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Article: ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING AND PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS OF THYROID LESIONS IN TWO SHORT-BEAKED ECHIDNAS (

Vaasjo, Emma / Clancy, Meredith M / Kinney, Matthew E / Hostnik, Eric T / Burns, Rachel E / Duncan, Mary / Hanley, Christopher S

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

2024 Volume 55, Issue 1, Page(s) 295–300

Abstract: Two zoo-maintained short-beaked echidnas ( ...

Abstract	Two zoo-maintained short-beaked echidnas (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Adenocarcinoma/veterinary ; Autopsy/veterinary ; Tachyglossidae/physiology ; Thyroiditis/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2174930-9
ISSN	1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
ISSN (online)	1937-2825
ISSN	1042-7260
DOI	10.1638/2023-0056
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Comparison of diagnostic predictors of neonatal survivability in nondomestic caprinae

Bliss, Taylor N. / Marinkovich, Matt J. / Burns, Rachel E. / Carroll, Cody / Clancy, Meredith M. / Howard, Lauren L.

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine. 2022 Mar. 11, v. 53, no. 1

2022

Abstract: This retrospective study evaluated whether six methods (glutamyltransferase, glutaraldehyde coagulation test, sodium sulfite precipitation test, total serum protein, glucose, and fibrinogen) used to assess passive transfer status in ruminants were ... ...

Abstract	This retrospective study evaluated whether six methods (glutamyltransferase, glutaraldehyde coagulation test, sodium sulfite precipitation test, total serum protein, glucose, and fibrinogen) used to assess passive transfer status in ruminants were predictive of survival of nondomestic Caprinae neonates in a zoological collection. A total of 184 neonates from 10 nondomestic Caprinae species had one or more testing methods performed within 7 d of birth. Results of each test were compared with the clinical condition (alive or dead) at 7, 30, and 90 d of age. Total protein (TP) results were not considered for statistical significance in this study. No statistical correlations between results of the serum gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), glutaraldehyde coagulation test, or sodium sulfite precipitation test (BOVA-S) and survival at any age were found. A higher glucose level within 7 d of birth was associated with a greater probability of survival. Fibrinogen levels were found to have a strong negative association with survival at 30 and 90 d. Increased glucose concentration was negatively associated with the probability of an infectious cause of mortality and the need for medical intervention. In contrast, increased fibrinogen levels were associated with higher probabilities of infectious death and the need for major medical care. Neonates who were confirmed to have nursed had a lower likelihood of requiring major medical intervention. These findings suggest that glucose and fibrinogen levels are better predictors of neonatal survival in nondomestic Caprinae when compared to the other three tests reviewed in this study. Using survival as an indicator of adequate passive transfer in this group of neonates failed to identify a gold standard of diagnosis of failure of passive transfer, so more than one diagnostic test should be utilized.
Keywords	blood serum ; coagulation ; death ; fibrinogen ; gamma-glutamyltransferase ; glucose ; glutaraldehyde ; medical treatment ; medicine ; mortality ; probability ; protein content ; retrospective studies ; sodium sulfite ; wildlife ; zoos
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0311
Size	p. 31-40.
Publishing place	American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2174930-9
ISSN	1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
ISSN (online)	1937-2825
ISSN	1042-7260
DOI	10.1638/2020-0064
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: COMPARISON OF DIAGNOSTIC PREDICTORS OF NEONATAL SURVIVABILITY IN NONDOMESTIC CAPRINAE.

Bliss, Taylor N / Marinkovich, Matt J / Burns, Rachel E / Carroll, Cody / Clancy, Meredith M / Howard, Lauren L

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

2022 Volume 53, Issue 1, Page(s) 31–40

Abstract	This retrospective study evaluated whether six methods (glutamyltransferase, glutaraldehyde coagulation test, sodium sulfite precipitation test, total serum protein, glucose, and fibrinogen) used to assess passive transfer status in ruminants were predictive of survival of nondomestic Caprinae neonates in a zoological collection. A total of 184 neonates from 10 nondomestic Caprinae species had one or more testing methods performed within 7 d of birth. Results of each test were compared with the clinical condition (alive or dead) at 7, 30, and 90 d of age. Total protein (TP) results were not considered for statistical significance in this study. No statistical correlations between results of the serum gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), glutaraldehyde coagulation test, or sodium sulfite precipitation test (BOVA-S) and survival at any age were found. A higher glucose level within 7 d of birth was associated with a greater probability of survival. Fibrinogen levels were found to have a strong negative association with survival at 30 and 90 d. Increased glucose concentration was negatively associated with the probability of an infectious cause of mortality and the need for medical intervention. In contrast, increased fibrinogen levels were associated with higher probabilities of infectious death and the need for major medical care. Neonates who were confirmed to have nursed had a lower likelihood of requiring major medical intervention. These findings suggest that glucose and fibrinogen levels are better predictors of neonatal survival in nondomestic Caprinae when compared to the other three tests reviewed in this study. Using survival as an indicator of adequate passive transfer in this group of neonates failed to identify a gold standard of diagnosis of failure of passive transfer, so more than one diagnostic test should be utilized.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Glutaral ; Retrospective Studies ; Ruminants ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase
Chemical Substances	gamma-Glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) ; Glutaral (T3C89M417N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2174930-9
ISSN	1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
ISSN (online)	1937-2825
ISSN	1042-7260
DOI	10.1638/2020-0064
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Retrospective evaluation of the use of parenteral nutrition in hospitalized nondomestic ruminants

Mulreany, Lauren M / Kinney, Matthew E / Clancy, Meredith M / Lamberski, Nadine / Werre, Stephen R

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine. 2020 Jan. 9, v. 50, no. 4

2020

Abstract: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is one method of providing nutrient support to hospitalized, nondomestic ruminants that have a decreased appetite in hospital or have high metabolic demands caused by illness. There are a limited number of published reports of ... ...

Abstract	Parenteral nutrition (PN) is one method of providing nutrient support to hospitalized, nondomestic ruminants that have a decreased appetite in hospital or have high metabolic demands caused by illness. There are a limited number of published reports of the use of PN in nondomestic ruminants. A retrospective evaluation of PN use in adult (>6 mo of age) hospitalized ruminants at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park was conducted from 2014 to 2018 (n = 24). Discharge rate for animals that received PN was 34%. Poor survival was likely caused by case selection of animals that had severe disease or malnutrition necessitating the need for PN. Common metabolic changes among the study animals included the following: hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperphosphatemia or hypophosphatemia. Bivariable analysis revealed no clinically significant factors that influenced odds of survival. There was little evidence of adverse effects with the administration of PN during the study period. Parenteral nutrition requires specialized equipment and technical skills, but is a viable means of nutrient support for hospitalized nondomestic ruminants.
Keywords	adults ; adverse effects ; appetite ; disease severity ; equipment ; hospitals ; hyperglycemia ; hypokalemia ; malnutrition ; parenteral feeding ; retrospective studies ; ruminants ; zoo animals
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0109
Size	p. 853-860.
Publishing place	American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2174930-9
ISSN	1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
ISSN (online)	1937-2825
ISSN	1042-7260
DOI	10.1638/2019-0034
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE USE OF PARENTERAL NUTRITION IN HOSPITALIZED NONDOMESTIC RUMINANTS.

Mulreany, Lauren M / Kinney, Matthew E / Clancy, Meredith M / Lamberski, Nadine / Werre, Stephen R

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

2020 Volume 50, Issue 4, Page(s) 853–860

Abstract	Parenteral nutrition (PN) is one method of providing nutrient support to hospitalized, nondomestic ruminants that have a decreased appetite in hospital or have high metabolic demands caused by illness. There are a limited number of published reports of the use of PN in nondomestic ruminants. A retrospective evaluation of PN use in adult (>6 mo of age) hospitalized ruminants at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park was conducted from 2014 to 2018 (
MeSH term(s)	Animal Diseases/mortality ; Animal Diseases/therapy ; Animals ; Animals, Zoo ; Female ; Male ; Parenteral Nutrition/veterinary ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Ruminants ; Species Specificity
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2174930-9
ISSN	1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
ISSN (online)	1937-2825
ISSN	1042-7260
DOI	10.1638/2019-0034
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Pharmacokinetics of intravenous propofol in southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) after intramuscular etorphine-butorphanol-medetomidine-azaperone.

Berlin, Erin R / Kinney, Matthew E / Howard, Lauren L / Perrin, Kathryn L / Phair, Kristen A / Clancy, Meredith M / Ferris, Rachel L / Knych, Heather K / Mama, Khursheed R

American journal of veterinary research

2023 Volume 84, Issue 4

Abstract: Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics of a single bolus of intravenous (IV) propofol after intramuscular administration of etorphine, butorphanol, medetomidine, and azaperone in 5 southern white rhinoceros to facilitate reproductive evaluations. ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics of a single bolus of intravenous (IV) propofol after intramuscular administration of etorphine, butorphanol, medetomidine, and azaperone in 5 southern white rhinoceros to facilitate reproductive evaluations. A specific consideration was whether propofol would facilitate timely orotracheal intubation. Animals: 5 adult, female, zoo-maintained southern white rhinoceros. Procedures: Rhinoceros were administered etorphine (0.002 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 to 0.026 mg/kg), medetomidine (0.023 to 0.025 mg/kg), and azaperone (0.014 to 0.017 mg/kg) intramuscularly (IM) prior to an IV dose of propofol (0.5 mg/kg). Physiologic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and capnography), timed parameters (eg, time to initial effects and intubation), and quality of induction and intubation were recorded following drug administration. Venous blood was collected for analysis of plasma propofol concentrations using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry at various time points after propofol administration. Results: All animals were approachable following IM drug administration, and orotracheal intubation was achieved at 9.8 ± 2.0 minutes (mean ±SD) following propofol administration. The mean clearance for propofol was 14.2 ± 7.7 ml/min/kg, the mean terminal half-life was 82.4 ± 74.4 minutes, and the maximum concentration occurred at 2.8 ± 2.9 minutes. Two of 5 rhinoceros experienced apnea after propofol administration. Initial hypertension, which improved without intervention, was observed. Clinical relevance: This study provides pharmacokinetic data and insight into the effects of propofol in rhinoceros anesthetized using etorphine, butorphanol, medetomidine, and azaperone. While apnea was observed in 2 rhinoceros, propofol administration allowed for rapid control of the airway and facilitated oxygen administration and ventilatory support.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Animals ; Etorphine/pharmacology ; Butorphanol ; Azaperone/pharmacology ; Propofol ; Medetomidine/pharmacology ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology ; Apnea/drug therapy ; Apnea/veterinary ; Perissodactyla/physiology
Chemical Substances	Etorphine (42M2Y6NU9O) ; Butorphanol (QV897JC36D) ; Azaperone (19BV78AK7W) ; Propofol (YI7VU623SF) ; Medetomidine (MR15E85MQM) ; Hypnotics and Sedatives
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390796-x
ISSN	1943-5681 ; 0002-9645
ISSN (online)	1943-5681
ISSN	0002-9645
DOI	10.2460/ajvr.22.12.0224
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 422: Show issues

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Article: MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOMYELITIS CAUSED BY SALMONELLA ENTERICA SUBSP. HOUTENAE IN A TAYLOR'S CANTIL (AGKISTRODON BILINEATUS TAYLORI) USING AMIKACIN DELIVERED VIA OSMOTIC PUMP.

Clancy, Meredith M / Newton, Alisa L / Sykes, John M

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

2016 Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 691–694

Abstract: An adult female Taylor's cantil (Agkistrodon bilineatus taylori) presented with marked spinal and mandibular osteomyelitis that cultured positive for Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae, serovar IV 43:z4,z32:-. Progression of osteomyelitis was arrested ... ...

Abstract	An adult female Taylor's cantil (Agkistrodon bilineatus taylori) presented with marked spinal and mandibular osteomyelitis that cultured positive for Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae, serovar IV 43:z4,z32:-. Progression of osteomyelitis was arrested by treatment using amikacin (0.026 mg/kg per hour) delivered via subcutaneous osmotic pump for 10 mo, replacing the pump every 4 wk. No adverse effects on renal function were appreciated throughout the course of therapy. Amikacin therapy was discontinued after improvement with treatment, but 5 mo later, bony lesions worsened, and an additional abscess formed at the previous pump site. The animal's condition declined and euthanasia was elected. Postmortem examination confirmed marked osteomyelitis with Salmonella infection of same serovar as the initial biopsy. This report highlights the pathogenicity of the S. enterica subsp. houtenae serovar and the ability to deliver effective amikacin dosage via osmotic pump to arrest osteomyelitis due to salmonellosis in a venomous snake.
MeSH term(s)	Agkistrodon ; Amikacin/administration & dosage ; Amikacin/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Infusion Pumps ; Osteomyelitis/drug therapy ; Osteomyelitis/microbiology ; Osteomyelitis/veterinary ; Radiography ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/drug therapy ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology ; Salmonella enterica ; Spine/diagnostic imaging ; Spine/pathology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Amikacin (84319SGC3C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2174930-9
ISSN	1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
ISSN (online)	1937-2825
ISSN	1042-7260
DOI	10.1638/2015-0207.1
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A comparison of a single-dart versus staged two-dart anesthesia induction protocol in przewalski's horses (equus ferus przewalskii)

Ellis, Jayne S / Mama, Khursheed R / Rao, Sangeeta / Sadler, Ryan A / Marinkovich, Matt / Clancy, Meredith M / Howard, Lauren L / Lamberski, Nadine / Kinney, Matthew E

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine. 2021 June 11, v. 52, no. 2

2021

Abstract: Przewalski's horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) are an endangered equid species. Anesthesia administered by remote delivery is often needed to provide medical care. Behavioral and physiologic parameters were prospectively compared in 14 horses (8 females ... ...

Abstract	Przewalski's horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) are an endangered equid species. Anesthesia administered by remote delivery is often needed to provide medical care. Behavioral and physiologic parameters were prospectively compared in 14 horses (8 females and 6 males, 3–18 yr) after a single-dart or staged two-dart anesthesia induction protocol with intramuscular medetomidine (0.06 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg), thiafentanil (0.02 mg/kg), and ketamine (1 mg/kg). Seven horses were randomly assigned to receive all drugs in a single dart, and the other seven to receive medetomidine and butorphanol 10 min prior to thiafentanil and ketamine in a second dart. Induction and recovery quality were scored on a scale from 1 to 5 (worst to best), and video recordings were assessed for frequency of specific behaviors. Need for supplemental propofol was recorded. Median induction score was significantly better (P = 0.01) after two darts (4/5) compared to a single dart (3/5). Degree of muscle fasciculation (undesirable) during induction was significantly lower (P= 0.006) with the two-dart protocol. During the transition to recumbency, 71% versus 14% of horses transitioned headfirst (undesirable) after a single dart versus two darts, respectively (P= 0.07). Supplemental propofol administration was necessary in 43% of horses after two darts and in 100% of horses after a single dart (P= 0.10) to facilitate intubation and reach a working depth of anesthesia. Physiologic and recovery parameters were not significantly different between groups. Improved induction quality was observed clinically using a staged two-dart versus a single-dart protocol and should be considered when anesthetizing captive Przewalski's horses using this drug combination.
Keywords	Equus przewalskii ; butorphanol ; depth of anesthesia ; ketamine ; medetomidine ; medicine ; muscles ; wildlife ; zoos
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0611
Size	p. 453-459.
Publishing place	American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2174930-9
ISSN	1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
ISSN (online)	1937-2825
ISSN	1042-7260
DOI	10.1638/2020-0133
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Overwinter behavior, movement, and survival in a recently reintroduced, endangered amphibian, Rana muscosa

Hammond, Talisin T. / Curtis, Michelle J. / Jacobs, Leah E. / Gaffney, Patricia M. / Clancy, Meredith M. / Swaisgood, Ronald R. / Shier, Debra M.

Journal for nature conservation. 2021 Dec., v. 64

2021

Abstract: Basic natural history information is critical for species conservation but is often deficient for endangered species, which can be rare and difficult to study. This is particularly true for behavior and natural history during the winter in temperate ... ...

Abstract	Basic natural history information is critical for species conservation but is often deficient for endangered species, which can be rare and difficult to study. This is particularly true for behavior and natural history during the winter in temperate regions, when site access can be challenging. For translocation programs in temperate regions, however, winter may be a critical time to assess movement, survival, and threats to persistence in order to understand the causes of translocation failures. Using radiotelemetry, we monitored movement from fall through spring in reintroduced, ex situ bred individuals (N = 21) of the endangered mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa) to characterize behavior during brumation (overwinter dormancy), overwinter infection prevalence of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and survival. We found that movement rates were variable but low in comparison to other sites. Frogs moved more in the fall when temperatures were warmer in comparison to the winter and spring. However, some frogs still moved (very small distances) even when water temperatures were below 2 °C and snow covered the ground. Frogs were difficult to detect visually, but were almost always in water, including during brumation, when they usually appeared to be in underwater rock caves and crevices in pool habitat. Frogs appeared to be spatially clustered in 3–5 groups throughout the study period and those within a group were often located <1 m from one another. Overwinter survival rates were low: over 70% of animals were confirmed dead, and all were suspected dead by mid-May. While sample size was limited, Bd prevalence and infection intensity increased during the winter and spring, which may have contributed to mortality rates. This study sheds light on a poorly understood life history phase for an endangered amphibian and will inform future management activities to protect this species.
Keywords	Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ; Rana ; dormancy ; endangered species ; frogs ; fungi ; habitats ; hibernation ; life history ; natural history ; natural resources conservation ; pathogens ; radio telemetry ; sample size ; snow ; spring ; winter
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2077553-2
ISSN	1618-1093 ; 1617-1381
ISSN (online)	1618-1093
ISSN	1617-1381
DOI	10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126086
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol delivered with an osmotic pump during a seven-day period in common peafowl (Pavo cristatus).

Clancy, Meredith M / KuKanich, Butch / Sykes, John M

American journal of veterinary research

2015 Volume 76, Issue 12, Page(s) 1070–1076

Abstract: Objective: To determine pharmacokinetics of butorphanol delivered via osmotic pumps in common peafowl (Pavo cristatus) as a method for analgesic administration to avian species.: Animals: 14 healthy adult male common peafowl.: Procedures: A ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine pharmacokinetics of butorphanol delivered via osmotic pumps in common peafowl (Pavo cristatus) as a method for analgesic administration to avian species. Animals: 14 healthy adult male common peafowl. Procedures: A preliminary experiment was conducted with 2 birds to establish time point and concentration requirements. Then, the remaining 12 birds were anesthetized, and 2 osmotic pumps containing butorphanol (volume, 2 mL; mean dosage, 247 μg/kg/h) were implanted subcutaneously in each bird for 7 days prior to removal. Blood samples were collected before pump implantation (time 0); 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after pump implantation; and 3 and 6 hours after pump removal. Plasma butorphanol concentrations were measured via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Plasma concentrations peaked (mean, 106.4 μg/L; range, 61.8 to 133.0 μg/L) at a mean of 39.0 hours, with no evidence of sedation in any bird. After pump removal, butorphanol was rapidly eliminated (half-life, 1.45 hours; range, 1.31 to 1.64 hours; n = 5). Mean clearance per fraction of dose absorbed was 2.89 L/kg/h (range, 2.00 to 5.55 L/kg/h). Mean amount of time the plasma butorphanol concentration was ≥ 60 μg/L was 85.6 hours (range, 3.5 to 155.3 hours). Conclusions and clinical relevance: Plasma concentrations of butorphanol in common peafowl were maintained at or above reported efficacious analgesic concentrations. This study established a method for administering analgesics to avian patients without the need for frequent handling or injections. Use of these osmotic pumps may provide options for avian analgesia.
MeSH term(s)	Analgesia ; Analgesics/administration & dosage ; Analgesics/blood ; Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage ; Analgesics, Opioid/blood ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Butorphanol/administration & dosage ; Butorphanol/blood ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Galliformes ; Half-Life ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Osmosis ; Pain ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Butorphanol (QV897JC36D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390796-x
ISSN	1943-5681 ; 0002-9645
ISSN (online)	1943-5681
ISSN	0002-9645
DOI	10.2460/ajvr.76.12.1070
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 422: Show issues

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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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