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Article: Electroencephalography-Based Brain-Machine Interfaces in Older Adults: A Literature Review.

Mesin, Luca / Cipriani, Giuseppina Elena / Amanzio, Martina

2023 Volume 10, Issue 4

Abstract: The aging process is a multifaceted phenomenon that affects cognitive-affective and physical functioning as well as interactions with the environment. Although subjective cognitive decline may be part of normal aging, negative changes objectified as ... ...

Abstract	The aging process is a multifaceted phenomenon that affects cognitive-affective and physical functioning as well as interactions with the environment. Although subjective cognitive decline may be part of normal aging, negative changes objectified as cognitive impairment are present in neurocognitive disorders and functional abilities are most impaired in patients with dementia. Electroencephalography-based brain-machine interfaces (BMI) are being used to assist older people in their daily activities and to improve their quality of life with neuro-rehabilitative applications. This paper provides an overview of BMI used to assist older adults. Both technical issues (detection of signals, extraction of features, classification) and application-related aspects with respect to the users' needs are considered.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2746191-9
ISSN	2306-5354
ISSN	2306-5354
DOI	10.3390/bioengineering10040395
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The nocebo phenomenon in the COVID-19 pandemic: a nocebodemic effect.

Amanzio, Martina / Cipriani, Giuseppina Elena / Mitsikostas, Dimos D

Expert review of clinical pharmacology

2022 Volume 15, Issue 12, Page(s) 1377–1382

Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had remarkable effects on psychological distress. The main stressors were prolonged quarantine and social isolation, fear of infection and death, stigmatization, infodemic, financial difficulties, and job loss. These ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had remarkable effects on psychological distress. The main stressors were prolonged quarantine and social isolation, fear of infection and death, stigmatization, infodemic, financial difficulties, and job loss. These negative stressors, which affect mental and physical health, make people more vulnerable to nocebo-related risk behaviors. We aimed to summarize data on nocebo behaviors, such as the negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of how people perceive and interpret medical services and treatments. Areas covered: Limited data were found from randomized controlled trials with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and from surveys on healthy people, healthcare workers, and patients with chronic pain disorders. Expert opinion: Studies have shown nocebo effects among participants in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines trials, among patients with chronic pain, and among healthcare workers. These effects were widely amplified during the pandemic era, prefiguring a 'nocebodemic effect' to describe the massive negative interpretation of health services and medical treatments. Greater awareness of these findings could reduce the impact of the 'nocebodemic effect' and increase public trust in science.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1751-2441
ISSN (online)	1751-2441
DOI	10.1080/17512433.2022.2142115
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: How do nocebo effects in placebo groups of randomized controlled trials provide a possible explicative framework for the COVID-19 pandemic?

Amanzio, Martina / Cipriani, Giuseppina Elena / Bartoli, Massimo

Expert review of clinical pharmacology

2021 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 439–444

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Europe ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Nocebo Effect ; Patient Dropouts ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods ; Vaccination Refusal/statistics & numerical data
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1751-2441
ISSN (online)	1751-2441
DOI	10.1080/17512433.2021.1900728
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A unique neuropsychophysiological approach to objectify emotion (dys)regulation in healthy older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Amanzio, Martina / Cipriani, Giuseppina Elena / Canessa, Nicola / Borghesi, Francesca / Chirico, Alice / Cipresso, Pietro

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 23093

Abstract: The response of older people to the COVID-19 pandemic has attracted much attention as they are at increased risk of adverse outcomes. A longitudinal study has shown that improvement in global cognitive, executive and language functioning in healthy older ...

Abstract	The response of older people to the COVID-19 pandemic has attracted much attention as they are at increased risk of adverse outcomes. A longitudinal study has shown that improvement in global cognitive, executive and language functioning in healthy older adults enrolled at the University of the Third Age appears to play a protective role against emotional dysregulation and mood changes during the pandemic. To date, no study has examined emotional dysregulation through COVID-19-related images using facial electromyographic recordings in healthy older adults. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the relationships between zygomaticus and corrugator reactivity, neuropsychological measures, and the affective dimensions of arousal, dominance, and valence. The results showed an unexpected association between higher zygomaticus activity and higher levels of apathy, depression, and anxiety. In contrast, increased contracture of the corrugator was associated with poorer performance on cognitive tests (global cognition, memory, executive functions) and physical status, i.e., walking speed. These results are consistent with the reappraisal of emotional stimuli in response to the challenges of the pandemic. Interestingly, COVID-19-related stimuli triggered the activation of bottom-up affectivity strategies associated with higher mood levels and interacted with top-down factors that play an important role in the dysregulation of cognitive control.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Pandemics ; Longitudinal Studies ; COVID-19 ; Emotions/physiology ; Cognition/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-50310-1
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Article ; Online: Are Sleep Problems Related to Psychological Distress in Healthy Aging during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Review.

Cipriani, Giuseppina Elena / Bartoli, Massimo / Amanzio, Martina

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 20

Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, characterized by home confinement and other restrictive measures to reduce the spread of the infection, led to significant changes in people's habits and lifestyle. One of the most common problems is the worsening of sleep ... ...

Abstract	The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, characterized by home confinement and other restrictive measures to reduce the spread of the infection, led to significant changes in people's habits and lifestyle. One of the most common problems is the worsening of sleep quality or quantity, which could have negative effects on psychological wellbeing, particularly in older adults. The purposes of the present literature review considering healthy aging subjects are (a) to examine the existing research on sleep alterations during the current pandemic and (b) to highlight possible relationships between sleep problems and psychological distress. A systematic search strategy was implemented according to PRISMA guidelines in the international literature online databases, up to 1 July 2021. After identification and screening phases, 11 articles were included in this review. The studies found possible associations between sleep problems and mood changes-particularly in terms of depression and anxiety. In addition, altered sleep patterns seemed to be related to changes in individual aspects, lifestyle, and attitudes adopted by older adults during the COVID-19 lockdown. Thus, the pandemic could affect the sleep and psychological wellbeing of the older population, even in healthy aging.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Anxiety ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Depression/epidemiology ; Healthy Aging ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Psychological Distress ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sleep ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph182010676
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The neuropsychology of healthy aging: the positive context of the University of the Third Age during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Amanzio, Martina / Cipriani, Giuseppina Elena / Bartoli, Massimo / Canessa, Nicola / Borghesi, Francesca / Chirico, Alice / Cipresso, Pietro

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 6355

Abstract: Older adults have been reported to have increased susceptibility to the adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as fatal outcomes, cognitive decline, and changes in physical and/or mental health. However, few studies have examined ... ...

Abstract	Older adults have been reported to have increased susceptibility to the adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as fatal outcomes, cognitive decline, and changes in physical and/or mental health. However, few studies have examined neuropsychological changes by comparing measurements before and during the pandemic in healthy older people. In addition, no longitudinal studies have examined whether older adults may have responded positively to the pandemic. We examined these issues through a 2-year neuropsychological study before and during the pandemic period. Results showed that scores before and during the pandemic were the same in memory and attention, whereas global cognitive, executive, and language functions improved. Participants also showed no longitudinal changes in depression, hypomania, and disinhibition, while apathy and, to a lesser extent, anxiety increased significantly. To examine possible signs of pandemic-related emotional (dys)regulation, subjects were shown images at follow-up that recalled the most dramatic lockdown phase while heart rate variability was recorded. Higher apathy was predicted by poorer global cognitive performance, increased anxiety, and emotional dysregulation as measured by a higher ratio of low-to-high frequency heart rate variability. Thus, preserved global cognition appears to play a protective role against the effects of pandemic-related anxiety and emotional dysregulation on apathy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Healthy Aging ; Neuropsychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-33513-4
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Article ; Online: Exploring Biomarkers of Mental Flexibility in Healthy Aging: A Computational Psychometric Study.

Borghesi, Francesca / Chirico, Alice / Pedroli, Elisa / Cipriani, Giuseppina Elena / Canessa, Nicola / Amanzio, Martina / Cipresso, Pietro

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 15

Abstract: Mental flexibility (MF) has long been defined as cognitive flexibility. Specifically, it has been mainly studied within the executive functions domain. However, there has recently been increased attention towards its affective and physiological aspects. ... ...

Abstract	Mental flexibility (MF) has long been defined as cognitive flexibility. Specifically, it has been mainly studied within the executive functions domain. However, there has recently been increased attention towards its affective and physiological aspects. As a result, MF has been described as an ecological and cross-subject skill consisting of responding variably and flexibly to environmental cognitive-affective demands. Cross-sectional studies have mainly focused on samples composed of healthy individual and of patients with chronic conditions such as Mild Cognitive Impairment and Parkinson's, emphasizing their behavioral rigidity. Our study is the first to consider a sample of healthy older subjects and to outline physiological and psychological markers typical of mental flexibility, to identify functional biomarkers associated with successful aging. Our results reveal that biomarkers (respiratory and heart rate variability assessments) distinguished between individuals high vs. low in mental flexibility more reliably than traditional neuropsychological tests. This unveiled the multifaceted nature of mental flexibility composed of both cognitive and affective aspects, which emerged only if non-linear multi-variate analytic approaches, such as Supervised Machine Learning, were used.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Psychometrics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Healthy Aging ; Executive Function/physiology ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23156983
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Article: Executive Dysfunction and Reduced Self-Awareness in Patients With Neurological Disorders. A Mini-Review.

Amanzio, Martina / Bartoli, Massimo / Cipriani, Giuseppina Elena / Palermo, Sara

Frontiers in psychology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 1697

Abstract: Awareness of deficits in patients with neurological disorders may be described as a theoretical unitary phenomenon, which has been analysed reaching interesting results in the last decades. Awareness of deficits manifests itself in a continuum ranging ... ...

Abstract	Awareness of deficits in patients with neurological disorders may be described as a theoretical unitary phenomenon, which has been analysed reaching interesting results in the last decades. Awareness of deficits manifests itself in a continuum ranging from full awareness to total absence. In line with a neurocognitive approach, a reduction in self-awareness could be explained considering executive dysfunction associated with prefrontal cortex anatomo-functional changes. Our mini-review will focus on reduced self-awareness in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, behavioural Frontotemporal Dementia and Acquired Brain Injuries. Results achieved thanks to an explanatory investigative approach combined with a theoretical reference model will be presented. Data suggest the key role of executive functions in supporting adequate self-awareness towards patients' cognitive-behavioural profile and instrumental activity autonomy. The Cognitive Awareness Model seems to be one of the best theoretical model to better approach this phenomenon.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01697
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Article: A Possible Association Between Executive Dysfunction and Frailty in Patients With Neurocognitive Disorders.

Bartoli, Massimo / Palermo, Sara / Cipriani, Giuseppina Elena / Amanzio, Martina

Frontiers in psychology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 554307

Abstract: Frailty is an age-related dynamic status, characterized by a reduced resistance to stressors due to the cumulative decline of multiple physiological systems. Several researches have highlighted a relationship between physical frailty and cognitive ... ...

Abstract	Frailty is an age-related dynamic status, characterized by a reduced resistance to stressors due to the cumulative decline of multiple physiological systems. Several researches have highlighted a relationship between physical frailty and cognitive decline; however, the role of specific cognitive domains has not been deeply clarified yet. Current studies have hypothesized that physical frailty and neuropsychological deficits may share systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress in different neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. However, the role of the executive dysfunction should be investigated in a more detailed way using a multidimensional approach. With this aim, we conducted a review of the literature on the few experimental articles published to discuss the existence of a relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment in neurocognitive disorders, particularly focusing on the domain of executive dysfunction. The data suggest that physical frailty and cognitive decline, especially executive dysfunction, are two aspects strongly linked in mild and major neurocognitive disorders due to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In light of this, a new framework linking aging, cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative diseases is needed. In order to analyze the effects that aging processes have on neural decline and neurocognitive disease, and to identify relevant groups of users and patients, future longitudinal studies should adopt a multidimensional approach, in the field of primary prevention and in the continuum from mild to major neurocognitive disorder.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2020.554307
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Article: Lockdown Effects on Healthy Cognitive Aging During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study.

Amanzio, Martina / Canessa, Nicola / Bartoli, Massimo / Cipriani, Giuseppina Elena / Palermo, Sara / Cappa, Stefano F

Frontiers in psychology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 685180

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a health issue leading older adults to an increased vulnerability to unfavorable outcomes. Indeed, the presence of physical frailty has recently led to higher mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, no longitudinal ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic is a health issue leading older adults to an increased vulnerability to unfavorable outcomes. Indeed, the presence of physical frailty has recently led to higher mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, no longitudinal studies have investigated the role of neuropsychogeriatric factors associated with lockdown fatigue in healthy cognitive aging. Eighty-one healthy older adults were evaluated for their neuropsychological characteristics, including physical frailty, before the pandemic (T0). Subsequently, 50 of them agreed to be interviewed and neuropsychologically re-assessed during the lockdown (T1) and immediately after it (T2). Moreover, during another home confinement, they performed a psychological screening (T3) to evaluate possible mood changes and fatigue. According to Fried's frailty criteria, at T0, 63% of the sample was robust, 34.5% pre-frail, and only 2.5% frail. Significantly, these subjects presented a decrease in handgrip strength and walking speed (29.6 and 6.1%, respectively). Results from Principal Component Analyses and multiple regression models highlighted the contribution of "cognitive" and "psychological" factors (i.e., attentive-executive performance and mood deflections) in explaining handgrip strength and gait speed. At T3, lockdown fatigue was explained by higher scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and lower scores on the Trail Making Test part A. Results from a moderated-mediation model showed that the effect of psychomotor speed on lockdown fatigue was mediated by depression, with a moderating effect of gait speed. Our findings highlight the complex interrelationship between cognitive, psychological, and physical factors in the emergence of pandemic fatigue in a carefully selected older population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685180
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