nyctalopia and her dry eye symptoms completely resolved. Conclusion: Although rare, vitamin A deficiency should be considered in patients with liver cirrhosis especially in those with a history of intestinal surgeries. Early diagnosis and treatment with vitamin A supplementation can reverse the signs and symptoms of xerophthalmia.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune/complications ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Retinal Diseases/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitamin A Deficiency/diagnosis ; Xerophthalmia/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2014
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1937-1578
ISSN (online)	1937-1578
DOI	10.1097/ICB.0000000000000031
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Article ; Online: Treatment of recalcitrant radiation maculopathy using intravitreal dexamethasone (Ozurdex) implant.

Bui, Kelly M / Chow, Clement C / Mieler, William F

Retinal cases & brief reports

2014 Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 167–170

Abstract: Purpose: Radiation maculopathy is the most common cause of severe vision loss after radiotherapy of uveal melanoma. To date, no effective therapy exists. The authors report a novel approach to the treatment of radiation maculopathy using dexamethasone ( ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Radiation maculopathy is the most common cause of severe vision loss after radiotherapy of uveal melanoma. To date, no effective therapy exists. The authors report a novel approach to the treatment of radiation maculopathy using dexamethasone (Ozurdex, Allergan Inc) intravitreal implant. Methods: This is a retrospective case series of two patients who developed radiation maculopathy after radiotherapy for uveal melanoma and was treated with Ozurdex. Clinical outcomes included visual acuity, central foveal thickness by optical coherence tomography, intraocular pressure, and cataract formation. Results: Both patients were of Caucasian descent. Patient 1 received charged-particle radiation, whereas Patient 2 received iodine-125 brachytherapy for medium-sized uveal melanoma located in the midperipheral retina. Radiation maculopathy developed 47 months and 18 months after radiation exposure in Patient 1 and 2, respectively. Both patients initially received bevacizumab monotherapy followed by alternating therapy with bevacizumab and intravitreal triamcinolone. Secondary to a limited response, the patients were treated with Ozurdex implants. One patient had visual improvement, and both patients experienced a prolonged time frame of anatomical stability. Adverse effects included a rise in the intraocular pressure, which was controlled by topical hypotensive agents and posterior subcapsular cataract formation in Patient 1. Conclusion: Ozurdex intravitreal implant provides a prolonged period of anatomical stabilization in recalcitrant cases of radiation maculopathy in patients who have failed multiple intravitreal bevacizumab injections and had only a partial response to intravitreal triamcinolone. Larger prospective studies are required to determine the extent of visual benefit.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage ; Dexamethasone/administration & dosage ; Drug Implants ; Female ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiation Injuries/drug therapy ; Retinal Diseases/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Drug Implants ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1937-1578
ISSN (online)	1937-1578
DOI	10.1097/ICB.0000000000000032
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Article ; Online: Visual Acuity, Vitreous Hemorrhage, and Other Ocular Outcomes After Vitrectomy vs Aflibercept for Vitreous Hemorrhage Due to Diabetic Retinopathy: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Glassman, Adam R / Beaulieu, Wesley T / Maguire, Maureen G / Antoszyk, Andrew N / Chow, Clement C / Elman, Michael J / Jampol, Lee M / Salehi-Had, Hani / Sun, Jennifer K

JAMA ophthalmology

2021 Volume 139, Issue 7, Page(s) 725–733

Abstract: Importance: Although there were no differences in mean visual acuity (VA) over 24 weeks after vitrectomy with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs aflibercept in a randomized clinical trial among eyes with vitreous hemorrhage due to proliferative ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Although there were no differences in mean visual acuity (VA) over 24 weeks after vitrectomy with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs aflibercept in a randomized clinical trial among eyes with vitreous hemorrhage due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), post hoc analyses may influence treatment choices. Objective: To compare exploratory outcomes between treatment groups that may affect treatment choices for patients with vitreous hemorrhage due to PDR. Design, setting, and participants: This post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial conducted at 39 DRCR Retina Network sites included adults with vision loss due to PDR-related vitreous hemorrhage for whom vitrectomy was considered. Data were collected from November 2016 to January 2020. Interventions: Random assignment to 4 monthly injections of aflibercept vs vitrectomy with PRP. Both groups could receive aflibercept or vitrectomy during follow-up based on protocol-specific criteria. Main outcomes and measures: Visual acuity area under the curve (adjusted for baseline VA) and clearance of vitreous hemorrhage. Results: A total of 205 eyes were included in the analysis (115 male [56%] and 90 [44%] female participants; mean [SD] age, 57 [11] years). Among 89 eyes with a baseline VA of 20/32 to 20/160 (47 receiving aflibercept, including 4 [9%] that had undergone vitrectomy; 42 undergoing vitrectomy, including 3 [7%] that had received aflibercept), the adjusted mean difference in VA letter score over 24 weeks between the aflibercept and vitrectomy groups was -4.3 (95% CI, -10.6 to 1.9) compared with -16.7 (95% CI, -24.4 to -9.1) among 59 eyes with baseline VA worse than 20/800 (P = .02 for interaction; 26 in the aflibercept group, including 6 [23%] that had undergone vitrectomy; 33 in the vitrectomy group, including 8 [24%] that had received aflibercept). In the full cohort, the median time to clearance of the initial vitreous hemorrhage was 36 (interquartile range [IQR], 24-52) weeks in the aflibercept group vs 4 (IQR, 4-4) weeks in the vitrectomy group (difference, 32 [95% CI, 20-32] weeks; P < .001). Conclusions and relevance: Both initial aflibercept and vitrectomy with PRP are viable treatment approaches for PDR-related vitreous hemorrhage. Although this study did not find a significant difference between groups in the primary outcome of mean VA over 24 weeks of follow-up, eyes receiving initial vitrectomy with PRP had faster recovery of vision over 24 weeks when baseline VA was worse than 20/800 and faster vitreous hemorrhage clearance. Approximately one-third of the eyes in each group received the alternative treatment (aflibercept or vitrectomy with PRP). These factors may influence treatment decisions for patients initiating therapy for PDR-related vitreous hemorrhage. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02858076.
MeSH term(s)	Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Diabetic Retinopathy/complications ; Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis ; Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ranibizumab/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage/diagnosis ; Vitreous Hemorrhage/drug therapy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage/etiology
Chemical Substances	Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; aflibercept (15C2VL427D) ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Ranibizumab (ZL1R02VT79)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2701705-9
ISSN	2168-6173 ; 2168-6165
ISSN (online)	2168-6173
ISSN	2168-6165
DOI	10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.1110
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Article ; Online: Acquired vasoproliferative retinal tumor: a late sequela of retinopathy of prematurity.

Chow, Clement C / Blair, Michael P / Shapiro, Michael J

Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)

2011 Volume 129, Issue 9, Page(s) 1234–1235

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Bevacizumab ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Gestational Age ; Hemangioma/diagnosis ; Hemangioma/etiology ; Hemangioma/therapy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intravitreal Injections ; Laser Coagulation ; Male ; Retinal Detachment/etiology ; Retinal Detachment/surgery ; Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Retinal Neoplasms/etiology ; Retinal Neoplasms/therapy ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/complications ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy ; Scleral Buckling ; Visual Acuity/physiology
Chemical Substances	Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Bevacizumab (2S9ZZM9Q9V)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	211580-3
ISSN	1538-3601 ; 0003-9950 ; 0093-0326
ISSN (online)	1538-3601
ISSN	0003-9950 ; 0093-0326
DOI	10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.265
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Article ; Online: Bilateral traumatic expulsive aniridia after phacoemulsification.

Oltra, Erica Z / Chow, Clement C / Lunde, Mark W

Middle East African journal of ophthalmology

2010 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 334–336

Abstract: We report a case of bilateral traumatic expulsive aniridia after uneventful phacoemulsification through small clear corneal incisions. Phacoemulsification was performed 8 and 13 months prior to the trauma in the left and right eyes, respectively. In both ...

Abstract	We report a case of bilateral traumatic expulsive aniridia after uneventful phacoemulsification through small clear corneal incisions. Phacoemulsification was performed 8 and 13 months prior to the trauma in the left and right eyes, respectively. In both eyes, the intraocular lens and capsular bag were undisturbed after trauma. After resolution of hyphema, transient elevated intraocular pressure, and anterior chamber inflammation, best corrected visual acuity returned to 20/25 in each eye 6 months later. Self-sealing clear corneal wounds likely serve as a decompression valve during blunt trauma, thus preventing devastating intraocular damage and globe rupture. The intraocular lens may absorb the external force, therefore preventing damage to the capsular bag and zonules as well as preventing prolapse of posterior structures. A review of previously reported cases of traumatic aniridia is also presented.
MeSH term(s)	Aged, 80 and over ; Aniridia/diagnosis ; Aniridia/etiology ; Aniridia/surgery ; Cataract/complications ; Corneal Injuries ; Eye Injuries/complications ; Eye Injuries/diagnosis ; Eye Injuries/surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline/injuries ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification/methods ; Reoperation ; Visual Acuity
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-10-09
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2545467-5
ISSN	0975-1599 ; 0975-1599
ISSN (online)	0975-1599
ISSN	0975-1599
DOI	10.4103/0974-9233.97948
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Article: Lipemia retinalis as a presenting feature of hypertriglyceridemia associated with protease inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.

Chow, Clement C / Birnbaum, Andrea / Janowicz, Mark / Goldstein, Debra A

Retinal cases & brief reports

2012 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 294–297

Abstract: Purpose: To report two cases of lipemia retinalis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus on protease inhibitors with increased triglyceride levels.: Methods: Retrospective review of medical records. Two patients infected with human ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To report two cases of lipemia retinalis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus on protease inhibitors with increased triglyceride levels. Methods: Retrospective review of medical records. Two patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus using protease inhibitors who were diagnosed with severe hypertriglyceridemia based on eye findings of lipemia retinalis. Results: One patient developed triglyceride level of >5,300 mg/dL after adding an integrase inhibitor to a regimen that included protease inhibitors. Hypertriglyceridemia was diagnosed after routine ophthalmic screening for cytomegalovirus retinitis revealed lipemia retinalis. Triglyceride levels improved significantly after both discontinuation of HIV medications and adjustment of cholesterol-lowering medications. Another patient developed triglyceride levels of >9,000 mg/dL while on protease inhibitors, which was also detected on routine retinal examination. Shortly after the diagnosis, he experienced acute coronary syndrome and cardiac arrest requiring plasmapheresis and emergent bypass surgery. Conclusion: Lipemia retinalis is rare but may be a presenting sign of severe hypertriglyceridemia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Recognition of this condition during the ophthalmic examination can lead to diagnosis and may allow for treatment before the development of life-threatening complications, such as pancreatitis and acute coronary syndrome.
Language	English
Publishing date	2012
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1935-1089
ISSN	1935-1089
DOI	10.1097/ICB.0b013e318234ccdd
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Article ; Online: Use of infliximab in the treatment of peripheral ulcerative keratitis in Crohn disease.

Pham, Mary / Chow, Clement C / Badawi, David / Tu, Elmer Y

American journal of ophthalmology

2011 Volume 152, Issue 2, Page(s) 183–188.e2

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Corneal Ulcer/drug therapy ; Corneal Ulcer/physiopathology ; Crohn Disease/drug therapy ; Crohn Disease/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infliximab ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity/physiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Infliximab (B72HH48FLU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80030-2
ISSN	1879-1891 ; 0002-9394
ISSN (online)	1879-1891
ISSN	0002-9394
DOI	10.1016/j.ajo.2011.01.059
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Article ; Online: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Neurocognitive Function, Retinopathy, and Retinal Thinning by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Sickle Cell Patients.

Oltra, Erica Z / Chow, Clement C / Wubben, Thomas / Lim, Jennifer I / Chau, Felix Y / Moss, Heather E

Middle East African journal of ophthalmology

2016 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 79–83

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose was to examine the relationship between neurocognitive function and two distinct forms of retinopathy in sickle cell disease.: Materials and methods: Patients with sickle cell disease (n = 44, age range: 19-56 years, 70% female) ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose was to examine the relationship between neurocognitive function and two distinct forms of retinopathy in sickle cell disease. Materials and methods: Patients with sickle cell disease (n = 44, age range: 19-56 years, 70% female) were prospectively recruited for this cross-sectional study. Retinopathy was characterized by: (1) Presence of focal retinal thinning on spectral domain optical coherence tomography and (2) determination of the sickle retinopathy stage on funduscopic exam based on Goldberg classification. Neurocognitive function was assessed using the Philadelphia Brief Assessment of Cognition (PBAC), a validated test of cognition. Univariate and multivariate analyses for PBAC score outcomes were performed. Retinal thinning and retinopathy stage were primary variables of interest and age, gender, genotype, education, and history of stroke were covariates. Results: Univariate analysis revealed associations with total PBAC score and age (P = 0.049), history of stroke (P = 0.04), and genotype (P < 0.001). Focal retinal thinning and Goldberg retinopathy stage were not associated with each other in this sample. Neither the presence of focal retinal thinning nor degree of retinopathy was associated with total PBAC score in univariate or multivariate analyses. Conclusions: We find an association between lower cognitive function and older age, history of stroke and sickle cell genotype SS in patients with sickle cell disease. Our data do not provide evidence to support an association between cognitive function and retinopathy in sickle cell patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/classification ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/diagnosis ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/physiopathology ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/physiopathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Retina/physiopathology ; Retinal Diseases/diagnosis ; Retinal Diseases/physiopathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2545467-5
ISSN	0975-1599 ; 0974-9233
ISSN (online)	0975-1599
ISSN	0974-9233
DOI	10.4103/0974-9233.150632
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Article ; Online: Peripheral nonperfusion and tractional retinal detachment associated with congenital optic nerve anomalies.

Shapiro, Michael J / Chow, Clement C / Blair, Michael P / Kiernan, Daniel F / Kaufman, Lawrence M

Ophthalmology

2013 Volume 120, Issue 3, Page(s) 607–615

Abstract: Purpose: To report an association of congenital optic nerve anomalies with peripheral retina nonperfusion and to describe the clinical manifestations and treatment.: Design: Retrospective, observational case series.: Participants: Fifteen patients ...

Abstract	Purpose: To report an association of congenital optic nerve anomalies with peripheral retina nonperfusion and to describe the clinical manifestations and treatment. Design: Retrospective, observational case series. Participants: Fifteen patients with congenital optic nerve anomalies referred for pediatric retina consultation were studied. Sixteen eyes of 9 patients with optic nerve hypoplasia and 8 eyes of 6 patients with other congenital optic nerve anomalies, including optic nerve coloboma, morning glory disc, and peripapillary staphyloma, were included. Methods: All patients underwent examinations under anesthesia. Wide-angle retina photographs and fluorescein angiograms were reviewed. The severity of nonperfusion was graded. The presence of fibrovascular proliferation (FP), vitreous hemorrhage (VH), and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) were documented. Anatomic outcome after treatment was recorded. Main outcome measures: Severity of nonperfusion, occurrence of secondary complications, and the anatomic outcome of patients who underwent laser treatment. Results: In patients with optic nerve hypoplasia, 12 of 16 eyes (75%) had severe peripheral nonperfusion, 12 of 16 eyes (75%) had FP, 3 of 16 eyes (19%) had VH, and 10 of 16 eyes (63%) had TRD. Six of these eyes with severe nonperfusion received laser photocoagulation to the nonperfused retina; laser-treated retinas remained attached in all 6 eyes. In patients with the other optic nerve anomalies, 7 of 8 eyes (88%) had mild to moderate nonperfusion, 2 of 8 eyes (25%) had FP, 1 of 8 eyes (12%) had VH, and 2 of 8 eyes (25%) had TRD. Six of 9 patients (67%) with optic nerve hypoplasia and 1 of 6 patients (17%) with other anomalies had a coexisting congenital brain disease. Conclusions: Congenital optic nerve anomalies may be associated with peripheral retina nonperfusion and the secondary complications of FP, VH, and TRD. In this select group of patients, the nonperfusion associated with optic nerve hypoplasia seemed to be more severe and associated more frequently with secondary complications. Peripheral retina examination in eyes with optic nerve anomalies may identify nonperfusion or FP. Laser treatment of the avascular retina may have helped prevent complications from proliferative retinopathy in eyes clinically observed to have progressed or considered at risk for progression to proliferative retinopathy.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coloboma/complications ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Optic Nerve/abnormalities ; Retinal Detachment/etiology ; Retinal Vessels/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitreous Hemorrhage/etiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	392083-5
ISSN	1549-4713 ; 0161-6420
ISSN (online)	1549-4713
ISSN	0161-6420
DOI	10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.08.027
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