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  1. Article ; Online: Argument mining as rapid screening tool of COVID-19 literature quality: Preliminary evidence.

    Brambilla, Gianfranco / Rosi, Antonella / Antici, Francesco / Galassi, Andrea / Giansanti, Daniele / Magurano, Fabio / Ruggeri, Federico / Torroni, Paolo / Cisbani, Evaristo / Lippi, Marco

    Frontiers in public health

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 945181

    Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the scientific community to share timely evidence, also in the form of pre-printed papers, not peer reviewed yet.: Purpose: To develop an artificial intelligence system for the analysis of the scientific ... ...

    Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the scientific community to share timely evidence, also in the form of pre-printed papers, not peer reviewed yet.
    Purpose: To develop an artificial intelligence system for the analysis of the scientific literature by leveraging on recent developments in the field of Argument Mining.
    Methodology: Scientific quality criteria were borrowed from two selected Cochrane systematic reviews. Four independent reviewers gave a blind evaluation on a 1-5 scale to 40 papers for each review. These scores were matched with the automatic analysis performed by an AM system named MARGOT, which detected claims and supporting evidence for the cited papers. Outcomes were evaluated with inter-rater indices (Cohen's Kappa, Krippendorff's Alpha, s
    Results: MARGOT performs differently on the two selected Cochrane reviews: the inter-rater indices show a fair-to-moderate agreement of the most relevant MARGOT metrics both with Cochrane and the skilled interval scores, with larger values for one of the two reviews.
    Discussion and conclusions: The noted discrepancy could rely on a limitation of the MARGOT system that can be improved; yet, the level of agreement between human reviewers also suggests a different complexity between the two reviews in debating controversial arguments. These preliminary results encourage to expand and deepen the investigation to other topics and a larger number of highly specialized reviewers, to reduce uncertainty in the evaluation process, thus supporting the retraining of AM systems.
    MeSH term(s) Artificial Intelligence ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2022.945181
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Comparing the effects of irradiation with protons or photons on neonatal mouse brain: Apoptosis, oncogenesis and hippocampal alterations.

    Giovannini, Daniela / Antonelli, Francesca / Casciati, Arianna / De Angelis, Cinzia / Denise Astorino, Maria / Bazzano, Giulia / Fratini, Emiliano / Ampollini, Alessandro / Vadrucci, Monia / Cisbani, Evaristo / Nenzi, Paolo / Picardi, Luigi / Saran, Anna / Marino, Carmela / Mancuso, Mariateresa / Ronsivalle, Concetta / Pazzaglia, Simonetta

    Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

    2024  Volume 195, Page(s) 110267

    Abstract: Background and purpose: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a common primary brain cancer in children. Proton therapy in pediatric MB is intensively studied and widely adopted. Compared to photon, proton radiations offer potential for reduced toxicity due to the ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a common primary brain cancer in children. Proton therapy in pediatric MB is intensively studied and widely adopted. Compared to photon, proton radiations offer potential for reduced toxicity due to the characteristic Bragg Peak at the end of their path in tissue. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of irradiation with the same dose of protons or photons in Patched1 heterozygous knockout mice, a murine model predisposed to cancer and non-cancer radiogenic pathologies, including MB and lens opacity.
    Materials and methods: TOP-IMPLART is a pulsed linear proton accelerator for proton therapy applications. We compared the long-term health effects of 3 Gy of protons or photons in neonatal mice exposed at postnatal day 2, during a peculiarly susceptible developmental phase of the cerebellum, lens, and hippocampus, to genotoxic stress.
    Results: Experimental testing of the 5 mm Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) proton beam, through evaluation of apoptotic response, confirmed that both cerebellum and hippocampus were within the SOBP irradiation field. While no differences in MB induction were observed after irradiation with protons or photons, lens opacity examination confirmed sparing of the lens after proton exposure. Marked differences in expression of neurogenesis-related genes and in neuroinflammation, but not in hippocampal neurogenesis, were observed after irradiation of wild-type mice with both radiation types.
    Conclusion: In-vivo experiments with radiosensitive mouse models improve our mechanistic understanding of the dependence of brain damage on radiation quality, thus having important implications in translational research.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Apoptosis/radiation effects ; Proton Therapy/adverse effects ; Hippocampus/radiation effects ; Photons ; Animals, Newborn ; Medulloblastoma/radiotherapy ; Medulloblastoma/pathology ; Carcinogenesis/radiation effects ; Mice, Knockout ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology ; Brain/radiation effects ; Patched-1 Receptor/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Protons/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-11
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Comparative Study
    ZDB-ID 605646-5
    ISSN 1879-0887 ; 0167-8140
    ISSN (online) 1879-0887
    ISSN 0167-8140
    DOI 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110267
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: UNet and MobileNet CNN-based model observers for CT protocol optimization: comparative performance evaluation by means of phantom CT images.

    Valeri, Federico / Bartolucci, Maurizio / Cantoni, Elena / Carpi, Roberto / Cisbani, Evaristo / Cupparo, Ilaria / Doria, Sandra / Gori, Cesare / Grigioni, Mauro / Lasagni, Lorenzo / Marconi, Alessandro / Mazzoni, Lorenzo Nicola / Miele, Vittorio / Pradella, Silvia / Risaliti, Guido / Sanguineti, Valentina / Sona, Diego / Vannucchi, Letizia / Taddeucci, Adriana

    Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)

    2023  Volume 10, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) S11904

    Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this work is the development and characterization of a model observer (MO) based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), trained to mimic human observers in image evaluation in terms of detection and localization of low-contrast ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The aim of this work is the development and characterization of a model observer (MO) based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), trained to mimic human observers in image evaluation in terms of detection and localization of low-contrast objects in CT scans acquired on a reference phantom. The final goal is automatic image quality evaluation and CT protocol optimization to fulfill the ALARA principle.
    Approach: Preliminary work was carried out to collect localization confidence ratings of human observers for signal presence/absence from a dataset of 30,000 CT images acquired on a PolyMethyl MethAcrylate phantom containing inserts filled with iodinated contrast media at different concentrations. The collected data were used to generate the labels for the training of the artificial neural networks. We developed and compared two CNN architectures based respectively on Unet and MobileNetV2, specifically adapted to achieve the double tasks of classification and localization. The CNN evaluation was performed by computing the area under localization-ROC curve (LAUC) and accuracy metrics on the test dataset.
    Results: The mean of absolute percentage error between the LAUC of the human observer and MO was found to be below 5% for the most significative test data subsets. An elevated inter-rater agreement was achieved in terms of S-statistics and other common statistical indices.
    Conclusions: Very good agreement was measured between the human observer and MO, as well as between the performance of the two algorithms. Therefore, this work is highly supportive of the feasibility of employing CNN-MO combined with a specifically designed phantom for CT protocol optimization programs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2329-4302
    ISSN 2329-4302
    DOI 10.1117/1.JMI.10.S1.S11904
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: In Vivo Radiobiological Investigations with the TOP-IMPLART Proton Beam on a Medulloblastoma Mouse Model.

    Giovannini, Daniela / De Angelis, Cinzia / Astorino, Maria Denise / Fratini, Emiliano / Cisbani, Evaristo / Bazzano, Giulia / Ampollini, Alessandro / Piccinini, Massimo / Nichelatti, Enrico / Trinca, Emiliano / Nenzi, Paolo / Mancuso, Mariateresa / Picardi, Luigi / Marino, Carmela / Ronsivalle, Concetta / Pazzaglia, Simonetta

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 9

    Abstract: Protons are now increasingly used to treat pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) patients. We designed and characterized a setup to deliver proton beams for in vivo radiobiology experiments at a TOP-IMPLART facility, a prototype of a proton-therapy linear ... ...

    Abstract Protons are now increasingly used to treat pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) patients. We designed and characterized a setup to deliver proton beams for in vivo radiobiology experiments at a TOP-IMPLART facility, a prototype of a proton-therapy linear accelerator developed at the ENEA Frascati Research Center, with the goal of assessing the feasibility of TOP-IMPLART for small animal proton therapy research. Mice bearing Sonic-Hedgehog (Shh)-dependent MB in the flank were irradiated with protons to test whether irradiation could be restricted to a specific depth in the tumor tissue and to compare apoptosis induced by the same dose of protons or photons. In addition, the brains of neonatal mice at postnatal day 5 (P5), representing a very small target, were irradiated with 6 Gy of protons with two different collimated Spread-Out Bragg Peaks (SOBPs). Apoptosis was visualized by immunohistochemistry for the apoptotic marker caspase-3-activated, and quantified by Western blot. Our findings proved that protons could be delivered to the upper part while sparing the deepest part of MB. In addition, a comparison of the effectiveness of protons and photons revealed a very similar increase in the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Finally, by using a very small target, the brain of P5-neonatal mice, we demonstrated that the proton irradiation field reached the desired depth in brain tissue. Using the TOP-IMPLART accelerator we established setup and procedures for proton irradiation, suitable for translational preclinical studies. This is the first example of in vivo experiments performed with a "full-linac" proton-therapy accelerator.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Protons ; Medulloblastoma/radiotherapy ; Caspase 3 ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Radiobiology
    Chemical Substances Protons ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms24098281
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: SNIFFER

    Cisbani E. / Castelluccio D. M. / Frullani S.

    EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol 24, p

    An aerial platform for the plume phase of a nuclear emergency

    2012  Volume 07003

    Abstract: When a nuclear or radiological accident results in a release of a radioactive plume, AGS (Aerial Gamma Spectrometry) systems used in many countries, equipped with passive detectors, can help in giving quantitative assessment on the radiological situation ...

    Abstract When a nuclear or radiological accident results in a release of a radioactive plume, AGS (Aerial Gamma Spectrometry) systems used in many countries, equipped with passive detectors, can help in giving quantitative assessment on the radiological situation (land surface contamination level) only when the air contamination due to the passage of the travelling plume has become negligible. To overcome this limitation, the Italian Institute of Health has developed and implemented a multi purpose air sampling system based on a fixed wing aircraft, for time-effective, large areas radiological surveillance (to face radiological emergency and to support homeland security). A fixed wing aircraft (Sky Arrow 650) with the front part of the fuselage properly adapted to house the detection equipment has been equipped with a compact air sampling line where the isokinetic sampling is dynamically maintained. Aerosol is collected on a Teflon® filter positioned along the line and hosted on a rotating 4-filters disk. A complex of detectors allows radionuclide identification in the collected aerosol samples. A correlated analysis of these two detectors data allows a quantitative measurement of air as well as ground surface concentration of gamma emitting radioisotopes. Environmental sensors and a GPS receiver support the characterization of the sampling conditions and the temporal and geolocation of the acquired data. Acquisition and control system based on compact electronics and real time software that operate the sampling line actuators, guarantee the dynamical isokinetic condition, and acquire the detectors and sensor data. The system is also equipped with other sampling lines to provide information on the concentration of other chemical pollutants. Operative flights have been carried out in the last years, and performances and results are presented.
    Keywords Physics ; QC1-999 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Physics (General) ; DOAJ:Physics and Astronomy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher EDP Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Investigating the proton structure through polarization transfers in real Compton scattering processes at JLAB

    Fanelli C. / Cisbani E. / Hamilton D. / Salmè G. / Wojtsekhowski B.

    EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol 73, p

    2014  Volume 02015

    Abstract: In the present work, preliminary results of the analysis of polarization transfers in real Compton scattering (RCS) performed in Hall-C at JLAB are presented, for data collected at large scattering angle (θcm=70o) in the experiment E07-002. A previous ... ...

    Abstract In the present work, preliminary results of the analysis of polarization transfers in real Compton scattering (RCS) performed in Hall-C at JLAB are presented, for data collected at large scattering angle (θcm=70o) in the experiment E07-002. A previous experiment, E99-114, has already demonstrated a complete inconsistence of its results with a pQCD mechanism at JLAB energy regime. This kind of experiment, therefore, is of crucial importance for understanding the nature of the reaction mechanism for such a simple process, involving a real photon. Furthermore, RCS experiments allow the extraction of Compton form factors and Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs), the latter connected to the total angular momentum of the nucleon.
    Keywords Physics ; QC1-999 ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher EDP Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Study of the proton structure by measurements of polarization transfers in real Compton scattering at JLab

    Fanelli C. / Cisbani E. / Hamilton D. / Salmè G. / Wojtsekhowski B.

    EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol 66, p

    2014  Volume 06006

    Abstract: A preliminary analysis of polarization-transfer data at large scattering angle (70°), obtained in an experiment of real Compton scattering on proton, performed in Hall-C of Jefferson Lab, is presented. It is also discussed the relevance of this kind of ... ...

    Abstract A preliminary analysis of polarization-transfer data at large scattering angle (70°), obtained in an experiment of real Compton scattering on proton, performed in Hall-C of Jefferson Lab, is presented. It is also discussed the relevance of this kind of experiments for shedding light on the non-perturbative structure of the proton, at low energy, and on the transition from the non-perturbative regime to the perturbative one, that occurs at high energy. Moreover, the possibility to extract Compton form factors and the Generalized Parton Distributions, one of the most promising theoretical tool to determine the total angular momentum contribution of quarks and gluons to nucleon spin, is emphasized.
    Keywords Physics ; QC1-999 ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher EDP Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: US/TOF-PET endorectal probe compatible with MR, for diagnosis and staging of the prostate cancer

    Garibaldi, F. / Bettinardi, V. / Brembilla, G. / Briganti, A. / Cisbani, E. / Clinthorne, N. / Cobelli, F. de / Taille, C. de la / Fournelle, M. / Gianolli, L. / Majewski, S. / Montorsi, F. / Nuyts, J. / Picchio, M. / Ziemons, K.

    2020  

    Abstract: Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis of PCa is crucial for effective and successful treatment. Our project aims at developing a unique, highly performing flexible geometry multi-modality ... ...

    Abstract Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis of PCa is crucial for effective and successful treatment. Our project aims at developing a unique, highly performing flexible geometry multi-modality imaging system for diagnosis and staging of PCa. The imager will have the form of an endorectal probe combining high-resolution (0.1 mm) ultrasound (US) with a very high-resolution Positron Emission Tomography (PET) probe (1 mm spatial resolution) with exceptional Time-of-Flight (TOF) capability (100 ps FWHM targeted) compatible with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), in coincidence with a set of external PET panels. While standard multiparametric MRI (mpMR) has drawbacks, diagnosis will be improved significantly by the introduction of PSPMA-PET as well as the simultaneous PET/MR imaging. The system will be capable of morphological visualization instantly and continuously combined with biological and metabolic activity, offering crucial improvement with respect to standard systems (detection of ∼ 2 mm lesions vs. ∼ 6 mm lesions) in spatial resolution, efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), scanning time and/or lowering injected dose.

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    Keywords prostate cancer ; endorectal probe ; 610 ; 620
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: CHARACTERIZATION OF 27 MEV PROTON BEAM GENERATED BY TOP-IMPLART LINEAR ACCELERATOR.

    De Angelis, C / Ampollini, A / Basile, E / Cisbani, E / Della Monaca, S / Ghio, F / Montereali, R M / Picardi, L / Piccinini, M / Placido, C / Ronsivalle, C / Soriani, A / Strigari, L / Trinca, E / Vadrucci, M

    Radiation protection dosimetry

    2018  Volume 180, Issue 1-4, Page(s) 329–333

    Abstract: The first proton linear accelerator for tumor therapy based on an actively scanned beam up to the energy of 150 MeV, is under development and construction by ENEA-Frascati, ISS and IFO, under the Italian TOP-IMPLART project. Protons up to the energy of 7 ...

    Abstract The first proton linear accelerator for tumor therapy based on an actively scanned beam up to the energy of 150 MeV, is under development and construction by ENEA-Frascati, ISS and IFO, under the Italian TOP-IMPLART project. Protons up to the energy of 7 MeV are generated by a customized commercial injector operating at 425 MHz; currently three accelerating modules allow proton delivery with energy up to 27 MeV. Beam homogeneity and reproducibility were studied using a 2D ionizing chamber, EBT3 films, a silicon diode, MOSFETs, LiF crystals and alanine dosimetry systems. Measurements were taken in air with the detectors at ~1 m from the beam line exit window. The maximum energy impinging on the detectors surface was 24.1 MeV, an energy suitable for radiobiological studies. Results showed beam reproducibility within 5% and homogeneity within 4%, on a circular surface of 16 mm in diameter.
    MeSH term(s) Film Dosimetry/instrumentation ; Film Dosimetry/methods ; Fluorides/chemistry ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Lithium Compounds/chemistry ; Particle Accelerators/instrumentation ; Protons ; Silicon/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Lithium Compounds ; Protons ; lithium fluoride (1485XST65B) ; Fluorides (Q80VPU408O) ; Silicon (Z4152N8IUI)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 225912-6
    ISSN 1742-3406 ; 0144-8420
    ISSN (online) 1742-3406
    ISSN 0144-8420
    DOI 10.1093/rpd/ncy001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Addressing signal alterations induced in CT images by deep learning processing: A preliminary phantom study.

    Doria, Sandra / Valeri, Federico / Lasagni, Lorenzo / Sanguineti, Valentina / Ragonesi, Ruggero / Akbar, Muhammad Usman / Gnerucci, Alessio / Del Bue, Alessio / Marconi, Alessandro / Risaliti, Guido / Grigioni, Mauro / Miele, Vittorio / Sona, Diego / Cisbani, Evaristo / Gori, Cesare / Taddeucci, Adriana

    Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)

    2021  Volume 83, Page(s) 88–100

    Abstract: Purpose: We investigate, by an extensive quality evaluation approach, performances and potential side effects introduced in Computed Tomography (CT) images by Deep Learning (DL) processing.: Method: We selected two relevant processing steps, denoise ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: We investigate, by an extensive quality evaluation approach, performances and potential side effects introduced in Computed Tomography (CT) images by Deep Learning (DL) processing.
    Method: We selected two relevant processing steps, denoise and segmentation, implemented by two Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) models based on autoencoder architecture (encoder-decoder and UNet) and trained for the two tasks. In order to limit the number of uncontrolled variables, we designed a phantom containing cylindrical inserts of different sizes, filled with iodinated contrast media. A large CT image dataset was collected at different acquisition settings and two reconstruction algorithms. We characterized the CNNs behavior using metrics from the signal detection theory, radiological and conventional image quality parameters, and finally unconventional radiomic features analysis.
    Results: The UNet, due to the deeper architecture complexity, outperformed the shallower encoder-decoder in terms of conventional quality parameters and preserved spatial resolution. We also studied how the CNNs modify the noise texture by using radiomic analysis, identifying sensitive and insensitive features to the denoise processing.
    Conclusions: The proposed evaluation approach proved effective to accurately analyze and quantify the differences in CNNs behavior, in particular with regard to the alterations introduced in the processed images. Our results suggest that even a deeper and more complex network, which achieves good performances, is not necessarily a better network because it can modify texture features in an unwanted way.
    MeSH term(s) Deep Learning ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-16
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1122650-x
    ISSN 1724-191X ; 1120-1797
    ISSN (online) 1724-191X
    ISSN 1120-1797
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.02.022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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