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Artikel: Research needs and prioritizations for studies linking dietary sugars and potentially related health outcomes

Chung, Mei

BMC nutrition, 2:66

2016

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Relationships among dietary sugars and a variety of chronic diseases have spawned interest in investigating the metabolic effects of dietary sugars. An approach developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for assessing ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Relationships among dietary sugars and a variety of chronic diseases have spawned interest in investigating the metabolic effects of dietary sugars. An approach developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for assessing Future Research Needs (FRN) was implemented with modifications that integrated an evidence mapping process. METHODS: A panel of 14 stakeholders across 7 pre-defined areas of expertise (lay audience, policy makers, health providers, research funders, evidence-based methodologists, product makers, and researchers) was assembled to prioritize research needs. The panel was facilitated by an independent research team. A total of 213 studies were analyzed descriptively for evidence mapping, and the results were used to inform the stakeholder panel discussions on research needs. RESULTS: The stakeholder panel identified and prioritized 14 sets of research questions. The top three high-priority FRN questions selected by the stakeholder panel focused on the effects of dietary sugars on body weight or body composition, fat deposition, and satiety and appetite. Research considerations for the top three research questions and crosscutting research design issues are discussed. CONCLUSION: Involving a multidisciplinary stakeholder panel to prioritize the direction of future research in this or other content areas has potential to add diverse perspectives to the determination of research needs, and to the development of public health policy.
Schlagwörter	Appetite Satiety ; Body weight ; Body composition ; Future research needs projects ; Sugars
Sprache	Englisch
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
Datenquelle	Fachrepositorium Lebenswissenschaften

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Artikel: Dietary Fiber and the Human Gut Microbiota: Application of Evidence Mapping Methodology

Sawicki, Caleigh / Chung, Mei

Nutrients, 9(2):125

2017

Abstract: Interest is rapidly growing around the role of the human gut microbiota in facilitating beneficial health effects associated with consumption of dietary fiber. An evidence map of current research activity in this area was created using a newly developed ... ...

Abstract	Interest is rapidly growing around the role of the human gut microbiota in facilitating beneficial health effects associated with consumption of dietary fiber. An evidence map of current research activity in this area was created using a newly developed database of dietary fiber intervention studies in humans to identify studies with the following broad outcomes: (1) modulation of colonic microflora; and/or (2) colonic fermentation/short-chain fatty acid concentration. Study design characteristics, fiber exposures, and outcome categories were summarized. A sub-analysis described oligosaccharides and bacterial composition in greater detail. One hundred eighty-eight relevant studies were identified. The fiber categories represented by the most studies were oligosaccharides (20%), resistant starch (16%), and chemically synthesized fibers (15%). Short-chain fatty acid concentration (47%) and bacterial composition (88%) were the most frequently studied outcomes. Whole-diet interventions, measures of bacterial activity, and studies in metabolically at-risk subjects were identified as potential gaps in the evidence. This evidence map efficiently captured the variability in characteristics of expanding research on dietary fiber, gut microbiota, and physiological health benefits, and identified areas that may benefit from further research. We hope that this evidence map will provide a resource for researchers to direct new intervention studies and meta-analyses.
Schlagwörter	Bifidobacteria ; Lactobacilli ; colonic fermentation ; cereal fiber ; gut microbiota ; dietary fiber ; evidence map ; oligosaccharides ; resistant starch
Sprache	Englisch
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
Datenquelle	Fachrepositorium Lebenswissenschaften

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Artikel ; Online: Defining "low-carb" in the scientific literature: A scoping review of clinical studies.

Chacón, Violeta / Cara, Kelly C / Chung, Mei / Wallace, Taylor C

Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

2024 , Seite(n) 1–10

Abstract: There remains a lack of scientific consensus on what level of carbohydrate intake constitutes low-carbohydrate diets. We conducted a scoping review to understand how low-carbohydrate diets were defined in the peer-reviewed literature. We followed the ... ...

Abstract	There remains a lack of scientific consensus on what level of carbohydrate intake constitutes low-carbohydrate diets. We conducted a scoping review to understand how low-carbohydrate diets were defined in the peer-reviewed literature. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement scoping review extension. Three electronic databases were searched for clinical studies in English. We identified 508 articles (317 randomized controlled, 99 cross-over, 33 before-and-after, 12 non-randomized, and 47 other clinical trials). Most examined effects of low-carbohydrate diets in healthy adults (62.4%), 40 to 59 years old (55.5%), with obesity or overweight (66.1%). The majority reported effects on weight or body composition (29.9%), diabetes (18.7%), or cardiovascular risk factors (12.9%) as primary outcomes. Most articles (56.9%) reported percent of energy from carbohydrates, and of those, 60.3% defined low-carbohydrate diets as being ≤30% of energy from carbohydrates. Some articles (22.9%) reported grams of carbohydrates per day, and of those, most defined low-carbohydrate diets as being under ∼100 grams of carbohydrates per day. Systematic reviews and dose-response meta-regressions utilizing patient-level data on carbohydrate intake, status markers (e.g., RQ/ketones), and health outcomes would be useful in informing consensus around a standardized definition.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-01-08
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2023.2300705
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Switching from long-acting beta-agonist and inhaled corticosteroid to long-acting beta-agonist and long-acting muscarinic antagonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case report of inhaled corticosteroid withdrawal.

Lam, Jamie Chung Mei

Internal medicine journal

2020 Band 50 Suppl 3, Seite(n) 15–18

Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a medical condition characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. For the long-term management of COPD, inhaled therapies are the main approach to maintenance treatment. In order ... ...

Abstract	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a medical condition characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. For the long-term management of COPD, inhaled therapies are the main approach to maintenance treatment. In order to improve treatment efficacy and tolerability for patients with COPD, recent clinical trials have focused on the withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), the use of which has been associated with adverse outcomes, including pneumonia. In this case report, a patient with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade 3 COPD was switched from a combined inhaled therapy of a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) and ICS to a combination of a LABA and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (tiotropium/olodaterol) during hospitalisation for an acute exacerbation of COPD in April 2016. He was subsequently maintained in a stable condition, and was able to live and travel independently. This case report of successful ICS withdrawal suggests that, for moderate-to-severe COPD, if it is assessed individually, dual therapy of LABA and long-acting muscarinic antagonist can be highly effective and well-tolerated. Treatment compliance and lifestyle modifications have been shown to be critical in optimising treatment outcomes.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use ; Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage ; Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Male ; Muscarinic Antagonists/administration & dosage ; Muscarinic Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
Chemische Substanzen	Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Muscarinic Antagonists
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-09-28
Erscheinungsland	Australia
Dokumenttyp	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2045436-3
ISSN	1445-5994 ; 1444-0903
ISSN (online)	1445-5994
ISSN	1444-0903
DOI	10.1111/imj.14931
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Letter to the Editor.

Beauchesne, Andrew / Chung, Mei

Journal of the American Nutrition Association

2021 Band 41, Heft 1, Seite(n) 64

Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-01-26
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Comment
ISSN	2769-707X
ISSN (online)	2769-707X
DOI	10.1080/07315724.2020.1839597
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: The Role of Dietary Acid Load on Progression of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Among Individuals Diagnosed With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Poyourow, Christina Nina / Leonberg, Kristin / Ghajar, Mina / Chung, Mei / Byham-Gray, Laura

Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation

2024

Abstract: Objective: Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk for developing metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis has been shown to worsen kidney function and exacerbate systemic inflammation. Diets high in protein foods can ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk for developing metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis has been shown to worsen kidney function and exacerbate systemic inflammation. Diets high in protein foods can exacerbate metabolic acidosis as protein foods tend to be more acidic, while fruits and vegetables are more alkalotic. The main objective of this systematic review was to determine if higher consumption of fruits and vegetables in adults with CKD stages 1-5 reduces the rate of decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Methods: Searches of Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL -Elton B. Stephens Company [EBSCO]), Cochrane Library (Wiley), Dissertation & Thesis Global (ProQuest), Embase (Elsevier), Medline (OVID), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Scopus (Elsevier), and Web of Sciences (Clarivate) identified 1,451 articles published between January 2015 and June 2023. Results: After independent review, 7 total studies were included. Six of the studies found an association between dietary acid load and progression of CKD. Conclusions: Dietary counseling focusing on decreasing dietary acid load may be beneficial for individuals with CKD.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-03-14
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1080003-7
ISSN	1532-8503 ; 1051-2276
ISSN (online)	1532-8503
ISSN	1051-2276
DOI	10.1053/j.jrn.2024.03.001
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Association of Egg Intake With Alzheimer's Dementia Risk in Older Adults: The Rush Memory and Aging Project.

Pan, Yongyi / Wallace, Taylor C / Karosas, Tasija / Bennett, David A / Agarwal, Puja / Chung, Mei

The Journal of nutrition

2024

Abstract: Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, with increasing prevalence due to population aging. Eggs provide many nutrients important for brain health, including choline, omega-3 fatty acids, and lutein. Emerging evidence ... ...

Abstract	Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, with increasing prevalence due to population aging. Eggs provide many nutrients important for brain health, including choline, omega-3 fatty acids, and lutein. Emerging evidence suggests that frequent egg consumption may improve cognitive performance on verbal tests, but whether consumption influences the risk of Alzheimer's dementia and AD is unknown. Objective: To examine the association of egg consumption with Alzheimer's dementia risk among the Rush Memory and Aging Project cohort. Methods: Dietary assessment was collected using a modified Harvard semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Participants' first FFQ was used as the baseline measure of egg consumption. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the associations of baseline egg consumption levels with Alzheimer's dementia risk adjusting for potential confounding factors. Subgroup analyses using Cox and logistic regression models were performed to investigate the associations with AD pathology in the brian. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the mediation effect of dietary choline in the relationship between egg intake and incident Alzheimer's dementia . Results: This study included 1024 older adults (mean [±Standard Deviation] age = 81.38 ± 7.20 y). Over a mean (±SD) follow-up of 6.7 ± 4.8 y, 280 participants (27.3%) were clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's dementia. Weekly consumption of >1 egg/wk (Hazard Ratio = 0.53; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.34, 0.83) and ≥2 eggs/wk (HR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.81) was associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's dementia. Subgroup analysis of brain autopsies from 578 deceased participants showed that intakes of >1 egg/wk (HR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.76) and ≥2 eggs/wk (HR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.90) were associated with a lower risk of AD pathology in the brain. Mediation analysis showed 39% of the total effect of egg intake on incident Alzheimer's dementia were mediated through dietary choline. Conclusions: These findings suggest that frequent egg consumption is associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer's dementia and AD pathology, and the association with Alzheimer's dementia is partially mediated through the dietary choline.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-05-21
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.012
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Sexuality and Quality of Life in Eastern Taiwan People With Schizophrenia.

Chung, Mei Hua / Chao, Jian-Kang / Ma, Mi Chia / Lin, Ru Wei

Psychiatry investigation

2023 Band 20, Heft 1, Seite(n) 1–8

Abstract: Objective: Patients with schizophrenia are living at the border of society and their sexuality is often neglected. The aim of the study is to explore the association among The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), quality of life (QoL), Taiwanese ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Patients with schizophrenia are living at the border of society and their sexuality is often neglected. The aim of the study is to explore the association among The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), quality of life (QoL), Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire, and Sexual Desire Inventory in people with schizophrenia (PwS). Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with 277 psychiatric inpatients. A descriptive analysis, difference analysis, and logistic regression model were presented to identify relevant variables that may affect the probability of good QoL. Results: The study showed that male PwS had higher scores of standard deviation (SD) than females in PwS. The study also showed that smoking, early illness onset age, and shorter illness duration demonstrated a significantly higher SD. The logistic regression analysis showed that BPRS, depression, and SD significantly affected the probability of QoL. By structural equation model, SD would be positively correlated with mental status and SD would indirectly influence QoL. Conclusion: Our results showed psychological and sociological factors interactions may contribute to the QoL and SD for PwS. This study also demonstrated a close relationship between SD, depression, and BPRS. These factors may predict the probability of good life quality for the PwS.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-01-25
Erscheinungsland	Korea (South)
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2414364-9
ISSN	1976-3026 ; 1738-3684
ISSN (online)	1976-3026
ISSN	1738-3684
DOI	10.30773/pi.2022.0097
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Oral Urea Supplementation in the Treatment of Acute Hyponatremia among Hospitalized Adults: A Systematic Review

Schwartz, Emily / Willcutts, Kate / Chung, Mei / Lepkoff, Rebecca / Jewell, Sarah T. / Byham-Gray, Laura

Journal of the American Nutrition Association. 2023 Apr. 3, v. 42, no. 3, p. 314-326

2023 , Seite(n) 314–326

Abstract: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance among hospitalized adults. Oral urea is currently recommended in Europe in the treatment of chronic hyponatremia; no published systematic review investigating oral urea for acute hyponatremia among ... ...

Abstract	Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance among hospitalized adults. Oral urea is currently recommended in Europe in the treatment of chronic hyponatremia; no published systematic review investigating oral urea for acute hyponatremia among hospitalized adults exists. An oral urea supplement became available in the United States in 2016. This was a systematic review investigating the use of oral urea in the treatment of acute hyponatremia among hospitalized adults. Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies published between 1998 and 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool; strength of the evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria. Changes in serum sodium and measures of safety and tolerance were reported. Eight studies were identified that met inclusion criteria, which included a total of 296 patients. Seven studies were retrospective. All studies found an increase in serum sodium levels associated with oral urea supplementation. Side effects were minimal; one patient discontinued urea due to a side effect (dysgeusia). Urea dose/duration varied among the studies. Based on the serious risk of bias and GRADE criteria, the strength of the evidence was considered low. Oral urea supplementation was associated with increases in serum sodium concentrations among hospitalized adults with hyponatremia, and appears to be safe and well tolerated in this population. Prospective controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy, comparative effectiveness, and potential cost savings of this therapy.Key teaching pointsHyponatremia is associated with negative clinical outcomes among hospitalized adults. Oral urea is now available in the United States, and is currently recommended in Europe to treat chronic hyponatremia. This systematic review shows that oral urea supplementation may be associated with increases in serum sodium levels among hospitalized adults with hyponatremia, and appears safe and well-tolerated; however, the studies reviewed here are at high risk of bias and the available evidence is of low quality, making any recommendation drawn from this data weak. Prospective controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy, comparative effectiveness, and potential cost savings of oral urea supplementation for hyponatremia.
Schlagwörter	adverse effects ; blood serum ; electrolytes ; hyponatremia ; nutrition ; patients ; risk ; sodium ; systematic review ; taste disorders ; urea ; Europe ; Oral urea ; acute ; hospitalized ; adults
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2023-0403
Umfang	p. 314-326
Erscheinungsort	Taylor & Francis
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
ISSN	2769-707X
DOI	10.1080/07315724.2022.2036267
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel ; Online: Factors associated with abstinence after a recent smoking cessation attempt across 28 European Union member states

Chung-mei M. Cheung / Constantine I. Vardavas / Filippos T. Filippidis

Tobacco Prevention and Cessation, Vol 7, Iss January, Pp 1-

2021 Band 11

Abstract: Introduction There is a lack of information regarding factors associated with successful smoking cessation on a population and European Union (EU)-wide level. Our study seeks to explore individual and country-level factors associated with abstinence ... ...

Abstract	Introduction There is a lack of information regarding factors associated with successful smoking cessation on a population and European Union (EU)-wide level. Our study seeks to explore individual and country-level factors associated with abstinence after a recent smoking cessation attempt across the EU. Methods We obtained data from the March 2017 Special Eurobarometer 87.1 (n=27901). Regression analysis was performed on a subset of 1472 individuals who made quit attempts in the past 12 months. Sociodemographic, policy and country-level factors were assessed using logistic regression among smokers and ex-smokers who attempted to quit approximately 12 months before the survey date. We defined and examined the Cessation Ratio (ratio of number of recent quitters to those who did not succeed) across 28 EU Member States. Results In all, 14.9% (n=1018) of current smokers and 8.80% (n=454) of exsmokers attempted to quit in approximately the last 12 months (n=1472). Cessation Ratios ranged from 0.182 (95% CI: 0.045–0.319) in Estonia to 1.060 (95% CI: 0.262–1.860) in Sweden. There is a quadratic, U-shaped relationship between odds of quitting and smoking prevalence. The lowest odds of cessation were observed at a prevalence of 26.3%, with higher odds of cessation observed above and below this point. Respondents who reported financial difficulties were less likely to quit (AOR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.52–0.83). There was no association of likelihood of success with other sociodemographic factors or the Tobacco Control Scale treatment score. Conclusions These findings highlight a need for exploring reasons behind the variation in likelihood of abstinence following a recent quit attempt, in order to design policies targeted at population groups or countries that need greater support.
Schlagwörter	european union ; socioeconomic status ; smoking cessation ; successful cessation ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	320
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	European Publishing
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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