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Article ; Online: Cross-validation of standardisation techniques at ANSTO using cobalt-60 and learnings from the presence and identification of non-gamma-ray emitting impurities.

van Wyngaardt, W M / Bowan, A H H / Clark, E L / Keevers, C M B / Smith, M L / Zarifi, M / Stopic, A

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine

2023 Volume 201, Page(s) 111027

Abstract: To fulfil the technical requirements for accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025, the end-to-end validation of all processes associated with ... ...

Abstract	To fulfil the technical requirements for accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025, the end-to-end validation of all processes associated with standardising
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1142596-9
ISSN	1872-9800 ; 0883-2889 ; 0969-8043
ISSN (online)	1872-9800
ISSN	0883-2889 ; 0969-8043
DOI	10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111027
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Article: Microscopic studies on the regeneration of medullated nerves in the living mammal.

CLARK, E R / CLARK, E L

The American journal of anatomy

2010 Volume 81, Issue 2, Page(s) 233–268

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mammals ; Myelin Sheath ; Nerve Degeneration ; Regeneration
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-02-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2933-6
ISSN	0002-9106
ISSN	0002-9106
DOI	10.1002/aja.1000810204
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Article ; Online: The legacy of attack: implications of high phloem resin monoterpene levels in lodgepole pines following mass attack by mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins.

Clark, E L / Huber, D P W / Carroll, A L

Environmental entomology

2012 Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 392–398

Abstract: The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is the most serious pest of pines (Pinus) in western North America. Host pines protect themselves from attack by producing a complex mixture of terpenes in their resin. We sampled lodgepole pine ( ...

Abstract	The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is the most serious pest of pines (Pinus) in western North America. Host pines protect themselves from attack by producing a complex mixture of terpenes in their resin. We sampled lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta variety latifolia) phloem resin at four widely separated locations in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, both just before (beginning of July) and substantially after (end of August) the mountain pine beetle dispersal period. The sampled trees then were observed the next spring for evidence of survival, and the levels of seven resin monoterpenes were compared between July and August samples. Trees that did not survive consistently had significantly higher phloem resin monoterpene levels at the end of August compared with levels in July. Trees that did survive mainly did not exhibit a significant difference between the two sample dates. The accumulation of copious defense-related secondary metabolites in the resin of mountain pine beetle-killed lodgepole pine has important implications for describing the environmental niche that the beetle offspring survive in as well as that of parasitoids, predators, and other associates.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Monoterpenes/metabolism ; Phloem/chemistry ; Pinus/metabolism ; Resins, Plant/metabolism ; Weevils/physiology
Chemical Substances	Monoterpenes ; Resins, Plant
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120799-4
ISSN	1938-2936 ; 0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
ISSN (online)	1938-2936
ISSN	0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
DOI	10.1603/EN11295
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Article ; Online: The importance of the laser pulse-ablator interaction dynamics prior to the ablation plasma phase in inertial confinement fusion studies.

Kaselouris, E / Fitilis, I / Skoulakis, A / Orphanos, Y / Koundourakis, G / Clark, E L / Chatzakis, J / Bakarezos, Μ / Papadogiannis, N A / Dimitriou, V / Tatarakis, M

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

2020 Volume 378, Issue 2184, Page(s) 20200030

Abstract: This work presents studies which demonstrate the importance of the very early heating dynamics of the ablator long before the ablation plasma phase begins in laser driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) studies. For the direct-drive fusion concept ... ...

Abstract	This work presents studies which demonstrate the importance of the very early heating dynamics of the ablator long before the ablation plasma phase begins in laser driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) studies. For the direct-drive fusion concept using lasers, the development of perturbations during the thermo-elasto-plastic (TEP) and melting phases of the interaction of the laser pulse with the ablator's surface may act as seeding to the subsequent growth of hydro-dynamic instabilities apparent during the acceleration phase of the interaction such as for instance the Rayleigh-Taylor and the Richtmyer-Meshkov, which strongly affect the implosion dynamics of the compression phase. The multiphysics-multiphase finite-element method (FEM) simulation results are experimentally validated by advanced three-dimensional whole-field dynamic imaging of the surface of the ablator allowing for a transverse to the surface spatial resolution of only approximately 1 nm. The study shows that the TEP and melting phases of the interaction are of crucial importance since transverse perturbations of the ablator's surface can reach tens of nanometres in amplitude within the TEP and melting phases. Such perturbations are of Rayleigh type and are transferred from the ablator to the substrate from the very first moments of the interaction. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 1)'.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208381-4
ISSN	1471-2962 ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
ISSN (online)	1471-2962
ISSN	0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
DOI	10.1098/rsta.2020.0030
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Article ; Online: Note: A novel trigger generator for a pseudospark switch.

Chatzakis, J / Hassan, S M / Clark, E L / Lee, P / Tatarakis, M

The Review of scientific instruments

2015 Volume 86, Issue 1, Page(s) 16108

Abstract: A novel trigger generator for operating a pseudospark switch has been developed based on a series connection of several insulated gate bipolar transistors. The trigger generator can be operated in single shot mode up to a repetition rate of 1 kHz. It is ... ...

Abstract	A novel trigger generator for operating a pseudospark switch has been developed based on a series connection of several insulated gate bipolar transistors. The trigger generator can be operated in single shot mode up to a repetition rate of 1 kHz. It is characterized by a fast rise time and low jitter between the output trigger pulses of less than 1 ns. It produces 3 kV, 1 μs pulses into a 50 Ω load that can trigger a pseudospark switch. By eliminating bulkier, slower high voltage components, the overall volume of the trigger generator is reduced. This allows for faster, high voltage switching to take place and thereby increasing the power density of the unit. Using this pseudospark trigger generator, it is possible to trigger single or multiple pseudospark gaps without the requirement to use a pulse shaping circuit.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209865-9
ISSN	1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
ISSN (online)	1089-7623
ISSN	0034-6748
DOI	10.1063/1.4905432
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Article: The Legacy of Attack: Implications of High Phloem Resin Monoterpene Levels in Lodgepole Pines Following Mass Attack by Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins

Clark, E. L. / Huber, D. P. W. / Carroll, A. L.

Environmental entomology

2012 Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 392

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	120799-4
ISSN	0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: How conserved are the bacterial communities associated with aphids? A detailed assessment of the Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) using 16S rDNA.

Clark, E L / Daniell, T J / Wishart, J / Hubbard, S F / Karley, A J

Environmental entomology

2012 Volume 41, Issue 6, Page(s) 1386–1397

Abstract: Aphids harbor a community of bacteria that include obligate and facultative endosymbionts belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae along with opportunistic, commensal, or pathogenic bacteria. This study represents the first detailed analysis of the identity ... ...

Abstract	Aphids harbor a community of bacteria that include obligate and facultative endosymbionts belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae along with opportunistic, commensal, or pathogenic bacteria. This study represents the first detailed analysis of the identity and diversity of the bacterial community associated with the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.). 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the community of bacteria associated with B. brassicae was diverse, with at least four different bacterial community types detected among aphid lines, collected from widely dispersed sites in Northern Britain. The bacterial sequence types isolated from B. brassicae showed little similarity to any bacterial endosymbionts characterized in insects; instead, they were closely related to free-living extracellular bacterial species that have been isolated from the aphid gut or that are known to be present in the environment, suggesting that they are opportunistic bacteria transmitted between the aphid gut and the environment. To quantify variation in bacterial community between aphid lines, which was driven largely by differences in the proportions of two dominant bacterial orders, the Pseudomonales and the Enterobacteriales, we developed a novel real-time (Taqman) qPCR assay. By improving our knowledge of aphid microbial ecology, and providing novel molecular tools to examine the presence and function of the microbial community, this study forms the basis of further research to explore the influence of the extracellular bacterial community on aphid fitness, pest status, and susceptibility to control by natural enemies.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Aphids/microbiology ; Biodiversity ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry ; DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry ; Enterobacteriaceae/classification ; Enterobacteriaceae/genetics ; Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification ; Likelihood Functions ; Phylogeny ; Pseudomonas/classification ; Pseudomonas/genetics ; Pseudomonas/isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial ; DNA, Ribosomal
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120799-4
ISSN	1938-2936 ; 0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
ISSN (online)	1938-2936
ISSN	0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
DOI	10.1603/EN12152
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Article ; Online: Whole-genome sequence data suggests environmental adaptation of Ethiopian sheep populations

Wiener, P. / Robert, C. / Ahbara, A. / Salavati, M. / Abebe, A. / Kebede, Adebabay / Wragg, D. / Friedrich, J. / Vasoya, D. / Hume, D.A. / Djikeng, Appolinaire / Watson, M. / Prendergast, James G.D. / Hanotte, Olivier H. / Mwacharo, Joram M. / Clark, E.L.

Genome Biology and Evolution

2021

Abstract: Great progress has been made over recent years in the identification of selection signatures in the genomes of livestock species. This work has primarily been carried out in commercial breeds for which the dominant selection pressures are associated with ...

Abstract	Great progress has been made over recent years in the identification of selection signatures in the genomes of livestock species. This work has primarily been carried out in commercial breeds for which the dominant selection pressures are associated with artificial selection. As agriculture and food security are likely to be strongly affected by climate change, a better understanding of environment-imposed selection on agricultural species is warranted. Ethiopia is an ideal setting to investigate environmental adaptation in livestock due to its wide variation in geo-climatic characteristics and the extensive genetic and phenotypic variation of its livestock. Here, we identified over three million single nucleotide variants across 12 Ethiopian sheep populations and applied landscape genomics approaches to investigate the association between these variants and environmental variables. Our results suggest that environmental adaptation for precipitation-related variables is stronger than that related to altitude or temperature, consistent with large-scale meta-analyses of selection pressure across species. The set of genes showing association with environmental variables was enriched for genes highly expressed in human blood and nerve tissues. There was also evidence of enrichment for genes associated with high-altitude adaptation although no strong association was identified with hypoxia-inducible-factor (HIF) genes. One of the strongest altitude-related signals was for a collagen gene, consistent with previous studies of high-altitude adaptation. Several altitude-associated genes also showed evidence of adaptation with temperature, suggesting a relationship between responses to these environmental factors. These results provide a foundation to investigate further the effects of climatic variables on small ruminant populations.
Keywords	animal genetics ; genetics ; animal breeding ; sheep ; small ruminants
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-29T16:56:23Z
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The influence of the solid to plasma phase transition on the generation of plasma instabilities.

Kaselouris, E / Dimitriou, V / Fitilis, I / Skoulakis, A / Koundourakis, G / Clark, E L / Bakarezos, Μ / Nikolos, I K / Papadogiannis, N A / Tatarakis, M

Nature communications

2017 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 1713

Abstract: The study of plasma instabilities is a research topic with fundamental importance since for the majority of plasma applications they are unwanted and there is always the need for their suppression. The initiating physical processes that seed the ... ...

Abstract	The study of plasma instabilities is a research topic with fundamental importance since for the majority of plasma applications they are unwanted and there is always the need for their suppression. The initiating physical processes that seed the generation of plasma instabilities are not well understood in all plasma geometries and initial states of matter. For most plasma instability studies, using linear or even nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) theory, the most crucial step is to correctly choose the initial perturbations imposed either by a predefined perturbation, usually sinusoidal, or by randomly seed perturbations as initial conditions. Here, we demonstrate that the efficient study of the seeding mechanisms of plasma instabilities requires the incorporation of the intrinsic real physical characteristics of the solid target in an electro-thermo-mechanical multiphysics study. The present proof-of-principle study offers a perspective to the understanding of the seeding physical mechanisms in the generation of plasma instabilities.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-017-02000-6
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Article ; Online: The genomic architecture of mastitis resistance in dairy sheep.

Banos, G / Bramis, G / Bush, S J / Clark, E L / McCulloch, M E B / Smith, J / Schulze, G / Arsenos, G / Hume, D A / Psifidi, A

BMC genomics

2017 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 624

Abstract: Background: Mastitis is the most prevalent disease in dairy sheep with major economic, hygienic and welfare implications. The disease persists in all dairy sheep production systems despite the implementation of improved management practises. Selective ... ...

Abstract	Background: Mastitis is the most prevalent disease in dairy sheep with major economic, hygienic and welfare implications. The disease persists in all dairy sheep production systems despite the implementation of improved management practises. Selective breeding for enhanced mastitis resistance may provide the means to further control the disease. In the present study, we investigated the genetic architecture of four mastitis traits in dairy sheep. Individual animal records for clinical mastitis occurrence and three mastitis indicator traits (milk somatic cell count, total viable bacterial count in milk and the California mastitis test) were collected monthly throughout lactation for 609 ewes of the Greek Chios breed. All animals were genotyped with a custom-made 960-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA array based on markers located in quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for mastitis resistance previously detected in three other distinct dairy sheep populations. Results: Heritable variation and strong positive genetic correlations were estimated for clinical mastitis occurrence and the three mastitis indicator traits. SNP markers significantly associated with these mastitis traits were confirmed on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 16 and 19. We identified pathways, molecular interaction networks and functional gene clusters for mastitis resistance. Candidate genes within the detected regions were identified based upon analysis of an ovine transcriptional atlas and transcriptome data derived from milk somatic cells. Relevant candidate genes implicated in innate immunity included SOCS2, CTLA4, C6, C7, C9, PTGER4, DAB2, CARD6, OSMR, PLXNC1, IDH1, ICOS, FYB, and LYFR. Conclusions: The results confirmed the presence of animal genetic variability in mastitis resistance and identified genomic regions associated with specific mastitis traits in the Chios sheep. The conserved genetic architecture of mastitis resistance between distinct dairy sheep breeds suggests that across-breed selection programmes would be feasible.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cluster Analysis ; Dairying ; Disease Resistance/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Genomics ; Mastitis/immunology ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Principal Component Analysis ; Sheep/genetics ; Sheep/immunology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Genetic Markers ; Transcription Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2164
ISSN (online)	1471-2164
DOI	10.1186/s12864-017-3982-1
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