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  1. Article ; Online: Thermal degradation and flame spread characteristics of epoxy polymer composites incorporating mycelium.

    Chulikavit, Nattanan / Huynh, Tien / Khatibi, Akbar / Das, Raj / Kandare, Everson

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 17812

    Abstract: Although bioderived flame retardants are environmentally sustainable and less toxic, their impact on the thermal stability and flammability of polymers remains poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the influence of mycelium on the thermal ... ...

    Abstract Although bioderived flame retardants are environmentally sustainable and less toxic, their impact on the thermal stability and flammability of polymers remains poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the influence of mycelium on the thermal stability and flame spread characteristics of epoxy through thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the UL94 flammability test, and scanning electron microscopy. We observed a decrease in the maximum mass loss rate temperature when mycelium was incorporated into epoxy, indicating an earlier onset of thermal degradation. The inclusion of mycelium increased char yields above 418 °C due to mycelium's inherent char-forming ability. However, mycelium did not alter the thermal degradation pathway of epoxy. Furthermore, according to the UL94 test results, the incorporation of mycelium reduced the flame spread rate compared to that of neat epoxy. These findings contribute to our understanding of the interaction between bioderived flame retardants and polymers paving the way for the development of more sustainable fireproofing materials.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-45097-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Fireproofing flammable composites using mycelium: Investigating the effect of deacetylation on the thermal stability and fire reaction properties of mycelium

    Chulikavit, Nattanan / Wang, Cheng / Huynh, Tien / Yuen, Anthony Chun Yin / Khatibi, Akbar / Kandare, Everson

    Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2023 Sept., v. 215 p.110419-

    2023  

    Abstract: This paper presents research findings on the influence of alkaline deacetylation on the thermal stability and fire reaction properties of non-pathogenic Basidiomycota fungi (mycelium) grown in molasses. The relationship between deacetylation conditions, ... ...

    Abstract This paper presents research findings on the influence of alkaline deacetylation on the thermal stability and fire reaction properties of non-pathogenic Basidiomycota fungi (mycelium) grown in molasses. The relationship between deacetylation conditions, such as incubation time and NaOH concentration, and the thermal and fire reaction properties of mycelium was investigated. The degree of deacetylation was also examined for its influence on the high-temperature thermal stability of mycelium, such as char formation. The findings indicated that the high-temperature thermal stability increased as the degree of deacetylation increased due to the conversion of chitin into chitosan as well as the presence of char-promoting hydroxyl‑terminated polysaccharide moieties. The study further investigated the influence of hollow glass microspheres on the thermal properties and microscale combustion behaviour of unmodified and deacetylated mycelium. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the thermal degradation mechanisms that govern the thermal stability and char-forming ability of unmodified and deacetylated mycelium. Additionally, the link between the thermal stability and fire reaction properties of mycelium and its deacetylated derivatives was established. Finally, the effectiveness of unmodified and deacetylated mycelium mats for fireproofing flammable glass fibre-reinforced epoxy laminates exposed to a simulated moderate-intensity fire was evaluated.
    Keywords Basidiomycota ; chitin ; chitosan ; combustion ; epoxides ; glass ; microparticles ; molasses ; mycelium ; polymers ; thermal degradation ; thermal stability ; Flammability ; Fire reaction properties ; Fireproofing
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-09
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1502217-1
    ISSN 0141-3910
    ISSN 0141-3910
    DOI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110419
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Influence of growth rates, microstructural properties and biochemical composition on the thermal stability of mycelia fungi.

    Chulikavit, Nattanan / Huynh, Tien / Dekiwadia, Chaitali / Khatibi, Akbar / Mouritz, Adrian / Kandare, Everson

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 15105

    Abstract: Mycelium fungal species exhibit fire retardant characteristics. The influence of the growth media on the fungal growth rates, biochemical composition, and microstructural characteristics and their relationship to thermal properties is poorly understood. ... ...

    Abstract Mycelium fungal species exhibit fire retardant characteristics. The influence of the growth media on the fungal growth rates, biochemical composition, and microstructural characteristics and their relationship to thermal properties is poorly understood. In this paper, we demonstrate that molasses can support the growth of non-pathogenic Basidiomycota phylum fungal species producing bio-derived materials with potential fire retardation characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were used to interrogate the microstructural and biochemical properties of the molasses-grown mycelia species. Thermal decomposition of molasses-fed mycelia was evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis interfaced with FTIR for real-time evolved gas analysis. The morphological and microstructural characteristics of the residual char post-thermal exposure were also evaluated. The material characterization enabled the establishment of a relationship between the microstructural, biochemical properties, and thermal properties of molasses-fed mycelia. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the mechanisms governing the thermal degradation of three mycelial species grown in molasses. These research findings advance the knowledge of critical parameters controlling fungal growth rates and yields as well as how the microstructural and biochemical properties influence the thermal response of mycelia.
    MeSH term(s) Basidiomycota ; Culture Media/metabolism ; Fires ; Molasses ; Mycelium
    Chemical Substances Culture Media
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-19458-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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