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  1. Article: A rare case of

    Doub, James B / Chua, Joel V

    Germs

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 254–258

    Abstract: Introduction: Nosocomial ventriculitis is a severe infection that habitually plagues neurological intensive care units. It is usually associated with external ventricular drains. Unfortunately, classic cerebral spinal fluid parameters are less specific ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Nosocomial ventriculitis is a severe infection that habitually plagues neurological intensive care units. It is usually associated with external ventricular drains. Unfortunately, classic cerebral spinal fluid parameters are less specific and sensitive compared to community acquired meningitis. This is in part secondary to indolent bacteria commonly infecting external ventricular drains leading to ventriculitis.
    Case report: Herein, a rare case of
    Conclusions: This case reinforces the need for clinicians to have heightened awareness of this emerging pathogen, its antibiotic resistance patterns, and the unique composition of this bacterium's cell wall which has ramifications on disease presentation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-30
    Publishing country Romania
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2649305-6
    ISSN 2248-2997
    ISSN 2248-2997
    DOI 10.18683/germs.2023.1391
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: RNA Interference Therapeutics for Chronic Hepatitis B: Progress, Challenges, and Future Prospects.

    Sneller, Laura / Lin, Christine / Price, Angie / Kottilil, Shyam / Chua, Joel V

    Microorganisms

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 3

    Abstract: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a global health challenge that can result in significant liver-related morbidity and mortality. Despite a prophylactic vaccine being available, patients already living with CHB often must engage in lifelong therapy with ... ...

    Abstract Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a global health challenge that can result in significant liver-related morbidity and mortality. Despite a prophylactic vaccine being available, patients already living with CHB often must engage in lifelong therapy with nucleoside analogues. However, the potential of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics as a promising avenue for CHB treatment is being explored. RNAi, particularly using small interfering RNA (siRNA), targets viral RNA that can be used to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Several candidates are currently being studied and have exhibited varying success in reducing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels, with some showing sustained HBsAg loss after cessation of therapy. The dynamic evolution of RNAi therapy presents a promising trajectory for the development of effective and sustained treatments for CHB. This review highlights recent findings on RNAi therapeutics, including modifications for stability, various delivery vectors, and specific candidates currently in development.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms12030599
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Blockade of CCR4 breaks immune tolerance in chronic hepatitis B patients by modulating regulatory pathways.

    Khanam, Arshi / Ghosh, Alip / Chua, Joel V / Kottilil, Shyam

    Journal of translational medicine

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 271

    Abstract: Background: Immunotargets including checkpoint inhibitors and toll-like receptor 8 agonists have recently gained attention for the recovery of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T cell exhaustion in chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Chemokine receptors have a ... ...

    Abstract Background: Immunotargets including checkpoint inhibitors and toll-like receptor 8 agonists have recently gained attention for the recovery of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T cell exhaustion in chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Chemokine receptors have a similar significant role during viral infections; however, their role in CHB remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the role of chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in deriving immunosuppression during CHB.
    Methods: We characterized CCR4+CD8+ T cells in CHB and identified their involvement in immunosuppression. Further, we examined if CCR4 blockade with mogamulizumab antibody can recover the functional exhaustion in HBsAg-specific T cells.
    Results: CHB patients exhibit higher frequency of CCR4+CD8+ T cells that increase with higher HBsAg levels and fibrosis scores. In vitro, HBs antigen triggers CCR4 expression. These cells express multiple inhibitory receptors and exhibit immunosuppressive functions by producing excessive immunoregulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and TGF-β1. CCR4 Blockade significantly boosted HBsAg-specific antiviral-cytokine production(IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-21) in T cells through enhancing their proliferation capacity and polarizing these cells towards T helper 1(Th1) and T follicular helper cells(T
    Conclusions: CCR4 blockade reconstitutes antiviral immune response in T cells and limits the immunosuppressive functions of Tregs, representing them as a promising immunotherapeutic target for functional cure of CHB.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Cytokines/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Immune Tolerance
    Chemical Substances Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Cytokines ; Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2118570-0
    ISSN 1479-5876 ; 1479-5876
    ISSN (online) 1479-5876
    ISSN 1479-5876
    DOI 10.1186/s12967-023-04104-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: COVID-19 Vaccines-All You Want to Know.

    Shishido, Akira A / Barnes, Ashley H / Narayanan, Shivakumar / Chua, Joel V

    Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 143–172

    Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to an unprecedented public health crisis. The collective global response has led to production of multiple safe and effective vaccines utilizing novel platforms to combat ... ...

    Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to an unprecedented public health crisis. The collective global response has led to production of multiple safe and effective vaccines utilizing novel platforms to combat the virus that have propelled the field of vaccinology forward. Significant challenges to universal vaccine effectiveness remain, including immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 variants, waning of immune response, inadequate knowledge of correlates of protection, and dosing in special populations. This review serves as a detailed evaluation of the development of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, their effectiveness, and challenges to their deployment as a preventive tool.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Immune Evasion
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1183617-9
    ISSN 1098-9048 ; 1069-3424
    ISSN (online) 1098-9048
    ISSN 1069-3424
    DOI 10.1055/s-0042-1759779
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1555: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis in Dengue Virus Infection.

    Khanam, Arshi / Gutiérrez-Barbosa, Hector / Lyke, Kirsten E / Chua, Joel V

    Viruses

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 11

    Abstract: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the major public health concerns around the globe, especially in the tropical regions of the world that contribute to 75% percent of dengue cases. While the majority of DENV infections are mild or asymptomatic, ... ...

    Abstract Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the major public health concerns around the globe, especially in the tropical regions of the world that contribute to 75% percent of dengue cases. While the majority of DENV infections are mild or asymptomatic, approximately 5% of the cases develop a severe form of the disease that is mainly attributed to sequential infection with different DENV serotypes. The severity of dengue depends on many immunopathogenic mechanisms involving both viral and host factors. Emerging evidence implicates an impaired immune response as contributing to disease progression and severity by restricting viral clearance and inducing severe inflammation, subsequently leading to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Moreover, the ability of DENV to infect a wide variety of immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and T and B cells, further dysregulates the antiviral functions of these cells, resulting in viral dissemination. Although several risk factors associated with disease progression have been proposed, gaps persist in the understanding of the disease pathogenesis and further investigations are warranted. In this review, we discuss known mechanisms of DENV-mediated immunopathogenesis and its association with disease progression and severity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dengue Virus/physiology ; Dengue ; Serogroup ; Macrophages/pathology ; Disease Progression
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v14112575
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Campylobacter fetus

    Eke, Uzoamaka A / Doub, James B / Chua, Joel V

    IDCases

    2021  Volume 25, Page(s) e01169

    Abstract: A 36-year-old man with well controlled HIV ... ...

    Abstract A 36-year-old man with well controlled HIV developed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-23
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2745454-X
    ISSN 2214-2509
    ISSN 2214-2509
    DOI 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01169
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Immunopathology of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response in Disease Progression.

    Khanam, Arshi / Chua, Joel V / Kottilil, Shyam

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 11

    Abstract: More than 250 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B despite the availability of highly effective vaccines and oral antivirals. Although innate and adaptive immune cells play crucial roles in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, ... ...

    Abstract More than 250 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B despite the availability of highly effective vaccines and oral antivirals. Although innate and adaptive immune cells play crucial roles in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, they are also accountable for inflammation and subsequently cause liver pathologies. During the initial phase of HBV infection, innate immunity is triggered leading to antiviral cytokines production, followed by activation and intrahepatic recruitment of the adaptive immune system resulting in successful virus elimination. In chronic HBV infection, significant alterations in both innate and adaptive immunity including expansion of regulatory cells, overexpression of co-inhibitory receptors, presence of abundant inflammatory mediators, and modifications in immune cell derived exosome release and function occurs, which overpower antiviral response leading to persistent viral infection and subsequent immune pathologies associated with disease progression towards fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of innate and adaptive immune cells transformations that are associated with immunopathogenesis and disease outcome in CHB patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptive Immunity ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Disease Progression ; Exosomes/immunology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/immunology ; Hepatitis B virus/immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Liver Cirrhosis/etiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/immunology ; Liver Neoplasms/etiology ; Liver Neoplasms/immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Monocytes/immunology ; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/immunology ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
    Chemical Substances Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Receptors, Immunologic ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms22115497
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Mucormycosis: Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Disease.

    Narayanan, Shivakumar / Chua, Joel V / Baddley, John W

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2021  Volume 74, Issue 7, Page(s) 1279–1283

    Abstract: The severe surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on the Indian subcontinent in early 2021 was marked by an unusually high number of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) cases reported during this same period. This is significantly higher ... ...

    Abstract The severe surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on the Indian subcontinent in early 2021 was marked by an unusually high number of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) cases reported during this same period. This is significantly higher than predicted based on available data about prevalence and risk factors for this condition. This may be due to an unusual alignment of multiple risk factors for this condition. There is high background prevalence of mucormycosis in India likely from a high prevalence of risk factors, including undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes. COVID-19-induced immune dysregulation and immune suppression from steroid therapy increase the risk. The role of environmental exposure is unclear. System factors such as lack of access to healthcare during a pandemic may result in delayed diagnosis or suboptimal management with potentially poor outcomes. Here, we review currently identified risk factors and pathogenesis of CAM in a pandemic surge.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Mucormycosis/complications ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciab726
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1505: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article: COVID-19 Vaccines—All You Want to Know

    Shishido, Akira A. / Barnes, Ashley H. / Narayanan, Shivakumar / Chua, Joel V.

    Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

    (COVID-19)

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 01, Page(s) 143–172

    Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to an unprecedented public health crisis. The collective global response has led to production of multiple safe and effective vaccines utilizing novel platforms to combat ... ...

    Series title COVID-19
    Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to an unprecedented public health crisis. The collective global response has led to production of multiple safe and effective vaccines utilizing novel platforms to combat the virus that have propelled the field of vaccinology forward. Significant challenges to universal vaccine effectiveness remain, including immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 variants, waning of immune response, inadequate knowledge of correlates of protection, and dosing in special populations. This review serves as a detailed evaluation of the development of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, their effectiveness, and challenges to their deployment as a preventive tool.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; vaccines ; variants ; immunity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-16
    Publisher Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1183617-9
    ISSN 1098-9048 ; 1069-3424
    ISSN (online) 1098-9048
    ISSN 1069-3424
    DOI 10.1055/s-0042-1759779
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  10. Article ; Online: COVID-19: Pitfalls in Offering Research Participation as Therapy in Clinical Settings.

    Narayanan, Shivakumar / Chua, Joel V / Heil, Emily

    Journal of general internal medicine

    2020  Volume 35, Issue 11, Page(s) 3359–3360

    MeSH term(s) Attitude to Health ; Biomedical Research/ethics ; COVID-19/therapy ; Ethics, Clinical ; Humans ; Patient Selection/ethics ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/ethics ; Research Subjects ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 639008-0
    ISSN 1525-1497 ; 0884-8734
    ISSN (online) 1525-1497
    ISSN 0884-8734
    DOI 10.1007/s11606-020-06158-6
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    Zs.A 2205: Show issues Location:
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