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Article ; Online: Time course and epidemiological features of COVID-19 resurgence due to cold-chain food or packaging contamination

Wenjuan Chen / Chyi-Liang Chen / Qing Cao / Cheng-Hsun Chiu

Biomedical Journal, Vol 45, Iss 3, Pp 432-

2022 Volume 438

Abstract: Contaminations in frozen food imported from countries with ongoing COVID-19 epidemics have been reported in China. However, the epidemiological features of the outbreaks initiated by material-to-human transmission were less reported. The risk of this ... ...

Abstract	Contaminations in frozen food imported from countries with ongoing COVID-19 epidemics have been reported in China. However, the epidemiological features of the outbreaks initiated by material-to-human transmission were less reported. The risk of this route of transmission remains unclear, and strategies to prevent resurgence could be flawed.We aimed to demonstrate the existence of cold-chain food or packaging contamination transmission and describe the time course and epidemiological features associated with the transmission in China. This review was based on the official reports or literature for resurging COVID-19 events that were related to cold-chain food or packaging contamination in China and other countries. Although SARS-CoV-2 on the material surface is not the main source of infection, the closed and humid environment for food packaging and transportation is a place favoring the material-to-human spread of SARS-CoV-2. In this transmission mode, patient zero is often hidden and difficult to detect, such that the outbreak usually can only be perceived after a period of a secret epidemic. Regular testing for high-risk populations and imported cold-chain products, proper disinfection of imported products, and protection of susceptible population while working remain an effective way to detect and prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Contamination ; Cold-chain food ; Outbreak ; Epidemiological features ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	950
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence, Serotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Non-Typhoid Salmonella in Food in Northern Taiwan

Yi-Jung Chang / Chyi-Liang Chen / Hsin-Ping Yang / Cheng-Hsun Chiu

Pathogens, Vol 11, Iss 705, p

2022 Volume 705

Abstract: Salmonella is one of the most common bacteria causing food poisoning worldwide. We evaluated the prevalence, the serotypes, and the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Salmonella isolates from many kinds of food, particularly pork and chicken in retail, in ...

Abstract	Salmonella is one of the most common bacteria causing food poisoning worldwide. We evaluated the prevalence, the serotypes, and the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Salmonella isolates from many kinds of food, particularly pork and chicken in retail, in Taiwan between January 2017 and December 2019. The E-test was used to assess antimicrobial susceptibility and a polymerase chain reaction was performed for serotyping. A total of 459 different foods were investigated, and 117 Salmonella strains were isolated. Retail pork and chicken were the most common Salmonella -contaminated foods (64.1% and 29.1%, respectively). Of the 117 isolates, 23 serotypes were identified. The serotypes Derby (16.2%), Anatum (13.7%), and Agona (8.5%) were the most prevalent. The resistance rates to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and carbapenem were 41.9%, 11.1%, and 1.7%, respectively. The Derby and Anatum serotypes were prevalent in chicken and pork; the Anatum serotype had significantly higher ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone resistance rates and was highly prevalent in 2017 and 2018. Multi-locus sequence typing analysis revealed that the 58 randomly chosen Salmonella isolates belonged to 18 sequence types (STs). ST64 (Anatum, 16 out of 58, 27.6%) was the most common, followed by ST321 (Muenster, 6/58, 10.3%), ST831 (Give, 5/58, 8.6%), ST155 (London, 4/58, 6.9%) and ST314 (Kentucky, 4/58, 6.9%). Multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains were remarkably observed in the serotypes Anatum (ST64) and Goldcoast (ST358). This study revealed that retail pork was commonly contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella . Thus, periodic investigations of Salmonella serotypes and AMR are needed.
Keywords	Salmonella ; antimicrobial resistance ; multi-locus sequence typing ; retail pork ; chicken ; multidrug-resistant ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Response to letter to the editor

Yi-Ching Chen / Qing Cao / Chyi-Liang Chen / Cheng-Hsun Chiu

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Vol 120, Iss 5, Pp 1282-

Kawasaki disease and COVID-19: A pretext for a hot topic

2021 Volume 1283

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children

Qing Cao / Yi-Ching Chen / Chyi-Liang Chen / Cheng-Hsun Chiu

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Vol 119, Iss 3, Pp 670-

Transmission dynamics and clinical characteristics

2020 Volume 673

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Marine prebiotics mediate decolonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from gut by inhibiting secreted virulence factor interactions with mucins and enriching Bacteroides population

Rajendra Prasad Janapatla / Anna Dudek / Chyi-Liang Chen / Chih-Hsien Chuang / Kun-Yi Chien / Ye Feng / Yuan-Ming Yeh / Yi-Hsin Wang / Hsin-Ju Chang / Yuan-Chuan Lee / Cheng-Hsun Chiu

Journal of Biomedical Science, Vol 30, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 20

Abstract: Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa intestinal carriage rates are significantly higher in immunosuppressed individuals and hospitalized patients who therefore have increased risk of infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. To combat ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa intestinal carriage rates are significantly higher in immunosuppressed individuals and hospitalized patients who therefore have increased risk of infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. To combat intestinal dysbiosis and decolonize P. aeruginosa from gastrointestinal tract, we investigated the anti-adherence and gut microbiota modulation properties of marine prebiotic fucoidans. Methods Proteomic analysis of culture supernatant was performed by LC–MS/MS. Using lectin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutinin domain interaction and inhibition with biomolecules were studied. We investigated the role of nutritional grade fucoidans in a mouse model and used 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to examine fecal microbiota composition. Results Analysis of culture supernatant proteins indicated the secretion of two-partner secretion (TPS) family proteins, including TpsA1/CdiA2 and TpsA2/CdiA1. Lectin like activity at the N-terminal of TpsA due to a conserved hemagglutinin domain (Pfam identifier [ID] PF05860) mediates binding to mucins that carry multiple fucosylated glycans. Fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) and sulfated dextrans were found to be potent inhibitors of the recombinant N-terminal hemagglutinin domain of TpsA (TpsA-NT-HAD) binding to mucins. In a mouse model, antibiotic-induced dysbiosis was essential for P. aeruginosa gastrointestinal colonization. After prophylactic oral fucoidans supplementation, a higher proportion (60%) of the mice were decolonized over time and resisted re-colonization, this was associated with remarkable expansion of Bacteroides (post-infection day-3 abundance, 29–50%) and consequential reductions in bloom of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae populations. In the non-supplemented group, Parabacteroides mediated recovery from dysbiosis but failed to decolonize P. aeruginosa. Conclusions Supplementing diet with marine prebiotic fucoidans can mediate earlier recovery from dysbiosis and decolonization of P. ...
Keywords	Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Two-partner secretion system ; Hemagglutinin ; Gastrointestinal colonization ; Microbiota ; Dysbiosis ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Clinical and laboratory predictors for disease progression in patients with COVID-19

Shu-Min Lin / Allen Chung-Cheng Huang / Tzu-Hsuan Chiu / Ko-Wei Chang / Tse-Hung Huang / Tsung-Hsien Yang / Yi-Hsien Shiao / Chung-Shu Lee / Fu-Tsai Chung / Chyi-Liang Chen / Cheng-Hsun Chiu

Biomedical Journal, Vol 46, Iss 1, Pp 100-

A multi-center cohort study

2023 Volume 109

Abstract: Background: Reliable clinical and laboratory predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease progression could help to identify the subset of patients who are susceptible to severe symptoms. This study sought to identify the predictors for ... ...

Abstract	Background: Reliable clinical and laboratory predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease progression could help to identify the subset of patients who are susceptible to severe symptoms. This study sought to identify the predictors for disease progression in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This study recruited consecutive patients from four hospitals between March 1, 2020, and July 31, 2021. Demographic characteristics, laboratory results, and clinical outcomes were collected. Results: Among the 239 enrolled patients, 39.3% (94/239) experienced in-hospital disease progression. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that coronary arterial disease (CAD) (OR, 4.15; 95% C.I., 1.47–11.66), cerebrovascular attack (CVA) (OR, 12.98; 95% C.I., 1.30–129.51), platelet count < median value (OR, 3.23; 95% C.I., 1.65–6.32), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels > median value of (OR, 2.25; 95% C.I., 1.02–4.99) were independent factors associated with COVID-19 progression. Patients who underwent disease progression at days 1, 4, and 7 presented lower lymphocyte counts and higher CRP levels, compared to patients without disease progression. Conclusions: The study revealed that in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, comorbidity with CAD and CVA, low platelet count, and elevated CRP levels were independently associated with disease progression. Compared with patients without disease progression, those with disease progression presented persistently low lymphocyte counts and elevated CRP levels.
Keywords	Progression ; COVID-19 ; Outcomes ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of refractory or recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in Taiwan

Kai-Yen Lan / Puo-Hsien Le / Cheng-Tang Chiu / Chien-Chang Chen / Yuan-Ming Yeh / Hao-Tsai Cheng / Chia-Jung Kuo / Chyi-Liang Chen / Yi-Ching Chen / Pai-Jui Yeh / Cheng-Hsun Chiu / Chee-Jen Chang

Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

a cost-effectiveness analysis

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: BackgroundCompared to antibiotic treatment, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a more effective treatment for refractory or recurrent CDI (rCDI). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher incidence of CDI and worse outcomes. ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundCompared to antibiotic treatment, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a more effective treatment for refractory or recurrent CDI (rCDI). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher incidence of CDI and worse outcomes. There has been no study from Asia to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of FMT for overall rCDI patients and rCDI patients with IBD.MethodsWe applied a Markov model with deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of different treatments for rCDI patients with a time horizon of 1 year from the payer's perspective. We compared the cost and clinical outcomes of FMT through colonoscopy to two antibiotics (vancomycin and fidaxomicin) using data from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.ResultsCompared to vancomycin, FMT was cost-effective in overall rCDI patients as well as IBD patients with rCDI [USD 39356 (NT$1,101,971.98)/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained in overall patients; USD65490 (NT$1,833,719.14)/QALY gained in IBD patients]. Compared to fidaxomicin, FMT was only cost-effective in overall rCDI patients [USD20255 (NT$567,133.45)/QALY gained] but slightly increased QALY (0.0018 QALY gained) in IBD patients with rCDI.ConclusionFMT is cost-effective, compared to vancomycin or fidaxomicin, for the treatment of rCDI in most scenarios from the payers' perspective in Taiwan.
Keywords	Clostridioides difficile ; inflammatory bowel disease ; cost-effectiveness analysis ; economic evaluation ; fecal microbiota transplantation ; vancomycin ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Case–Control Study of Clostridium innocuum Infection, Taiwan

Yi-Ching Chen / Yi-Chun Kuo / Mi-Chi Chen / Young-Da Zhang / Chyi-Liang Chen / Puo-Hsien Le / Cheng-Hsun Chiu

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 28, Iss 3, Pp 599-

2022 Volume 607

Abstract: Vancomycin-resistant Clostridium innocuum was recently identified as an etiologic agent for antibiotic-associated diarrhea in humans. We conducted a case–control study involving 152 C. innocuum-infected patients during 2014–2019 in Taiwan, using 304 ... ...

Abstract	Vancomycin-resistant Clostridium innocuum was recently identified as an etiologic agent for antibiotic-associated diarrhea in humans. We conducted a case–control study involving 152 C. innocuum-infected patients during 2014–2019 in Taiwan, using 304 cases of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) matched by diagnosis year, age (+2 years), and sex as controls. The baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. C. innocuum–infected patients experienced more extraintestinal clostridial infection and gastrointestinal tract–related complications than did patients with CDI. The 30-day mortality rate among C. innocuum–infected patients was 14.5%, and the overall rate was 23.0%. Chronic kidney disease, solid tumor, intensive care unit admission, and shock status were 4 independent risk factors for death. C. innocuum identified from clinical specimens should be recognized as a pathogen requiring treatment, and because of its intrinsic vancomycin resistance, precise identification is necessary to guide appropriate and timely antimicrobial therapy.
Keywords	Clostridium innocuum ; Clostridioides difficile ; extraintestinal clostridial infection ; vancomycin resistance ; antimicrobial resistance ; bacteria ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Detecting Genetic Variation of Colonizing Streptococcus agalactiae Genomes in Humans

Yan Zhou / Xue-Chao Zhao / Lin-Qi Wang / Cheng-Wen Chen / Mei-Hua Hsu / Wan-Ting Liao / Xiao Deng / Qing Yan / Guo-Ping Zhao / Chyi-Liang Chen / Liang Zhang / Cheng-Hsun Chiu

Frontiers in Bioinformatics, Vol

A Precision Protocol

2022 Volume 2

Abstract: Deciphering the genotypic diversity of within-individual pathogens and verifying the evolutionary model can help elucidate resistant genotypes, virulent subpopulations, and the mechanism of opportunistic pathogenicity. However, observed polymorphic ... ...

Abstract	Deciphering the genotypic diversity of within-individual pathogens and verifying the evolutionary model can help elucidate resistant genotypes, virulent subpopulations, and the mechanism of opportunistic pathogenicity. However, observed polymorphic mutations (PMs) are rare and difficult to be detected in the “dominant-lineage” model of bacterial infection due to the low frequency. The four pooled group B Streptococcus (GBS) samples were collected from the genital tracts of healthy pregnant women, and the pooled samples and the isogenic controls were genomically sequenced. Using the PMcalling program, we detected the PMs in samples and compared the results between two technical duplicates, GBS-M001T and GBS-M001C. Tested with simulated datasets, the PMcalling program showed high sensitivity especially in low-frequency PMs and reasonable specificity. The genomic sequence data from pooled samples of GBS colonizing carrier pregnant women were analyzed, and few high-frequency PMs and some low-frequency PMs were discovered, indicating a dominant-lineage evolution model. The PMs mainly were nonsynonymous and enriched in quorum sensing, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, etc., suggesting antimicrobial or environmental selective pressure. The re-analysis of the published Burkholderia dolosa data showed a diverse-community model, and only a few low-frequency PMs were shared between different individuals. Genes of general control non-repressible 5-related N-acetyltransferases family, major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter, and ABC transporter were positive selection candidates. Our findings indicate an unreported nature of the dominant-lineage model of GBS colonization in healthy women, and a formerly not observed mutation pool in a colonized microbial community, possibly maintained by selection pressure.
Keywords	group B Streptococcus ; polymorphic mutation ; pooled sample ; dominant lineage ; colonization ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Microbiological and genomic investigations of invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Panama from a large outbreak in Taiwan

Ye Feng / Chyi-Liang Chen / Yi-Jung Chang / Yi-Hua Li / Chien-Shun Chiou / Lin-Hui Su / Hsin-Chieh Li / Hsin-Ping Yang / Cheng-Hsun Chiu

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Vol 121, Iss 3, Pp 660-

2022 Volume 669

Abstract: Background/purpose: Salmonella Panama was considered an invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) serovar. Comprehensive clinical, microbiological, and genomic studies on S. Panama are scarce. We aimed to characterize the clinical and microbiological ... ...

Abstract	Background/purpose: Salmonella Panama was considered an invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) serovar. Comprehensive clinical, microbiological, and genomic studies on S. Panama are scarce. We aimed to characterize the clinical and microbiological characteristics of S. Panama infection. Virulence mechanism of S. Panama and other iNTS serovars were also examined. Methods: Based on data from the longitudinal surveillance system for Salmonella deployed in Taiwan since 2004, a case–control study was undertaken to evaluate clinical characteristics of S. Panama infection during an outbreak in 2015–2016. Cellular experiments were conducted to compare pathogenicity of S. Panama and other iNTS with S. Typhimurium. Results: Most patients (41/44, 93.2%) infected by S. Panama were <5 years old (median, 1.3 years). The case–control study showed that 28 out of the 41 (68.3%) manifested as bacteremia, compared to S. Typhimurium (11.1%). Patients infected by S. Panama had longer durations of fever (P = 0.005) and hospitalization (P < 0.001). Genomic analyses split the isolates into three clades: two clones caused the outbreak, whereas another one accounted for the sporadic infections before 2015. Cellular experiments revealed that S. Panama and other iNTS serovars showed higher monolayer penetration and intracellular survival within macrophages, compared to S. Typhimurium. Conclusion: This study confirmed that S. Panama is a clinically invasive serovar. Different iNTS serovars express common virulence phenotypes, but they may acquire invasiveness through distinct expression or combinations of virulence genes.
Keywords	Salmonella ; Case-control study ; Outbreak ; Bacteremia ; Intracellular survival ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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