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Article ; Online: Truck Appointment System for Cooperation between the Transport Companies and the Terminal Operator at Container Terminals

Hyeonu Im / Jiwon Yu / Chulung Lee

Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 168, p

2021 Volume 168

Abstract: Despite the number of sailings canceled in the past few months, as demand has increased, the utilization of ships has become very high, resulting in sudden peaks of activity at the import container terminals. Ship-to-ship operations and yard activity at ... ...

Abstract	Despite the number of sailings canceled in the past few months, as demand has increased, the utilization of ships has become very high, resulting in sudden peaks of activity at the import container terminals. Ship-to-ship operations and yard activity at the container terminals are at their peak and starting to affect land operations on truck arrivals and departures. In response, a Truck Appointment System (TAS) has been developed to mitigate truck congestion that occurs between the gate and the yard of the container terminal. The vehicle booking system is developed and operated in-house at large-scale container terminals, but efficiency is low due to frequent truck schedule changes by the transport companies (forwarders). In this paper, we propose a new form of TAS in which the transport companies and the terminal operator cooperate. Numerical experiments show that the efficiency of the cooperation model is better by comparing the case where the transport company (forwarder) and the terminal operator make their own decision and the case where they cooperate. The cooperation model shows higher efficiency as there are more competing transport companies (forwarders) and more segmented tasks a truck can reserve.
Keywords	truck congestion problem ; truck appointment system ; cooperation model ; scheduling of truck arrivals ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	380
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Identification of Promising Smart Farm Technologies and Development of Technology Roadmap Using Patent Map Analysis

Eunsuk Chun / Sungchan Jun / Chulung Lee

Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 10709, p

2021 Volume 10709

Abstract: In this study, we suggest methodologies for identifying promising and vacant technologies on smart farms by analyzing patent information. Additionally, a technology roadmap for smart farms is suggested using network analysis. The database of patents ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we suggest methodologies for identifying promising and vacant technologies on smart farms by analyzing patent information. Additionally, a technology roadmap for smart farms is suggested using network analysis. The database of patents related to smart farms was extracted from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) by keyword search, and valid patents data was selected and clustered using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm. We also conducted the technical importance analysis and trend analysis to identify promising technology topics. By developing a patent map based on a self-organizing map (SOM), we were able to identify vacant technologies among smart farm technology groups. In order to develop vacant technologies, we presented a stepwise technology roadmap by analyzing the relationship between technology elements using network analysis. The proposed procedure and analysis method provides useful insights in establishing research and development (R&D) strategies for the development of smart farm technology roadmaps.
Keywords	smart farm ; patent analysis ; promising vacant technology ; network analysis ; patent map ; technology road map ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	303
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Promising Technology Analysis and Patent Roadmap Development in the Hydrogen Supply Chain

Jiwon Yu / Young Jae Han / Hyewon Yang / Sugil Lee / Gildong Kim / Chulung Lee

Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 14210, p

2022 Volume 14210

Abstract: Hydrogen energy, one of the energy sources of the future, represents a substantial issue which affects the industries and national technologies that will develop in the future. In order to utilize hydrogen energy, a hydrogen supply chain is required so ... ...

Abstract	Hydrogen energy, one of the energy sources of the future, represents a substantial issue which affects the industries and national technologies that will develop in the future. In order to utilize hydrogen energy, a hydrogen supply chain is required so that hydrogen can be processed and transported to vehicles. It is helpful for technology and policy development to analyze technologies necessary to charge the hydrogen energy generated into vehicles through the supply chain to discover technologies with high potential for future development. The purpose of this paper is to identify promising technologies required in storing, transporting, and charging vehicles generated by the hydrogen fuel supply chain. Afterward, the promising technologies identified are expected to help researchers set a direction in researching technologies and developing related policies. Therefore, we provide technology information that can be used promisingly in the future so that researchers in the related field can utilize it effectively. In this paper, data analysis is performed using related patents and research papers for technical analysis. Promising technologies that will be the core of the hydrogen fuel supply chain in the future were identified using the published patents and research paper database (DB) in Korea, the United States, Europe, China, and Japan. A text mining technique was applied to preprocess data, and then a generic topographic map (GTM) analysis discovered promising technologies. Then, a technology roadmap was identified by analyzing the promising technology derived from patents and research papers in parallel. In this study, through the analysis of patents and research papers related to the hydrogen supply chain, the development status of hydrogen storage/transport/charging technology was analyzed, and promising technologies with high potential for future development were found. The technology roadmap derived from the analysis can help researchers in the field of hydrogen research establish policies and research ...
Keywords	hydrogen energy ; hydrogen supply chain ; patent analysis ; research paper analysis ; promising technology ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Logistics Technology Forecasting Framework Using Patent Analysis for Technology Roadmap

Koopo Kwon / Sungchan Jun / Yong-Jae Lee / Sanghei Choi / Chulung Lee

Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 5430, p

2022 Volume 5430

Abstract: The rapid advancement of digital technologies has fundamentally changed the competitive dynamics of the logistics industry. For players in the logistics industry, digitization has become an unavoidable situation to achieve survival and sustainable ... ...

Abstract	The rapid advancement of digital technologies has fundamentally changed the competitive dynamics of the logistics industry. For players in the logistics industry, digitization has become an unavoidable situation to achieve survival and sustainable competitiveness. A technology strategy is essential for digitization, and identifying opportunities and threats of technology development through technology trend exploration is important for technology strategy. In addition, to enable the implementation of the technology strategy, it is necessary to detect the change in technology and search for the technology that is expected to have a practical development effect. The purpose of this study is to identify opportunities and areas for technology development through patent data in establishing technology strategies. Previous research mainly relied on the expert interview method, and there was also a patent analysis study based on topic modeling, but only to grasp technology trends. This paper aims to propose a new framework for the extension to the stage for establishing a technology roadmap. By using the Word2Vec algorithm, we will investigate the patent search formula that reflects the trend, the prediction of changes in logistics technology through LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) clustering of patent data, and the derivation of vacant technology by experimental methods. The proposed framework is expected to be utilized for predicting technological change and deriving promising technologies for establishing technology roadmaps in logistics companies.
Keywords	retail logistics ; technology roadmap ; patent analysis ; time series ; clustering ; latent dirichlet allocation ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	303
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Risk Analysis of a Two-Level Supply Chain Subject to Misplaced Inventory

Lijing Zhu / Chulung Lee

Applied Sciences, Vol 7, Iss 7, p

2017 Volume 676

Abstract: Misplaced inventory is prevalent in retail stores and may lead to the overall poor performance of the supply chain. We explore the impact of misplaced inventory on a two-level supply chain, which consists of a risk-neutral supplier and a risk-averse ... ...

Abstract	Misplaced inventory is prevalent in retail stores and may lead to the overall poor performance of the supply chain. We explore the impact of misplaced inventory on a two-level supply chain, which consists of a risk-neutral supplier and a risk-averse retailer. The supplier decides the wholesale price to maximize her profit, whereas the retailer decides the order quantity to maximize his utility. Under the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) criterion, we formulate the problem as a Stackelberg game model and obtain the equilibrium solutions in three cases: (i) information asymmetry about inventory errors exists; (ii) the retailer shares information about inventory errors with the supplier; and (iii) in order to reduce misplaced inventory, the supply chain deploys Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. The benefits of information sharing and RFID implementation are explored. A revenue and cost sharing contract is proposed to coordinate the supply chain and to allocate the cost savings from RFID implementation among supply chain participants. Finally, we provide managerial insights for risk-averse decision makers that are considering investing in the RFID technology.
Keywords	misplaced inventory ; risk aversion ; RFID ; CVaR ; supply chain coordination ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	330
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Firm Growth and R&D in the Korean Pharmaceutical Industry

Hyunseog Chung / Soomin Eum / Chulung Lee

Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 10, p

2019 Volume 2865

Abstract: We explore the impact of research and development (R&D) on sales growth rate with firm-specific factors under the Korean pharmaceutical industry structure using listed Korea pharmaceutical company data from 2007 to 2018 with the quantile regression ... ...

Abstract	We explore the impact of research and development (R&D) on sales growth rate with firm-specific factors under the Korean pharmaceutical industry structure using listed Korea pharmaceutical company data from 2007 to 2018 with the quantile regression technique. We find that R&D intensity has a positive effect on firm growth rate while R&D scale a negative effect on the firm growth rate at the upper quantile, whereas the result is opposite at the lower quantile. Firm size has a mixed relationship with sales growth at the upper quantile, thus Gibrat’s law is rejected in the Korean pharmaceutical industry. Firm age has a negative relationship with the sales growth rate at the upper quantile, which shows the consistent result with previous research that young firms grow faster. Patent persistence has a negative relationship with sales growth at the upper quantile, while a positive effect at the lower quantile. We show that young firms and firms with high R&D intensity contribute to the high growth rate, while the relationship is not clear at the lower quantile. Therefore, policy implication in this research is that the government should pay attention to encouraging and supporting R&D investment activities and small firms as well as consider ways to enhance patent rights.
Keywords	firm growth ; R& ; D ; quantile regression ; pharmaceutical industry ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	339
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Impact of Technological Capability on Financial Performance in the Semiconductor Industry

Jun Hong Park / Hyunseog Chung / Ki Hong Kim / Jin Ju Kim / Chulung Lee

Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 2, p

2021 Volume 489

Abstract: The modern semiconductor industry is going through rapid changes as new markets and technologies appear. In this paper, such technology-intensive firms’ relationship between technological capability and financial performance is analyzed with regression ... ...

Abstract	The modern semiconductor industry is going through rapid changes as new markets and technologies appear. In this paper, such technology-intensive firms’ relationship between technological capability and financial performance is analyzed with regression analysis. Revenue and market capitalization are used as dependent variables. For the independent variables, the technological intensity, technological diversity, technological asset, and technological efficiency are used. The analysis results revealed different effects of technological capability on financial performance. Also, regression analysis is conducted by dividing firms into high and low groups based on technological asset and technological efficiency, and the analysis result revealed different effects of technological intensity and technological diversity on financial performance. For technological asset, the financial performance in the high group is affected more by technological intensity, and the financial performance in the low group is affected more by technological diversity. For technological efficiency, only the financial performance in the high group is affected by technological intensity. Although both groups’ financial performance is somewhat affected by technological diversity, there was no statistically significant differences between the groups. By separating the effect of technological capability on financial performance, this research can provide more detailed analysis results compared to previous literature and the methods of managing technological capability for semiconductor firms.
Keywords	technological capability ; technological intensity ; technological diversity ; technological asset ; technological efficiency ; financial performance ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	650
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Identification of Promising Vacant Technologies for the Development of Truck on Freight Train Transportation Systems

Sungchan Jun / Seong Ho Han / Jiwon Yu / Jumi Hwang / Sangbaek Kim / Chulung Lee

Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 2, p

2021 Volume 499

Abstract: In this study, we identify promising, currently vacant technologies for a Truck on Flatcar or Truck on Freight Train (TFTFT) system by analyzing the relevant patent information. We then apply network analysis from macro- and microperspectives to ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we identify promising, currently vacant technologies for a Truck on Flatcar or Truck on Freight Train (TFTFT) system by analyzing the relevant patent information. We then apply network analysis from macro- and microperspectives to establish technology development strategies. We first researched the patent database from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) by extracting relevant keywords for the TFTFT system. We then preprocessed the patent data to develop a patent-International Patent Classification (IPC) matrix and a patent-keyword matrix. Next, we developed a generative topographic mapping (GTM)-based patent map using the patent-IPC matrix and detected any patent vacuums. Then, in order to confirm the promising patent vacuums, we technically examined criticality and trend analyses. Finally, we designed an IPC-based network and a keyword network with promising patent vacuums to derive a technology development strategy from a macro- and microperspective for the TFTFT system. As a result, we confirmed two promising patent vacuums. The patent vacuums found were defined as the technical field of rail vehicles suitable for TFTFT systems and the technical field of equipment and systems for freight transfer to rail vehicles. The proposed procedure and analysis method provide useful insights for developing a research and development (R&D) strategy and technology development strategy for a TFTFT system.
Keywords	truck on flatcar or truck on freight train ; patent analysis ; promising vacant technology ; patent map ; network analysis ; time series analysis ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	303
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pricing and Collaboration in Last Mile Delivery Services

Seung Yoon Ko / Sung Won Cho / Chulung Lee

Sustainability, Vol 10, Iss 12, p

2018 Volume 4560

Abstract: Recently, last mile delivery has emerged as an essential process that greatly affects the opportunity of obtaining delivery service market share due to the rapid increase in the business-to-consumer (B2C) service market. Express delivery companies are ... ...

Abstract	Recently, last mile delivery has emerged as an essential process that greatly affects the opportunity of obtaining delivery service market share due to the rapid increase in the business-to-consumer (B2C) service market. Express delivery companies are investing to expand the capacity of hub terminals to handle increasing delivery volume. As for securing massive delivery quantity by investment, companies must examine the profitability between increasing delivery quantity and price. This study proposes two strategies for a company’s decision making regarding the adjustment of market density and price by developing a pricing and collaboration model based on the delivery time of the last mile process. A last mile delivery time function of market density is first derived from genetic algorithm (GA)-based simulation results of traveling salesman problem regarding the market density. The pricing model develops a procedure to determine the optimal price, maximizing the profit based on last mile delivery time function. In addition, a collaboration model, where a multi-objective integer programming problem is developed, is proposed to sustain long-term survival for small and medium-sized companies. In this paper, sensitivity analysis demonstrates the effect of delivery environment on the optimal price and profit. Also, a numerical example presents four different scenarios of the collaboration model to determine the applicability and efficiency of the model. These two proposed models present managerial insights for express delivery companies.
Keywords	express delivery service ; last mile delivery ; pricing ; collaboration ; market share ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	330
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exploring Future Promising Technologies in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Transportation

Hyewon Yang / Young Jae Han / Jiwon Yu / Sumi Kim / Sugil Lee / Gildong Kim / Chulung Lee

Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 917, p

2022 Volume 917

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to derive promising technologies for the transport of hydrogen fuel cells, thereby supporting the development of research and development policy and presenting directions for investment. We also provide researchers with ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this research was to derive promising technologies for the transport of hydrogen fuel cells, thereby supporting the development of research and development policy and presenting directions for investment. We also provide researchers with information about technology that will lead the technology field in the future. Hydrogen energy, as the core of carbon neutral and green energy, is a major issue in changing the future industrial structure and national competitive advantage. In this study, we derived promising technology at the core of future hydrogen fuel cell transportation using the published US patent and paper databases (DB). We first performed text mining and data preprocessing and then discovered promising technologies through generative topographic mapping analysis. We analyzed both the patent DB and treatise DB in parallel and compared the results. As a result, two promising technologies were derived from the patent DB analysis, and five were derived from the paper DB analysis.
Keywords	hydrogen energy ; fuel cell vehicle ; promising technology ; patent analysis ; research paper analysis ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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