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  1. Article ; Online: A narrative review of exercise dose during pregnancy.

    Claiborne, Alex / Jevtovic, Filip / May, Linda E

    Birth defects research

    2023  Volume 115, Issue 17, Page(s) 1581–1597

    Abstract: The current recommendations for prenatal exercise dose align with those from the American College of Sports Medicine; 150 min of moderate intensity every week of pregnancy. However, recent works suggest there may be a dose-dependent beneficial effect for ...

    Abstract The current recommendations for prenatal exercise dose align with those from the American College of Sports Medicine; 150 min of moderate intensity every week of pregnancy. However, recent works suggest there may be a dose-dependent beneficial effect for mother and offspring; maternal and offspring health outcomes respond differently to low, medium, and high doses of prenatal exercise. It is, therefore, our aim to summarize the published evidence (years 1950-2023) for five metrics of prenatal exercise training commonly reported, that is, "FITT-V": Frequency (number of sessions), Intensity (metabolic equivalents "METs"), Time (duration of sessions), Type (exercise mode), Volume (exercise MET*mins). The target audience includes clinicians and health care professionals, as well as exercise professionals and physiologists. Data suggest that moderate exercise frequency (3-4 times weekly) appears safe and efficacious for mother and offspring, while there is contradictory evidence for the safety and further benefit of increased frequency beyond 5 sessions per week. Moderate (3-6 METs) and vigorous (>6 METs) intensity prenatal exercise have been shown to promote maternal and offspring health, while little research has been performed on low-intensity (<3 METs) exercise. Exercise sessions lasting less than 1 hr are safe for mother and fetus, while longer-duration exercise should be carefully considered and monitored. Taken together, aerobic, resistance, or a combination of exercise types is well tolerated at medium-to-high volumes and offers a variety of type-specific benefits. Still, research is needed to define (1) the "minimum" effective dose of exercise for mother and offspring health, as well as (2) the maximum tolerable dose from which more benefits may be seen. Additionally, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials addressing exercise doses during the three trimesters of pregnancy. Further, the protocols adopted in research studies should be more standardized and tested for efficacy in different populations of gravid women.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2104792-3
    ISSN 2472-1727
    ISSN (online) 2472-1727
    DOI 10.1002/bdr2.2249
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Muscle group-specific skeletal muscle aging: a 5-yr longitudinal study in septuagenarians.

    Naruse, Masatoshi / Fountain, William A / Claiborne, Alex / Finch, W Holmes / Trappe, Scott / Trappe, Todd A

    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

    2023  Volume 134, Issue 4, Page(s) 915–922

    Abstract: There is some evidence that the age-associated change in skeletal muscle mass is muscle specific, yet the number of specific muscles that have been studied to form our understanding in this area is limited. In addition, few aging investigations have ... ...

    Abstract There is some evidence that the age-associated change in skeletal muscle mass is muscle specific, yet the number of specific muscles that have been studied to form our understanding in this area is limited. In addition, few aging investigations have examined multiple muscles in the same individuals. This longitudinal investigation compared changes in skeletal muscle size via computed tomography of the quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius), hamstrings (biceps femoris short and long heads, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus), psoas, rectus abdominis, lateral abdominals (obliques and transversus abdominis), and paraspinal muscles (erector spinae and multifidi) of older individuals from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study at baseline and 5.0 ± 0.1 years later (
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Male ; Longitudinal Studies ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Quadriceps Muscle/physiology ; Muscular Atrophy ; Aging ; Hypertrophy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 219139-8
    ISSN 1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    ISSN (online) 1522-1601
    ISSN 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00769.2022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Controlling Inflammation Improves Aging Skeletal Muscle Health.

    Fountain, William A / Naruse, Masatoshi / Claiborne, Alex / Trappe, Scott / Trappe, Todd A

    Exercise and sport sciences reviews

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 51–56

    Abstract: Chronic inflammation is associated with a decline in aging skeletal muscle health. Inflammation also seems to interfere with the beneficial skeletal muscle adaptations conferred by exercise training in older individuals. We hypothesize that the ... ...

    Abstract Chronic inflammation is associated with a decline in aging skeletal muscle health. Inflammation also seems to interfere with the beneficial skeletal muscle adaptations conferred by exercise training in older individuals. We hypothesize that the cyclooxygenase pathway is partially responsible for this negative inflammatory influence on aging skeletal muscle health and plasticity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Aging/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Inflammation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 187040-3
    ISSN 1538-3008 ; 0091-6331
    ISSN (online) 1538-3008
    ISSN 0091-6331
    DOI 10.1249/JES.0000000000000313
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Influence of aspirin on aging skeletal muscle: Insights from a cross-sectional cohort of septuagenarians.

    Fountain, William A / Naruse, Masatoshi / Finch, W Holmes / Claiborne, Alex / Trappe, Scott W / Trappe, Todd A

    Physiological reports

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) e15669

    Abstract: Aspirin is one of the most commonly consumed cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitors and anti-inflammatory drugs and has been shown to block COX-produced regulators of inflammation and aging skeletal muscle size. We used propensity score matching to compare ... ...

    Abstract Aspirin is one of the most commonly consumed cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitors and anti-inflammatory drugs and has been shown to block COX-produced regulators of inflammation and aging skeletal muscle size. We used propensity score matching to compare skeletal muscle characteristics of individuals from the Health ABC study that did not consume aspirin or any other COX-inhibiting drugs (non-consumers, n = 497, 74 ± 3 year, 168 ± 9 cm, 75.1 ± 13.8 kg, 33.1 ± 7.4% body fat, 37% women, 34% black) to those that consumed aspirin daily (and not any other COX-inhibiting drugs) and for at least 1 year (aspirin consumers, n = 515, 74 ± 3 year, 168 ± 9 cm, 76.2 ± 13.6 kg, 33.8 ± 7.1% body fat, 39% women, 30% black, average aspirin consumption: 6 year). Subjects were matched (p > 0.05) based on age, height, weight, % body fat, sex, and race (propensity scores: 0.33 ± 0.09 vs. 0.33 ± 0.09, p > 0.05). There was no difference between non-consumers and aspirin consumers for computed tomography-determined muscle size of the quadriceps (103.5 ± 0.9 vs. 104.9 ± 0.8 cm
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Male ; Aspirin/pharmacology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Aging/physiology ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E) ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2724325-4
    ISSN 2051-817X ; 2051-817X
    ISSN (online) 2051-817X
    ISSN 2051-817X
    DOI 10.14814/phy2.15669
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Methods for analyzing infant heart rate variability: A preliminary study.

    Claiborne, Alex / Williams, Alexandra / Jolly, Colby / Isler, Christy / Newton, Edward / May, Linda / George, Stephanie

    Birth defects research

    2023  Volume 115, Issue 10, Page(s) 998–1006

    Abstract: Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) reflect autonomic development in infants. To better understand the autonomic response in infants, reliable HRV recordings are vital, yet no protocol exists. The purpose of this paper is to present ... ...

    Abstract Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) reflect autonomic development in infants. To better understand the autonomic response in infants, reliable HRV recordings are vital, yet no protocol exists. The purpose of this paper is to present reliability of a common procedure for analysis from two different file types. In the procedure, continuous electrocardiograph recordings of 5-10 min are obtained at rest in infants at 1 month of age by using a Hexoskin Shirt-Junior's (Carre Technologies Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada). Electrocardiograph (ECG; .wav) and R-R interval (RRi; .csv) files are extracted. The RRi of the ECG signal is generated by VivoSense (Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies, Independence, OH). Two MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA) scripts converted files for analysis with Kubios HRV Premium (Kubios Oy, Kuopio, Finland). A comparison was made between RRi and ECG files for HR and HRV parameters, and then tested with t tests and correlations via SPSS. There are significant differences in root mean squared successive differences between recording types, with only HR and low-frequency measures significantly correlated together. Recording with Hexoskin and analysis with MATLAB and Kubios enable infant HRV analysis. Differences in outcomes exist between procedures, and standard methodology for infant HR analysis is needed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant ; Heart Rate ; Reproducibility of Results ; Electrocardiography/methods ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Data Collection
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2104792-3
    ISSN 2472-1727
    ISSN (online) 2472-1727
    DOI 10.1002/bdr2.2177
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Effects of maternal exercise on infant mesenchymal stem cell mitochondrial function, insulin action, and body composition in infancy.

    Jevtovic, Filip / Zheng, Donghai / Claiborne, Alex / Biagioni, Ericka M / Wisseman, Breanna L / Krassovskaia, Polina M / Collier, David N / Isler, Christy / DeVente, James E / Neufer, P Darrell / Houmard, Joseph A / May, Linda E

    Physiological reports

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) e16028

    Abstract: Maternal exercise (ME) has been established as a useful non-pharmacological intervention to improve infant metabolic health; however, mechanistic insight behind these adaptations remains mostly confined to animal models. Infant mesenchymal stem cells ( ... ...

    Abstract Maternal exercise (ME) has been established as a useful non-pharmacological intervention to improve infant metabolic health; however, mechanistic insight behind these adaptations remains mostly confined to animal models. Infant mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to infant tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle), and remain involved in mature tissue maintenance. Importantly, these cells maintain metabolic characteristics of an offspring donor and provide a model for the investigation of mechanisms behind infant metabolic health improvements. We used undifferentiated MSC to investigate if ME affects infant MSC mitochondrial function and insulin action, and if these adaptations are associated with lower infant adiposity. We found that infants from exercising mothers have improvements in MSC insulin signaling related to higher MSC respiration and fat oxidation, and expression and activation of energy-sensing and redox-sensitive proteins. Further, we found that infants exposed to exercise in utero were leaner at 1 month of age, with a significant inverse correlation between infant MSC respiration and infant adiposity at 6 months of age. These data suggest that infants from exercising mothers are relatively leaner, and this is associated with higher infant MSC mitochondrial respiration, fat use, and insulin action.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Male ; Body Composition/physiology ; Adult ; Infant, Newborn ; Adiposity/physiology
    Chemical Substances Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2724325-4
    ISSN 2051-817X ; 2051-817X
    ISSN (online) 2051-817X
    ISSN 2051-817X
    DOI 10.14814/phy2.16028
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: NASA SPRINT exercise program efficacy for vastus lateralis and soleus skeletal muscle health during 70 days of simulated microgravity.

    Trappe, Todd A / Minchev, Kiril / Perkins, Ryan K / Lavin, Kaleen M / Jemiolo, Bozena / Ratchford, Stephen M / Claiborne, Alex / Lee, Gary A / Finch, W Holmes / Ryder, Jeffrey W / Ploutz-Snyder, Lori / Trappe, Scott W

    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

    2024  Volume 136, Issue 5, Page(s) 1015–1039

    Abstract: The efficacy of the NASA SPRINT exercise countermeasures program for quadriceps (vastus lateralis) and triceps surae (soleus) skeletal muscle health was investigated during 70 days of simulated microgravity. Individuals completed 6° head-down-tilt ... ...

    Abstract The efficacy of the NASA SPRINT exercise countermeasures program for quadriceps (vastus lateralis) and triceps surae (soleus) skeletal muscle health was investigated during 70 days of simulated microgravity. Individuals completed 6° head-down-tilt bedrest (BR,
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Quadriceps Muscle/physiology ; Quadriceps Muscle/metabolism ; Weightlessness Simulation/methods ; Adult ; Exercise/physiology ; Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; United States ; Bed Rest/adverse effects ; Testosterone/metabolism ; Testosterone/blood ; Space Flight/methods ; Muscular Atrophy/prevention & control ; Muscular Atrophy/physiopathology ; Resistance Training/methods ; Weightlessness/adverse effects ; Muscle Strength/physiology
    Chemical Substances Myosin Heavy Chains (EC 3.6.4.1) ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 219139-8
    ISSN 1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    ISSN (online) 1522-1601
    ISSN 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00489.2023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Exercise FITT-V during pregnancy: Association with birth outcomes.

    Claiborne, Alex / Wisseman, Breanna / Kern, Kara / Steen, Dylan / Jevtovic, Filip / McDonald, Samantha / Strom, Cody / Newton, Edward / Isler, Christy / Devente, James / Mouro, Steven / Collier, David / Kuehn, Devon / Kelley, George A / May, Linda E

    Birth defects research

    2024  Volume 116, Issue 4, Page(s) e2340

    Abstract: Background: Prenatal exercise improves birth outcomes, but research into exercise dose-response effects is limited.: Methods: This study is a retrospective, secondary analysis of pooled data from three blinded, prospective, randomized controlled ... ...

    Abstract Background: Prenatal exercise improves birth outcomes, but research into exercise dose-response effects is limited.
    Methods: This study is a retrospective, secondary analysis of pooled data from three blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trials. Prenatal exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume (FITT-V) were assessed in supervised sessions throughout pregnancy. Gestational age (GA), neonatal resting heart rate (rHR), morphometrics (body circumferences, weight-to-length and ponderal index) Apgar and reflex scores, and placental measures were obtained at birth. Stepwise regressions and Pearson correlations determined associations between FITT-V and birth outcomes.
    Results: Prenatal exercise frequency reduces ponderal index (R
    Conclusions: Prenatal exercise is positively related to birth and placental outcomes in a dose-dependent manner.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Exercise/physiology ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Adult ; Gestational Age ; Infant, Newborn ; Retrospective Studies ; Birth Weight ; Placenta/physiology ; Prospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2104792-3
    ISSN 2472-1727
    ISSN (online) 2472-1727
    DOI 10.1002/bdr2.2340
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Heart Rate Variability Reflects Similar Cardiac Autonomic Function in Explosive and Aerobically Trained Athletes.

    Claiborne, Alex / Alessio, Helaine / Slattery, Eric / Hughes, Michael / Barth, Edwin / Cox, Ronald

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 20

    Abstract: Autonomic cardiac function can be indirectly detected non-invasively by measuring the variation in microtiming of heart beats by a method known as heart rate variability (HRV). Aerobic training for sport is associated with reduced risk for some factors ... ...

    Abstract Autonomic cardiac function can be indirectly detected non-invasively by measuring the variation in microtiming of heart beats by a method known as heart rate variability (HRV). Aerobic training for sport is associated with reduced risk for some factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but effects on autonomic function in different athlete types are less known. To compare cardiac autonomic modulation using a standard protocol and established CVD risk factors in highly trained intercollegiate athletes competing in aerobic, explosive, and cross-trained sports. A total of 176 college athletes were categorized in distinct sports as explosive (EA), aerobic (AA), or cross-trained (mixed) athletes. Eight different HRV measures obtained at rest were compared across training type and five health factors: systolic (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body weight (BW), sex, and race. All athletic types shared favorable HRV measures that correlated with low CVD risk factors and indicated normal sympathovagal balance. A significant correlation was reported between DBP and pNN50 (% RR intervals > 50 ms) (
    MeSH term(s) Athletes ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Explosive Agents ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Explosive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph182010669
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  10. Article ; Online: Differences in substrate metabolism between African American and Caucasian infants: evidence from mesenchymal stem cells.

    Jevtovic, Filip / Lopez, Christian A / Zheng, Donghai / Cortright, Ronald N / Biagioni, Ericka M / Claiborne, Alex / Isler, Christy / DeVente, James E / Houmard, Joseph A / May, Linda E / Broskey, Nicholas T

    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

    2023  Volume 134, Issue 5, Page(s) 1312–1320

    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in African American (AA) than Caucasian (C) adults. Furthermore, differential substrate utilization has been observed between AA and C adults, but data regarding metabolic differences between races at birth remains ... ...

    Abstract Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in African American (AA) than Caucasian (C) adults. Furthermore, differential substrate utilization has been observed between AA and C adults, but data regarding metabolic differences between races at birth remains scarce. The purpose of the present study was to determine if there are racial differences in substrate metabolism evident at birth using a mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) collected from offspring umbilical cords. Using radio-labeled tracers, MSCs from offspring of AA and C mothers were tested for glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the undifferentiated state and while undergoing myogenesis in vitro. Undifferentiated MSCs from AA exhibited greater partitioning of glucose toward nonoxidized glucose metabolites. In the myogenic state, AA displayed higher glucose oxidation, but similar fatty acid oxidation rates. In the presence of both glucose and palmitate, but not palmitate only, AA exhibit a higher rate of incomplete fatty acid oxidation evident by a greater production of acid-soluble metabolites. Myogenic differentiation of MSCs elicits an increase in glucose oxidation in AA, but not in C. Together, these data suggest that metabolic differences between AA and C races exist at birth.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Black or African American ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism ; White People
    Chemical Substances Fatty Acids ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 219139-8
    ISSN 1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    ISSN (online) 1522-1601
    ISSN 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00737.2022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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