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  1. Article ; Online: AI and professional liability assessment in healthcare. A revolution in legal medicine?

    Claudio Terranova / Clara Cestonaro / Ludovico Fava / Alessandro Cinquetti

    Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

    2024  Volume 10

    Abstract: The adoption of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems in healthcare is transforming the healthcare-delivery landscape. Artificial intelligence may enhance patient safety and improve healthcare outcomes, but it presents notable ethical and legal ... ...

    Abstract The adoption of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems in healthcare is transforming the healthcare-delivery landscape. Artificial intelligence may enhance patient safety and improve healthcare outcomes, but it presents notable ethical and legal dilemmas. Moreover, as AI streamlines the analysis of the multitude of factors relevant to malpractice claims, including informed consent, adherence to standards of care, and causation, the evaluation of professional liability might also benefit from its use. Beginning with an analysis of the basic steps in assessing professional liability, this article examines the potential new medical-legal issues that an expert witness may encounter when analyzing malpractice cases and the potential integration of AI in this context. These changes related to the use of integrated AI, will necessitate efforts on the part of judges, experts, and clinicians, and may require new legislative regulations. A new expert witness will be likely necessary in the evaluation of professional liability cases. On the one hand, artificial intelligence will support the expert witness; however, on the other hand, it will introduce specific elements into the activities of healthcare workers. These elements will necessitate an expert witness with a specialized cultural background. Examining the steps of professional liability assessment indicates that the likely path for AI in legal medicine involves its role as a collaborative and integrated tool. The combination of AI with human judgment in these assessments can enhance comprehensiveness and fairness. However, it is imperative to adopt a cautious and balanced approach to prevent complete automation in this field.
    Keywords artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; legal medicine ; professional liability ; tort law ; causal relationship ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 340
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Infant exposure to drugs of abuse investigated by hair analysis.

    Clara, Cestonaro / Claudio, Terranova / Alessandro, Cinquetti / Alessia, Russo / Anna, Aprile / Donata, Favretto

    Drug testing and analysis

    2024  

    Abstract: Infant exposure to drugs of abuse represents a worldwide problem whose extent is difficult to estimate. Despite the potentially serious health consequences, few data concerning exposure in children under 1 year of age are available. Since in clinical and ...

    Abstract Infant exposure to drugs of abuse represents a worldwide problem whose extent is difficult to estimate. Despite the potentially serious health consequences, few data concerning exposure in children under 1 year of age are available. Since in clinical and forensic settings, neonatal and infant hair testing represents a useful method for investigating suspected drug exposures, an observational retrospective study was performed on hair analysis of children under 1 year of age evaluated at the University Hospital of Padova between 2018 and 2022 with the aim of estimate the extent and define the characteristics of this phenomenon in the reference setting. The sample included 102 infants. Chemical-toxicological analyses were requested in 38 cases (37.3%) because of clinically suspicious symptoms of the child (e.g., neuropsychiatric symptoms and suspected neonatal abstinence syndrome) and in 64 cases (62.7%) because of other reasons (e.g., maternal drug history, at-risk environment, and suspected maltreatment). Based on the presence or absence of symptoms in the request, the sample was subdivided into two groups. Hair analysis in these two showed the presence of drug of abuse, respectively, in 44.7% and 67.2% of the cases (p = 0.026). Cocaine was the most frequently detected substance, followed by opiates, and it was detected less frequently in cases investigated for suspicious clinical symptoms (p < 0.05). The results confirm the difficulties in interpreting the clinical picture and in defining the extent of exposure to drugs of abuse. An integrated assessment is fundamental to interpret the case and achieve adequate care of the child.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2462336-2
    ISSN 1942-7611 ; 1942-7603
    ISSN (online) 1942-7611
    ISSN 1942-7603
    DOI 10.1002/dta.3674
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Pharmacological Abortion in a Pandemic

    Clara Cestonaro / Anna Aprile / Matteo Bolcato / Daniele Rodriguez / Alessandro Feola / Giulio Di Mizio

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12043, p

    An Italian Medico-Legal Perspective

    2021  Volume 12043

    Abstract: The limitations caused by the spread of the SARS-CoV2 virus have had repercussions on the voluntary termination of pregnancy. During the pandemic, Italy issued updated guidelines regarding voluntary termination of pregnancy by means of mifepristone and ... ...

    Abstract The limitations caused by the spread of the SARS-CoV2 virus have had repercussions on the voluntary termination of pregnancy. During the pandemic, Italy issued updated guidelines regarding voluntary termination of pregnancy by means of mifepristone and prostaglandin. This included news concerning the time limit and location in which this procedure could be accessed: updates partially recognize women’s needs, and they are into line with the European parliament’s recent exhortations. However, these updates do not change the previously provided responsibilities that lie with doctors. This article aimed to compare regulations concerning medical abortion in Italy and other countries, with a focus on recent Italian updates in the context of pandemic.
    Keywords abortion ; RU486 ; mifepristone ; pandemic ; COVID-19 ; legal medicine ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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