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Article ; Online: Global change impacts on bird biodiversity in South Asia

Imran Khaliq / Matthias Biber / Diana E. Bowler / Christian Hof

PeerJ, Vol 11, p e

potential effects of future land-use and climate change on avian species richness in Pakistan

2023 Volume 16212

Abstract: Evaluating the impact of future changes in land-use and climate on species communities, especially species richness, is one of the most important challenges of current research in ecology and conservation. The impact of environmental changes on species ... ...

Abstract	Evaluating the impact of future changes in land-use and climate on species communities, especially species richness, is one of the most important challenges of current research in ecology and conservation. The impact of environmental changes on species richness depends on its sensitivity (i.e., how strongly a given level of change influences the ecological community) and its exposure (i.e., the amount of change that occurs). To examine the sensitivity, exposure, and potential impact of future environmental conditions on bird communities, we compiled data on bird species richness for Pakistan—a neglected region in macro- or country-scale studies. Since bird species richness strongly varies across seasons due to the seasonal occurrence of migratory species in winter, we compared both wintering (migratory plus resident species) and breeding (resident species only) bird richness. We found breeding and wintering species richness to be sensitive to temperature, precipitation and rainfed cropland by being positively related to these factors. Exposure varied regionally, with projected temperature changes being most profound in northern regions while the strongest projected precipitation changes occurred in central and southern regions. The projected impact of future environmental change were highly heterogeneous across the country and differed between the wintering and breeding communities. Overall, the most negatively impacted region was projected to be the Khyber Pakhtunkha province in the North of Pakistan, due to reductions in precipitation and rainfed cropland, resulting in a projected negative impact, especially on wintering species richness. By highlighting the regional and seasonal bird communities most at risk, our findings provide useful information for policy makers to help devise new policies for mitigating negative impacts of future environmental changes on birds within Pakistan.
Keywords	Species richness ; Birds ; Climate change ; Land-use ; Pakistan ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Testing the heat dissipation limitation hypothesis

Imran Khaliq / Christian Hof

PeerJ, Vol 6, p e

basal metabolic rates of endotherms decrease with increasing upper and lower critical temperatures

2018 Volume 5725

Abstract: Metabolic critical temperatures define the range of ambient temperatures where endotherms are able to minimize energy allocation to thermogenesis. Examining the relationship between metabolic critical temperatures and basal metabolic rates (BMR) provides ...

Abstract	Metabolic critical temperatures define the range of ambient temperatures where endotherms are able to minimize energy allocation to thermogenesis. Examining the relationship between metabolic critical temperatures and basal metabolic rates (BMR) provides a unique opportunity to gain a better understanding of how animals respond to varying ambient climatic conditions, especially in times of ongoing and projected future climate change. We make use of this opportunity by testing the heat dissipation limit (HDL) theory, which hypothesizes that the maximum amount of heat a species can dissipate constrains its energetics. Specifically, we test the theory’s implicit prediction that BMR should be lower under higher metabolic critical temperatures. We analysed the relationship of BMR with upper and lower critical temperatures for a large dataset of 146 endotherm species using regression analyses, carefully accounting for phylogenetic relationships and body mass. We show that metabolic critical temperatures are negatively related with BMR in both birds and mammals. Our results confirm the predictions of the HDL theory, suggesting that metabolic critical temperatures and basal metabolic rates respond in concert to ambient climatic conditions. This implies that heat dissipation capacities of endotherms may be an important factor to take into account in assessments of species’ vulnerability to climate change.
Keywords	BMR ; Energy ; Endogenous heat load ; Birds ; Mammals ; Macrophysiology ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: It’s not (all) about the money — supporting IPBES through challenging times

Christian Hof / Marten Winter / Stefan Hotes / Lars Opgenoorth

Frontiers of Biogeography, Vol 9, Iss

2017 Volume 1

Abstract: An IPCC for biodiversity" – this is what many people were hoping for when the Intergovernmental Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) was founded. IPBES has had a very promising start – with a comprehensive conceptual framework and an ...

Abstract	"An IPCC for biodiversity" – this is what many people were hoping for when the Intergovernmental Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) was founded. IPBES has had a very promising start – with a comprehensive conceptual framework and an ambitious work program. Its first published thematic assessment on pollinators, pollination and food production received wide attention within the scientific community and far beyond; the uptake by decision makers at national and regional levels has been impressive. However, during its last plenary session in March 2017, IPBES was confronted with difficult decisions due to insufficient financial pledges to the Platform’s Voluntary Trust Fund. Here, we discuss the potential consequences of the budget cuts as well as other challenges IPBES is facing, such as in facilitating stakeholder engagement. We encourage all biogeographers and other biodiversity scientists to engage in the IPBES process - to give IPBES a chance to flourish and thereby to give biodiversity an opportunity to remain on the global political agenda.
Keywords	Biodiversity ; Conservation biogeography ; Economics ; Extinction ; IPBES ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Microbial ecology ; QR100-130
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	International Biogeography Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: (with research data) Evolutionary processes, dispersal limitation and climatic history shape current diversity patterns of European dragonflies

Pinkert, Stefan / Christian Hof / Christoph Reudenbach / Dirk Zeuss / Klaas‐Douwe B. Dijkstra / Roland Brandl

Ecography. 2018 May, v. 41, no. 5

2018

Abstract: We investigated the effects of contemporary and historical factors on the spatial variation of European dragonfly diversity. Specifically, we tested to what extent patterns of endemism and phylogenetic diversity of European dragonfly assemblages are ... ...

Abstract	We investigated the effects of contemporary and historical factors on the spatial variation of European dragonfly diversity. Specifically, we tested to what extent patterns of endemism and phylogenetic diversity of European dragonfly assemblages are structured by 1) phylogenetic conservatism of thermal adaptations and 2) differences in the ability of post‐glacial recolonization by species adapted to running waters (lotic) and still waters (lentic). We investigated patterns of dragonfly diversity using digital distribution maps and a phylogeny of 122 European dragonfly species, which we constructed by combining taxonomic and molecular data. We calculated total taxonomic distinctiveness and mean pairwise distances across 4192 50 × 50 km equal‐area grid cells as measures of phylogenetic diversity. We compared species richness with corrected weighted endemism and standardized effect sizes of mean pairwise distances or residuals of total taxonomic distinctiveness to identify areas with higher or lower phylogenetic diversity than expected by chance. Broken‐line regression was used to detect breakpoints in diversity–latitude relationships. Dragonfly species richness peaked in central Europe, whereas endemism and phylogenetic diversity decreased from warm areas in the south‐west to cold areas in the north‐east and with an increasing proportion of lentic species. Except for species richness, all measures of diversity were consistently higher in formerly unglaciated areas south of the 0°C isotherm during the Last Glacial Maximum than in formerly glaciated areas. These results indicate that the distributions of dragonfly species in Europe were shaped by both phylogenetic conservatism of thermal adaptations and differences between lentic and lotic species in the ability of post‐glacial recolonization/dispersal in concert with the climatic history of the continent. The complex diversity patterns of European dragonflies provide an example of how integrating climatic and evolutionary history with contemporary ecological data can improve our understanding of the processes driving the geographical variation of biological diversity.
Keywords	Anisoptera (Odonata) ; geographical variation ; indigenous species ; lentic systems ; lotic systems ; phylogeny ; species diversity ; Central European region ; Europe
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-05
Size	p. 795-804.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1112659-0
ISSN	0906-7590
ISSN	0906-7590
DOI	10.1111/ecog.03137
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The influence of thermal tolerances on geographical ranges of endotherms

Khaliq, Imran / Katrin BÃ¶hningâGaese / Roland Prinzinger / Markus Pfenninger / Christian Hof

Global ecology and biogeography. 2017 June, v. 26, no. 6

2017

Abstract: AIM: To understand how climatic conditions influence the geographical distributions of species and their potential responses to climate change, we investigated the relationships between the thermal tolerances of species and the size and limits of their ... ...

Abstract	AIM: To understand how climatic conditions influence the geographical distributions of species and their potential responses to climate change, we investigated the relationships between the thermal tolerances of species and the size and limits of their distributions. We tested two hypotheses for endotherms: the climatic variability hypothesis, which predicts increases in range size with increasing breadth of thermal tolerance, and the climatic extreme hypothesis, which predicts that range limits are related to thermal tolerance limits. Furthermore, we tested whether these relationships differ between temperate and tropical areas. LOCATION: Global. TIME PERIOD: Present. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Birds and mammals. METHODS: We compiled data on thermal tolerances that had been measured in physiological experiments for 453 endothermic species, along with information on geographical ranges and climatic conditions. We applied phylogenetic generalized least square regressions to test for relationships between thermal tolerance and (a) range size or limits and (b) breadth and extremes of the climatic conditions that each species experiences across its distribution. RESULTS: We found that range size was not related to the breadth thermal tolerance for endotherms. However, the range limits at high latitudes as well as the minimum temperatures experienced by species were closely related to the physiological cold tolerances of species. These relationships were particularly strong in temperate regions, but these patterns were not found in the tropics. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our results are inconsistent with the predictions of the climatic variability hypothesis, but are in line with the predictions of the climatic extreme hypothesis. Furthermore, the factors determining species distributions do not appear to be the same in tropical and temperate regions. Our study emphasizes the need to combine spatially explicit distribution models with information from physiological experiments in order to capture regional differences and improve predictions of the responses of species to climate change.
Keywords	birds ; climate change ; climatic factors ; endothermy ; heat tolerance ; latitude ; mammals ; models ; phylogeny ; prediction ; temperate zones ; temperature ; tropics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-06
Size	p. 650-668.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2021283-5
ISSN	1466-8238 ; 1466-822X ; 0960-7447
ISSN (online)	1466-8238
ISSN	1466-822X ; 0960-7447
DOI	10.1111/geb.12575
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A framework integrating physiology, dispersal and landâuse to project species ranges under climate change

Methorst, Joel / Christian Hof / Imran Khaliq / Katrin BÃ¶hningâGaese

Journal of avian biology. 2017 Dec., v. 48, no. 12

2017

Abstract: To study the potential effects of climate change on species, one of the most popular approaches are species distribution models (SDMs). However, they usually fail to consider important speciesâspecific biological traits, such as speciesâ ... ...

Abstract	To study the potential effects of climate change on species, one of the most popular approaches are species distribution models (SDMs). However, they usually fail to consider important speciesâspecific biological traits, such as speciesâ physiological capacities or dispersal ability. Furthermore, there is consensus that climate change does not influence species distributions in isolation, but together with other anthropogenic impacts such as landâuse change, even though studies investigating the relative impacts of different threats on species and their geographic ranges are still rare. Here we propose a novel integrative approach which produces refined future range projections by combining SDMs based on distribution, climate, and physiological tolerance data with empirical data on dispersal ability as well as current and future landâuse. Range projections based on different combinations of these factors show strong variation in projected range size for our study species Emberiza hortulana. Using climate and physiological data alone, strong range gains are projected. However, when we account for landâuse change and dispersal ability, future rangeâgain may even turn into a future range loss. Our study highlights the importance of accounting for biological traits and processes in species distribution models and of considering the additive effects of climate and landâuse change to achieve more reliable range projections. Furthermore, with our approach we present a new tool to assess speciesâ vulnerability to climate change which can be easily applied to multiple species.
Keywords	additive effect ; anthropogenic activities ; biogeography ; climate ; climate change ; Emberiza ; land use change ; models ; physiology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-12
Size	p. 1532-1548.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2028018-X
ISSN	1600-048X ; 0908-8857
ISSN (online)	1600-048X
ISSN	0908-8857
DOI	10.1111/jav.01299
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Diversity in time and space: wanted dead and alive

Fritz, Susanne A / Catherine H. Graham / Christian Hof / Jan Schnitzler / Jussi T. Eronen / Katrin Böhning-Gaese

Trends in ecology & evolution. 2013 Sept., v. 28, no. 9

2013

Abstract: Current patterns of biological diversity are influenced by both historical and present-day factors, yet research in ecology and evolution is largely split between paleontological and neontological studies. Responding to recent calls for integration, we ... ...

Abstract	Current patterns of biological diversity are influenced by both historical and present-day factors, yet research in ecology and evolution is largely split between paleontological and neontological studies. Responding to recent calls for integration, we provide a conceptual framework that capitalizes on data and methods from both disciplines to investigate fundamental processes. We highlight the opportunities arising from a combined approach with four examples: (i) which mechanisms generate spatial and temporal variation in diversity; (ii) how traits evolve; (iii) what determines the temporal dynamics of geographical ranges and ecological niches; and (iv) how species–environment and biotic interactions shape community structure. Our framework provides conceptual guidelines for combining paleontological and neontological perspectives to unravel the fundamental processes shaping life on Earth.
MeSH term(s)	Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Ecology/methods ; Environment ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Paleontology
Keywords	biodiversity ; community structure ; evolution ; guidelines ; niches ; temporal variation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-09
Size	p. 509-516.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	284965-3
ISSN	1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
ISSN (online)	1872-8383
ISSN	0169-5347
DOI	10.1016/j.tree.2013.05.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Macroecology meets IPBES

Christian Hof / D. Matthias Dehling / Aletta Bonn / Neil D. Burgess / Felix Eigenbrod / Michael B. J. Harfoot / Thomas Hickler / Walter Jetz / Elisabeth Marquard / Henrique M. Pereira / Katrin Böhning-Gaese

Frontiers of Biogeography, Vol 7, Iss

2016 Volume 4

Abstract: The Intergovernmental Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), established in 2012 to counter the biodiversity crisis, requires the best scientific input available to function as a successful science-policy interface that addresses the ... ...

Abstract	The Intergovernmental Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), established in 2012 to counter the biodiversity crisis, requires the best scientific input available to function as a successful science-policy interface that addresses the knowledge needs of governments for safeguarding nature and its services. For the macroecological research community, IPBES presents a great opportunity to contribute knowledge, data and methods, and to help identify and address knowledge gaps and methodological impediments. Here, we outline our perspectives on how macroecology may contribute to IPBES. We focus on three essential topics for the IPBES process, where contributions by macroecologists will be invaluable: biodiversity data, biodiversity modelling, and modelling of ecosystem services. For each topic, we discuss the potential for contributions from the macroecological community, as well as limitations, challenges, and knowledge gaps. Overall, engagement of the macroecological community with IPBES should lead to mutual benefits. Macroecologists may profit as their contributions to IPBES may strengthen and inspire them as a community to design and conduct research that provides society-relevant results. Furthermore, macroecological contributions will help IPBES become a successful instrument of knowledge exchange and uncover the linkages between biodiversity and human well-being.
Keywords	biodiversity ; biodiversity data ; ecosystem services ; modelling ; scenarios ; science-policy interface ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Microbial ecology ; QR100-130
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	International Biogeography Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ecological networks are more sensitive to plant than to animal extinction under climate change

Matthias Schleuning / Jochen Fründ / Oliver Schweiger / Erik Welk / Jörg Albrecht / Matthias Albrecht / Marion Beil / Gita Benadi / Nico Blüthgen / Helge Bruelheide / Katrin Böhning-Gaese / D. Matthias Dehling / Carsten F. Dormann / Nina Exeler / Nina Farwig / Alexander Harpke / Thomas Hickler / Anselm Kratochwil / Michael Kuhlmann /

Ingolf Kühn / Denis Michez / Sonja Mudri-Stojnić / Michaela Plein / Pierre Rasmont / Angelika Schwabe / Josef Settele / Ante Vujić / Christiane N. Weiner / Martin Wiemers / Christian Hof

Nature Communications, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2016 Volume 9

Abstract: In addition to affecting individual species, climate change can modify species interactions. Coupling simulation models with networks between plants and animal pollinators and seed dispersers, Schleuninget al. show that animal persistence under climate ... ...

Abstract	In addition to affecting individual species, climate change can modify species interactions. Coupling simulation models with networks between plants and animal pollinators and seed dispersers, Schleuninget al. show that animal persistence under climate change depends more strongly on plant persistence than vice versa.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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