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  1. Article: O and A soil horizons’ boundaries detection using GPR under variable soil moisture conditions

    Zajícová, Kateřina / Chuman, Tomáš

    Geoderma. 2022 Sept. 15, v. 422

    2022  

    Abstract: The thicknesses of organic (O) and organomineral (A) horizons are essential parameters for estimating the soil organic carbon stock. They are usually measured at sampling points distributed randomly or regularly over a site, but due to high spatial ... ...

    Abstract The thicknesses of organic (O) and organomineral (A) horizons are essential parameters for estimating the soil organic carbon stock. They are usually measured at sampling points distributed randomly or regularly over a site, but due to high spatial variability of the soil horizons' thicknesses, the sampling should be dense enough to estimate the carbon stock precisely. Dense soil sampling is cost, time, and labour demanding. Therefore, some studies suggest that geophysical methods such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can assist with a more precise estimation of the organic and organomineral horizons thicknesses without digging soil pits. This study evaluates the accuracy of the organic and the organomineral horizons thicknesses repeatedly measured under different soil moisture conditions on two contrasting soil types: Dystric Cambisol and Arenic Podzosol, using GPR with 800 MHz antenna. The results proved this method to be promising; however, we could not distinguish the boundary between organic and organomineral horizons but only the O + A horizon/subsoil boundary. The thickness of O + A horizons was estimated with an error between 25 and 35% in the Dystric Cambisol site and 18 – 24% in the Arenic Podzol site. The results were more accurate under moister conditions for both soil types, but under drier conditions, deeper parts of irregular horizon boundaries were better distinguishable.
    Keywords Cambisols ; Podzols ; carbon sinks ; geophysics ; ground-penetrating radar ; labor ; soil organic carbon ; soil water ; subsoil
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0915
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 281080-3
    ISSN 1872-6259 ; 0016-7061
    ISSN (online) 1872-6259
    ISSN 0016-7061
    DOI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115934
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Carbon and nitrogen sequestration during primary succession in granodiorite quarries

    Chuman, Tomáš / Plasová, Marie / Derková, Nikola / Trubač, Jakub

    Land Degradation & Development. 2023 Aug. 30, v. 34, no. 14 p.4224-4235

    2023  

    Abstract: Studies assessing the potential of mining areas for carbon sequestration focused mainly on areas after the extraction of energy raw materials, especially coal or oil shale, but little attention was paid to stone quarries and quarries of other non‐energy ... ...

    Abstract Studies assessing the potential of mining areas for carbon sequestration focused mainly on areas after the extraction of energy raw materials, especially coal or oil shale, but little attention was paid to stone quarries and quarries of other non‐energy raw materials. We investigated carbon and nitrogen pools (stocks) along a chronosequence in the organic horizon and to a depth of 20 cm of the mineral soil in granodiorite quarries. We compared these pools and sequestration rates with other mining sites. The advantage of this study is that several differently aged quarries in a small area have the same rock chemistry and climate. Thus, the rate of pedogenesis is purely a function of time and vegetation. It is not affected by fossil organic matter or organic matter and nutrients in the topsoil used for reclamation. The vegetation succession tends towards tree cover dominated by Pine (Pinus sylvestris), Birch (Betula pendula), Willow (Salix caprea), Aspen (Populus tremula) and Alder (Alnus glutinosa). Analysis of soils from granodiorite quarries showed a natural accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in the soil to a depth of 20 cm during about 60 years of natural succession. The total soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools to a 20 cm depth average of 2482.4 g C m⁻² and 179.1 g N m⁻², respectively, in the oldest plots >50 years old. These values are for carbon 2.6 and nitrogen 2.4 times lower compared to pools in the same depth on control plots. Carbon and nitrogen stocks and sequestration rates are lower than in compared coal mining sites and spoils. The sequestration rates of the total sampled soil profile decreased with time from 57 g C m⁻² year⁻¹ and 4 g N m⁻² year⁻¹ for sites younger than 25 years to 46 g C m⁻² year⁻¹ and 3 g N m⁻² year⁻¹ for sites older than 50 years.
    Keywords Alnus glutinosa ; Betula pendula ; Pinus sylvestris ; Populus tremula ; Salix caprea ; carbon sequestration ; chronosequences ; climate ; coal ; energy ; fossils ; granodiorite ; land degradation ; mineral soils ; nitrogen ; oil shale ; organic horizons ; primary succession ; soil formation ; soil organic carbon ; soil profiles ; topsoil ; trees ; vegetation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0830
    Size p. 4224-4235.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1319202-4
    ISSN 1085-3278
    ISSN 1085-3278
    DOI 10.1002/ldr.4771
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Restoration Practices Used on Post Mining Sites and Industrial Deposits in the Czech Republic with an Example of Natural Restoration of Granodiorite Quarries and Spoil Heaps

    Chuman Tomáš

    Journal of Landscape Ecology, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp 29-

    2015  Volume 46

    Abstract: Mining of minerals that have significant impact on landscape and landscape functions affects 1% of the land surface worldwide. In the Czech Republic the extent of mining sites is estimated to be more than 800 km2 and according to the state legislation ... ...

    Abstract Mining of minerals that have significant impact on landscape and landscape functions affects 1% of the land surface worldwide. In the Czech Republic the extent of mining sites is estimated to be more than 800 km2 and according to the state legislation the land affected by mining should be reclaimed. There are several approaches to land restoration, which are shortly reviewed in this article, from pure technical approach to one adopting natural processes. The review shows increasing appeal of scientist and conservationist to use natural processes e.g. natural or directed succession as an alternative method of post-mining sites or industrial deposits restoration due to growing evidence of conservational value of such sites in human dominated landscapes. The natural processes used for land restoration are often argued to be slow therefore the rate of spontaneous vegetation succession was assessed in stone quarries and on spoil heaps using a sequence of panchromatic aerial images. The results showed that natural processes act fast and vegetation can reach 100% cover within 10-15 years in granodiorite quarries and on spoil heaps.
    Keywords reclamation ; restoration ; quarry ; spoil heaps ; granodiorite quarry ; aerial image ; vegetation succession ; skuteč ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Sciendo
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Spatial variability of forest floor and topsoil thicknesses and their relation to topography and forest stand characteristics in managed forests of Norway spruce and European beech

    Zajícová, Kateřina / Chuman, Tomáš

    European journal of forest research. 2021 Feb., v. 140, no. 1

    2021  

    Abstract: Soils play a significant role in climate regulation, especially due to soil organic carbon (SOC). The SOC pool is therefore modeled for various environments, and forest floor and topsoil thicknesses are important parameters for most of these models as ... ...

    Abstract Soils play a significant role in climate regulation, especially due to soil organic carbon (SOC). The SOC pool is therefore modeled for various environments, and forest floor and topsoil thicknesses are important parameters for most of these models as they store most of the SOC. However, the forest floor and topsoil thicknesses show high spatial variability which is a result of multiple factors which are not agreed upon among scientists. Out of these factors, we choose topography parameters (elevation, slope, and topography wetness index) and forest stand characteristics (stand age, dominant tree species, and forest floor cover), and soil moisture, and we analyzed their relationship to the forest floor and topsoil thicknesses. The study was performed in a managed submontaneous forest in Central Europe dominated by Picea abies (L.) Karsten with small patches of Fagus sylvatica L. or other species. The thicknesses of the O horizons (Oi, Oe, Oa) and topsoil were measured at 221 sampling pits. Geographically weighted regression showed that the spatial variability of the overall forest floor plus topsoil thickness (OA) is responsible for 8% of its variability. The thickness of the OA is the most strongly controlled by forest floor cover explaining approximately 6% of its variability and soil moisture explaining 2–6% of the variability. The Oi + Oe horizon thickness is controlled only by forest floor cover explaining 10.7% of its variability, and the thickness of Oa + A horizon can be explained mainly by soil moisture in mineral horizon explaining 9% of the variability.
    Keywords Fagus sylvatica subsp. sylvatica ; Picea abies ; climate ; forest litter ; forest stands ; forests ; organic horizons ; research ; soil organic carbon ; soil water ; stand age ; topography ; topsoil ; trees ; Central European region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-02
    Size p. 77-90.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2134019-5
    ISSN 1612-4677 ; 1612-4669
    ISSN (online) 1612-4677
    ISSN 1612-4669
    DOI 10.1007/s10342-020-01316-1
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Soil organic carbon content and stock change after half a century of intensive cultivation in a chernozem area

    Juřicová, Anna / Chuman, Tomáš / Žížala, Daniel

    Catena. 2022 Apr., v. 211

    2022  

    Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a significant soil parameter controlling soil quality and productivity and also playing an essential role in the global carbon cycle. Assessment of long-term SOC content and stocks changes is only possible by comparing ... ...

    Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a significant soil parameter controlling soil quality and productivity and also playing an essential role in the global carbon cycle. Assessment of long-term SOC content and stocks changes is only possible by comparing historical and present data. The Czech Republic holds a national database of agricultural soils completed during the 1960s, which we used to assess SOC changes. SOC content and stock changes were detected after more than 50 years of intensive cultivation in a rolling chernozem landscape prone to soil erosion by re-sampling soil profiles from the 1960s and assessing these changes in relation to local topography. Each re-sampled soil profile was classified based on its position within the terrain, into one of three distinct slope positions namely shoulder slope (SH), backslope (BS), and foot slope (FS) which refers to a predisposition to soil erosion (SH, BS) or deposition (FS). Despite previous studies reporting SOC content decline over the past several decades, our results showed an increase in SOC content in all slope positions, being the most pronounced at FS position. However, median value for the SOC stock significantly decreased at SH positions primarily due to intensive erosion (decreased by 2.82 kg·m⁻²). At the FS positions, the median value for the SOC stock increased but not significantly (increased by 5.51 kg·m⁻²). Changes in the SOC stock were primarily driven by changes in the topsoil depth, which significantly decreased at the SH positions by 22 cm; the opposite result was found for the FS position. The local topography as a driver of SOC stock changes was further supported by the significant correlation between SOC stock changes and topographical attributes (predominantly with Multiresolution Valley Bottom Flatness index, Topographic position index or Topographic wetness index) showing increasing SOC stocks in terrain depressions or valley bottoms due to soil accumulation. We concluded that soil erosion is a dominant process in our study area, explaining the long-term changes in SOC stock.
    Keywords catenas ; databases ; global carbon budget ; landscapes ; soil erosion ; soil organic carbon ; soil profiles ; soil quality ; topography ; topsoil ; Czech Republic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-04
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 519608-5
    ISSN 1872-6887 ; 0008-7769 ; 0341-8162
    ISSN (online) 1872-6887 ; 0008-7769
    ISSN 0341-8162
    DOI 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105950
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: The legacy of acidic deposition controls soil organic carbon pools in temperate forests across the Czech Republic

    Chuman, Tomáš / Oulehle, Filip / Zajícová, Kateřina / Hruška, Jakub

    European journal of soil science. 2021 July, v. 72, no. 4

    2021  

    Abstract: Temperate forest ecosystems store most of the organic carbon in soils (SOC), and changes in the soil carbon stock due to climate change or land management can potentially have a large influence on carbon balance. The most important factors controlling ... ...

    Abstract Temperate forest ecosystems store most of the organic carbon in soils (SOC), and changes in the soil carbon stock due to climate change or land management can potentially have a large influence on carbon balance. The most important factors controlling the SOC pool on a global scale are generally agreed upon; however, estimations of SOC pools differ significantly among studies at regional and local scales due to different sampling protocols and local scale variability. This study evaluates the SOC pool in the forest floor and mineral soil sampled down to a depth of 80 cm in 14 forested catchments with variable environmental conditions and soil acidification and eutrophication legacies, and determines the best explanatory variables of the SOC pool. The average SOC pool of 34 t ha⁻¹ measured in the forest floor (O horizon) was best explained by measures of historical sulphur (S) deposition (i.e., soil acidification legacy) and forest type (conifer vs. broadleaf forest). An average total SOC pool of 132 t ha⁻¹, combining both the carbon pool in the mineral soil down to 80 cm and the carbon pool in forest floor, was best explained solely by elevation, which reflects temperature and precipitation gradients. However, when considering the coupled SOC pool in the forest floor and upper half of the sampled mineral soil (down to 40 cm), natural environmental factors were outweighed by anthropogenic ones (soil acidification legacy and forest type). This has important implications for understanding potential SOC pool changes under ongoing global climate change, especially in regions currently or historically affected by soil acidification caused by acid deposition. The acidification effect on the SOC accumulation and subsequent soil recovery after acidification retreat might affect carbon balance. HIGHLIGHTS: The SOC pool is dependent on soil acidification legacy, forest type and climatic gradient. Anthropogenic factors outweigh the natural ones if shallow sampling is carried out. Shallow sampling commonly carried out in forest soils underestimates the SOC pool. Soil acidification caused SOC accumulation and subsequent soil recovery might lead to carbon loss.
    Keywords acid deposition ; acidification ; carbon sinks ; climate change ; conifers ; deciduous forests ; eutrophication ; forest litter ; land management ; mineral soils ; organic horizons ; soil acidification ; soil organic carbon ; sulfur ; temperate forests ; temperature ; Czech Republic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-07
    Size p. 1780-1801.
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1191614-x
    ISSN 1365-2389 ; 1351-0754
    ISSN (online) 1365-2389
    ISSN 1351-0754
    DOI 10.1111/ejss.13073
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Effect of land use on soil chemical properties after 190 years of forest to agricultural land conversion

    Zajícová, Kateřina / Chuman, Tomáš

    Soil and Water Research. , v. 14, no. 3

    2019  

    Abstract: Land use changes have a significant impact on soil properties and in some cases they are considered to be among the main threats to soil quality. The present study focuses on the relationship between soil chemistry and land use in a karstic region in ... ...

    Abstract Land use changes have a significant impact on soil properties and in some cases they are considered to be among the main threats to soil quality. The present study focuses on the relationship between soil chemistry and land use in a karstic region in Romania, where forests were converted to agricultural land 190 years ago by Czech settlers in the Banat Region. Out of several villages founded by the Czech settlers the study was done around the village of Sfinta Elena. The uniqueness of this study is that traditional agricultural practices using low intensity farming (fallow period, organic fertilizers) have been used continuously since the village was founded. Nowadays the landscape is a mosaic of different land uses. Sixty soil samples from 6 land uses, analysed for pH (active and exchangeable), total cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation, amount of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, accessible P, total N, and soil organic carbon, showed very low concentrations of analysed elements and very low values of CEC and base saturation in soils. Current arable land use exhibited the lowest values especially of soil organic C. Surprisingly, forest soils differed significantly from agricultural soils only in C/N ratio and soil organic C concentration.
    Keywords agricultural land ; arable soils ; base saturation ; cation exchange capacity ; forests ; karsts ; land use change ; landscapes ; pH ; research ; soil organic carbon ; soil quality ; total nitrogen ; villages ; water ; Romania
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0527
    Size p. 121-131.
    Publishing place Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2465020-1
    ISSN 1801-5395
    ISSN 1801-5395
    DOI 10.17221/5/2018-swr
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Long time-series ecological niche modelling using archaeological settlement data: Tracing the origins of present-day landscape

    Demján, Peter / Dreslerová, Dagmar / Kolář, Jan / Chuman, Tomáš / Romportl, Dušan / Trnka, Miroslav / Lieskovský, Tibor

    Applied geography. 2022 Apr., v. 141

    2022  

    Abstract: Human activities have shaped the environment since long before the advent of agriculture and resulted in anthropogenic landscapes, which are sometimes perceived as natural, but are clearly shaped by dozens of previous generations. This study is the first ...

    Abstract Human activities have shaped the environment since long before the advent of agriculture and resulted in anthropogenic landscapes, which are sometimes perceived as natural, but are clearly shaped by dozens of previous generations. This study is the first to apply ecological niche modelling on a long time-series of archaeological data to illuminate the development of the landscape from the perspective of settlement behaviour and its dependence on environmental conditions. Using a large dataset of evidence of prehistoric settlement activities covering the area of the Czech Republic and spanning 6600 years from the beginning of agricultural prehistory, we analyse to what degree settlement was related to environmental parameters. We quantified the strength of this relation in terms of the predictive power of ecological niche models generated with the MaxEnt method. We observed a significant variability of settlement behaviour over time, but also landscape occupation, which has retained similar general characteristics to now. This shows that settlement strategies were remarkably stable and the presence of previous settlement was beneficial for subsequent land-use. Comparison of prehistoric settlement with contemporary landscape typology also points to a long-term legacy pre-dating historical periods, which makes the landscape our largest and most important heritage monument.
    Keywords archaeology ; data collection ; geography ; humans ; land use ; landscapes ; monuments ; niches ; occupations ; time series analysis ; Czech Republic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-04
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0143-6228
    DOI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102669
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Forest growth responds more to air pollution than soil acidification.

    Hruška, Jakub / Oulehle, Filip / Chuman, Tomáš / Kolář, Tomáš / Rybníček, Michal / Trnka, Miroslav / McDowell, William H

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e0256976

    Abstract: The forests of central Europe have undergone remarkable transitions in the past 40 years as air quality has improved dramatically. Retrospective analysis of Norway spruce (Picea abies) tree rings in the Czech Republic shows that air pollution (e.g. SO2 ... ...

    Abstract The forests of central Europe have undergone remarkable transitions in the past 40 years as air quality has improved dramatically. Retrospective analysis of Norway spruce (Picea abies) tree rings in the Czech Republic shows that air pollution (e.g. SO2 concentrations, high acidic deposition to the forest canopy) plays a dominant role in driving forest health. Extensive soil acidification occurred in the highly polluted "Black Triangle" in Central Europe, and upper mineral soils are still acidified. In contrast, acidic atmospheric deposition declined by 80% and atmospheric SO2 concentration by 90% between the late 1980s and 2010s. In this study we oserved that annual tree ring width (TRW) declined in the 1970s and subsequently recovered in the 1990s, tracking SO2 concentrations closely. Furthermore, recovery of TRW was similar in unlimed and limed stands. Despite large increases in soil base saturation, as well as soil pH, as a result of repeated liming starting in 1981, TRW growth was similar in limed and unlimed plots. TRW recovery was interrupted in 1996 when highly acidic rime (originating from more pronounced decline of alkaline dust than SO2 from local power plants) injured the spruce canopy, but recovered soon to the pre-episode growth. Across the long-term site history, changes in soil chemistry (pH, base saturation, Bc/Al soil solution ratio) cannot explain observed changes in TRW at the two study sites where we tracked soil chemistry. Instead, statistically significant recovery in TRW is linked to the trajectory of annual SO2 concentrations or sulfur deposition at all three stands.
    MeSH term(s) Soil ; Retrospective Studies ; Air Pollution ; Forests ; Picea ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
    Chemical Substances Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0256976
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Dead or Alive: Drivers of Wind Mortality Initiate Multiple Disturbance Regime in a Temperate Primeval Mountain Forest

    Vašíčková, Ivana / Šamonil, Pavel / Kašpar, Jakub / Román-Sánchez, Andrea / Chuman, Tomáš / Adam, Dušan

    Forests. 2021 Nov. 19, v. 12, no. 11

    2021  

    Abstract: The driving forces of tree mortality following wind disturbances of mountain mixed European temperate forests belongs among issues not comprehensively resolved. Hence, we aimed to elucidate the key factors of tree resistance to historical severe ... ...

    Abstract The driving forces of tree mortality following wind disturbances of mountain mixed European temperate forests belongs among issues not comprehensively resolved. Hence, we aimed to elucidate the key factors of tree resistance to historical severe disturbance events in the Boubínský Primeval Forest, one of the oldest forest reserves in the Czech Republic. By using spatially explicit tree census, dendrochronological and soil data, we study spatial and temporal patterns of past disturbances and mathematically compared selected characteristics of neighboring trees that were killed by a severe storm in 2017 and those that remained undisturbed. The tendency of trees toward falling was primarily driven edaphically, limiting severe events non-randomly to previously disturbed sites occupied by hydromorphic soils and promoting the existence of two spatially-separated disturbance regimes. While disturbed trees usually recruited in gaps and experienced only one severe release event, surviving trees characteristically regenerated under the canopy and were repeatedly released. Despite the fact that disturbed trees tended to reach both lower ages and dimensions than survivors, they experienced significantly higher growth rates. Our study indicates that slow growth with several suppression periods emerged as the most effective tree strategy for withstanding severe windstorms, dying of senescence in overaged life stage. Despite the selective impact of the Herwart storm on conifer population, we did not find any difference in species sensitivity for most characteristics studied. We conclude that the presence of such ancient, high-density wood trees contributes significantly to the resistance of an entire stand to severe storms.
    Keywords canopy ; conifers ; dendrochronology ; mortality ; storms ; tree mortality ; trees ; wind ; wood ; Czech Republic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1119
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2527081-3
    ISSN 1999-4907
    ISSN 1999-4907
    DOI 10.3390/f12111599
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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