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Article ; Online: Parental compliance and reasons for COVID-19 Vaccination among American children.

Neil K R Sehgal / Benjamin Rader / Autumn Gertz / Christina M Astley / John S Brownstein

PLOS Digital Health, Vol 2, Iss 4, p e

2023 Volume 0000147

Abstract: COVID-19 vaccination rates among children have stalled, while new coronavirus strains continue to emerge. To improve child vaccination rates, policymakers must better understand parental preferences and reasons for COVID-19 vaccination among their ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19 vaccination rates among children have stalled, while new coronavirus strains continue to emerge. To improve child vaccination rates, policymakers must better understand parental preferences and reasons for COVID-19 vaccination among their children. Cross-sectional surveys were administered online to 30,174 US parents with at least one child of COVID-19 vaccine eligible age (5-17 years) between January 1 and May 9, 2022. Participants self-reported willingness to vaccinate their child and reasons for refusal, and answered additional questions about demographics, pandemic related behavior, and vaccination status. Willingness to vaccinate a child for COVID-19 was strongly associated with parental vaccination status (multivariate odds ratio 97.9, 95% confidence interval 86.9-111.0). The majority of fully vaccinated (86%) and unvaccinated (84%) parents reported concordant vaccination preferences for their eligible child. Age and education had differing relationships by vaccination status, with higher age and education positively associated with willingness among vaccinated parents. Among all parents unwilling to vaccinate their children, the two most frequently reported reasons were possible side effects (47%) and that vaccines are too new (44%). Unvaccinated parents were much more likely to list a lack of trust in government (41% to 21%, p < .001) and a lack of trust in scientists (34% to 19%, p < .001) as reasons for refusal. Cluster analysis identified three groups of unwilling parents based on their reasons for refusal to vaccinate, with distinct concerns that may be obscured when analyzed in aggregate. Factors associated with willingness to vaccinate children and reasons for refusal may inform targeted approaches to increase vaccination.
Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spatial modeling of vaccine deserts as barriers to controlling SARS-CoV-2

Benjamin Rader / Christina M. Astley / Kara Sewalk / Paul L. Delamater / Kathryn Cordiano / Laura Wronski / Jessica Malaty Rivera / Kai Hallberg / Megan F. Pera / Jonathan Cantor / Christopher M. Whaley / Dena M. Bravata / Leslie Lee / Anita Patel / John S. Brownstein

Communications Medicine, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: Rader et al. model spatial accessibility to COVID-19 vaccines in the US, identifying vaccine deserts where access was insufficient during the first phase of the rollout. Rural areas and medically vulnerable populations are found to have poorer access to ... ...

Abstract	Rader et al. model spatial accessibility to COVID-19 vaccines in the US, identifying vaccine deserts where access was insufficient during the first phase of the rollout. Rural areas and medically vulnerable populations are found to have poorer access to vaccines, as are areas with higher proportions of Black, Hispanic and older residents.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of longitudinal trends in self-reported symptoms and COVID-19 case activity in Ontario, Canada.

Arjuna S Maharaj / Jennifer Parker / Jessica P Hopkins / Effie Gournis / Isaac I Bogoch / Benjamin Rader / Christina M Astley / Noah M Ivers / Jared B Hawkins / Liza Lee / Ashleigh R Tuite / David N Fisman / John S Brownstein / Lauren Lapointe-Shaw

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 1, p e

2022 Volume 0262447

Abstract: Background Limitations in laboratory diagnostic capacity impact population surveillance of COVID-19. It is currently unknown whether participatory surveillance tools for COVID-19 correspond to government-reported case trends longitudinally and if it can ... ...

Abstract	Background Limitations in laboratory diagnostic capacity impact population surveillance of COVID-19. It is currently unknown whether participatory surveillance tools for COVID-19 correspond to government-reported case trends longitudinally and if it can be used as an adjunct to laboratory testing. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether self-reported COVID-19-like illness reflected laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case trends in Ontario Canada. Methods We retrospectively analyzed longitudinal self-reported symptoms data collected using an online tool-Outbreaks Near Me (ONM)-from April 20th, 2020, to March 7th, 2021 in Ontario, Canada. We measured the correlation between COVID-like illness among respondents and the weekly number of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and provincial test positivity. We explored contemporaneous changes in other respiratory viruses, as well as the demographic characteristics of respondents to provide context for our findings. Results Between 3,849-11,185 individuals responded to the symptom survey each week. No correlations were seen been self-reported CLI and either cases or test positivity. Strong positive correlations were seen between CLI and both cases and test positivity before a previously documented rise in rhinovirus/enterovirus in fall 2020. Compared to participatory surveillance respondents, a higher proportion of COVID-19 cases in Ontario consistently came from low-income, racialized and immigrant areas of the province- these groups were less well represented among survey respondents. Interpretation Although digital surveillance systems are low-cost tools that have been useful to signal the onset of viral outbreaks, in this longitudinal comparison of self-reported COVID-like illness to Ontario COVID-19 case data we did not find this to be the case. Seasonal respiratory virus transmission and population coverage may explain this discrepancy.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Author Correction

Erika Molteni / Christina M. Astley / Wenjie Ma / Carole H. Sudre / Laura A. Magee / Benjamin Murray / Tove Fall / Maria F. Gomez / Neli Tsereteli / Paul W. Franks / John S. Brownstein / Richard Davies / Jonathan Wolf / Tim D. Spector / Sebastien Ourselin / Claire J. Steves / Andrew T. Chan / Marc Modat

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Symptoms and syndromes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity in pregnant women from two community cohorts

2022 Volume 2

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Using metabolite profiling to construct and validate a metabolite risk score for predicting future weight gain.

Nina Geidenstam / Yu-Han H Hsu / Christina M Astley / Josep M Mercader / Martin Ridderstråle / Maria E Gonzalez / Clicerio Gonzalez / Joel N Hirschhorn / Rany M Salem

PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 9, p e

2019 Volume 0222445

Abstract: BACKGROUND:Excess weight gain throughout adulthood can lead to adverse clinical outcomes and are influenced by complex factors that are difficult to measure in free-living individuals. Metabolite profiling offers an opportunity to systematically discover ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND:Excess weight gain throughout adulthood can lead to adverse clinical outcomes and are influenced by complex factors that are difficult to measure in free-living individuals. Metabolite profiling offers an opportunity to systematically discover new predictors for weight gain that are relatively easy to measure compared to traditional approaches. METHODS AND RESULTS:Using baseline metabolite profiling data of middle-aged individuals from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS; n = 1,508), we identified 42 metabolites associated (p < 0.05) with longitudinal change in body mass index (BMI). We performed stepwise linear regression to select 8 of these metabolites to build a metabolite risk score (MRS) for predicting future weight gain. We replicated the MRS using data from the Mexico City Diabetes Study (MCDS; n = 768), in which one standard deviation increase in the MRS corresponded to ~0.03 increase in BMI (kg/m2) per year (i.e. ~0.09 kg/year for a 1.7 m adult). We observed that none of the available anthropometric, lifestyle, and glycemic variables fully account for the MRS prediction of weight gain. Surprisingly, we found the MRS to be strongly correlated with baseline insulin sensitivity in both cohorts and to be negatively predictive of T2D in MCDS. Genome-wide association study of the MRS identified 2 genome-wide (p < 5 × 10-8) and 5 suggestively (p < 1 × 10-6) significant loci, several of which have been previously linked to obesity-related phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS:We have constructed and validated a generalizable MRS for future weight gain that is an independent predictor distinct from several other known risk factors. The MRS captures a composite biological picture of weight gain, perhaps hinting at the anabolic effects of preserved insulin sensitivity. Future investigation is required to assess the relationships between MRS-predicted weight gain and other obesity-related diseases.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Symptoms and syndromes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity in pregnant women from two community cohorts

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract We tested whether pregnant and non-pregnant women differ in COVID-19 symptom profile and severity, and we extended previous investigations on hospitalized pregnant women to those who did not require hospitalization. Two female community-based ... ...

Abstract	Abstract We tested whether pregnant and non-pregnant women differ in COVID-19 symptom profile and severity, and we extended previous investigations on hospitalized pregnant women to those who did not require hospitalization. Two female community-based cohorts (18–44 years) provided longitudinal (smartphone application, N = 1,170,315, n = 79 pregnant tested positive) and cross-sectional (web-based survey, N = 1,344,966, n = 134 pregnant tested positive) data, prospectively collected through self-participatory citizen surveillance in UK, Sweden and USA. Pregnant and non-pregnant were compared for frequencies of events, including SARS-CoV-2 testing, symptoms and hospitalization rates. Multivariable regression was used to investigate symptoms severity and comorbidity effects. Pregnant and non-pregnant women positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were not different in syndromic severity, except for gastrointestinal symptoms. Pregnant were more likely to have received testing, despite reporting fewer symptoms. Pre-existing lung disease was most closely associated with syndromic severity in pregnant hospitalized. Heart and kidney diseases and diabetes increased risk. The most frequent symptoms among non-hospitalized women were anosmia [63% pregnant, 92% non-pregnant] and headache [72%, 62%]. Cardiopulmonary symptoms, including persistent cough [80%] and chest pain [73%], were more frequent among pregnant who were hospitalized. Consistent with observations in non-pregnant populations, lung disease and diabetes were associated with increased risk of more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Association of social distancing and face mask use with risk of COVID-19

Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 10

Abstract: Estimating the effectiveness of COVID-19 control measures requires large prospective data including symptoms and personal risk factors. Here, the authors used data from smartphone-based application and found that individual face mask use was associated ... ...

Abstract	Estimating the effectiveness of COVID-19 control measures requires large prospective data including symptoms and personal risk factors. Here, the authors used data from smartphone-based application and found that individual face mask use was associated with a 64% reduced risk of COVID-19 symptoms.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Knowledge barriers in a national symptomatic-COVID-19 testing programme.

PLOS Global Public Health, Vol 2, Iss 1, p e

2022 Volume 0000028

Abstract: Symptomatic testing programmes are crucial to the COVID-19 pandemic response. We sought to examine United Kingdom (UK) testing rates amongst individuals with test-qualifying symptoms, and factors associated with not testing. We analysed a cohort of ... ...

Abstract	Symptomatic testing programmes are crucial to the COVID-19 pandemic response. We sought to examine United Kingdom (UK) testing rates amongst individuals with test-qualifying symptoms, and factors associated with not testing. We analysed a cohort of untested symptomatic app users (N = 1,237), nested in the Zoe COVID Symptom Study (Zoe, N = 4,394,948); and symptomatic respondents who wanted, but did not have a test (N = 1,956), drawn from a University of Maryland survey administered to Facebook users (The Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey [CTIS], N = 775,746). The proportion tested among individuals with incident test-qualifying symptoms rose from ~20% to ~75% from April to December 2020 in Zoe. Testing was lower with one vs more symptoms (72.9% vs 84.6% p<0.001), or short vs long symptom duration (69.9% vs 85.4% p<0.001). 40.4% of survey respondents did not identify all three test-qualifying symptoms. Symptom identification decreased for every decade older (OR = 0.908 [95% CI 0.883-0.933]). Amongst symptomatic UMD-CTIS respondents who wanted but did not have a test, not knowing where to go was the most cited factor (32.4%); this increased for each decade older (OR = 1.207 [1.129-1.292]) and for every 4-years fewer in education (OR = 0.685 [0.599-0.783]). Despite current UK messaging on COVID-19 testing, there is a knowledge gap about when and where to test, and this may be contributing to the ~25% testing gap. Risk factors, including older age and less education, highlight potential opportunities to tailor public health messages. The testing gap may be ever larger in countries that do not have extensive, free testing, as the UK does.
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Author Correction

Long H. Nguyen / Amit D. Joshi / David A. Drew / Jordi Merino / Wenjie Ma / Chun-Han Lo / Sohee Kwon / Kai Wang / Mark S. Graham / Lorenzo Polidori / Cristina Menni / Carole H. Sudre / Adjoa Anyane-Yeboa / Christina M. Astley / Erica T. Warner / Christina Y. Hu / Somesh Selvachandran / Richard Davies / Denis Nash /

Paul W. Franks / Jonathan Wolf / Sebastien Ourselin / Claire J. Steves / Tim D. Spector / Andrew T. Chan / COPE Consortium

Nature Communications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Self-reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake among participants from different racial and ethnic groups in the United States and United Kingdom

2022 Volume 1

Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Self-reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake among participants from different racial and ethnic groups in the United States and United Kingdom

Paul W. Franks / Jonathan Wolf / Sebastien Ourselin / Claire J. Steves / Tim D. Spector / Andrew T. Chan / COPE Consortium

Nature Communications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: The authors show differences in self-reported vaccine hesitancy and uptake among participants from different racial and ethnic groups in the United States and in the United Kingdom during the initial phase of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. ...

Abstract	The authors show differences in self-reported vaccine hesitancy and uptake among participants from different racial and ethnic groups in the United States and in the United Kingdom during the initial phase of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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