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  1. Article ; Online: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of Aleutian disease caused by Aleutian mink disease virus: A literature review with a perspective of genomic breeding for disease control in American mink (Neogale vison).

    Vahedi, Seyed Milad / Salek Ardestani, Siavash / Banabazi, Mohammad Hossein / Clark, Fraser

    Virus research

    2023  Volume 336, Page(s) 199208

    Abstract: Aleutian disease (AD) is a multi-systemic infectious disease in American mink (Neogale vison) caused by the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV). Commonly referred to as mink plasmacytosis, AD is an economically significant disease in mink-breeding ... ...

    Abstract Aleutian disease (AD) is a multi-systemic infectious disease in American mink (Neogale vison) caused by the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV). Commonly referred to as mink plasmacytosis, AD is an economically significant disease in mink-breeding countries. Aleutian disease mainly induces weight loss, lower fertility, and dropped pelt quality in adults and can result in acute interstitial pneumonia with high mortality rates in kits. In this review, we employed the scientific literature on AD over the last 70 years to discuss the historical and contemporary status of AD outbreaks and seroprevalence in mink farming countries. We also explained different forms of AD and the differences between the pathogenicity of the virus in kits and adults. The application of the available AD serological tests in AD control strategies was argued. We explained how selection programs could help AD control and proposed different approaches to selecting animals for building AD-tolerant herds. The advantages of genomic selection for AD tolerance over traditional breeding strategies were discussed in detail. We also explained how genomic selection could help AD control by selecting tolerant animals for the next generation based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data and the challenges of implementing genomic selection for AD tolerance in the mink industry. This review collected the information required for designing successful breeding programs for AD tolerance. Examples of the application of information are presented, and data gaps are highlighted. We showed that AD tolerance is necessary to be among the traits that animals are selected for in the mink industry.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 605780-9
    ISSN 1872-7492 ; 0168-1702
    ISSN (online) 1872-7492
    ISSN 0168-1702
    DOI 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199208
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  2. Article ; Online: Size and site specific transcriptomic responses of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) to acute hypoxia.

    Hall, Stephanie / Méthé, Denise / Stewart-Clark, Sarah / Clark, Fraser

    Marine genomics

    2023  Volume 71, Page(s) 101060

    Abstract: The Prince Edward Island (PEI) mussel aquaculture industry is being challenged by climate change induced environmental stressors including hypoxic/anoxic episodes, that can impact mussel health and survival. Physiological responses of mussels to hypoxia/ ... ...

    Abstract The Prince Edward Island (PEI) mussel aquaculture industry is being challenged by climate change induced environmental stressors including hypoxic/anoxic episodes, that can impact mussel health and survival. Physiological responses of mussels to hypoxia/anoxia have been studied; however, less is known about how transcriptomic response leads to physiology. The present study examined the transcriptomic response of acute (4 h) hypoxia in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from two sites and size classes in PEI, Canada. Overall, major changes in whole-mussel transcriptomics associated with metabolism, cellular organelles/processes and environmental sensing were observed in the first hours of hypoxia exposure. Differences in differentially expressed transcripts were observed between each site and size, indicating that responses to acute hypoxia exposure are highly complex. A size related pattern was observed, with seed size mussels having differential expression of transcripts associated with development, muscle function, and byssal attachment compared to the adults. Adult mussels had higher HSP 90 expression, while HSPs were predominately under-expressed in seed mussels. Seed mussels had significant under-expression of several classes of byssal thread attachment transcripts, indicating a decline in the production of byssal thread or detachment, both which have negative consequences for mussel aquaculture.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mytilus edulis/genetics ; Transcriptome ; Hypoxia ; Mytilus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2429626-0
    ISSN 1876-7478 ; 1874-7787
    ISSN (online) 1876-7478
    ISSN 1874-7787
    DOI 10.1016/j.margen.2023.101060
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  3. Article ; Online: Size and site specific transcriptomic responses of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) to acute hypoxia

    Hall, Stephanie / Méthé, Denise / Stewart-Clark, Sarah / Clark, Fraser

    Marine Genomics. 2023 Oct., v. 71 p.101060-

    2023  

    Abstract: The Prince Edward Island (PEI) mussel aquaculture industry is being challenged by climate change induced environmental stressors including hypoxic/anoxic episodes, that can impact mussel health and survival. Physiological responses of mussels to hypoxia/ ... ...

    Abstract The Prince Edward Island (PEI) mussel aquaculture industry is being challenged by climate change induced environmental stressors including hypoxic/anoxic episodes, that can impact mussel health and survival. Physiological responses of mussels to hypoxia/anoxia have been studied; however, less is known about how transcriptomic response leads to physiology. The present study examined the transcriptomic response of acute (4 h) hypoxia in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from two sites and size classes in PEI, Canada. Overall, major changes in whole-mussel transcriptomics associated with metabolism, cellular organelles/processes and environmental sensing were observed in the first hours of hypoxia exposure. Differences in differentially expressed transcripts were observed between each site and size, indicating that responses to acute hypoxia exposure are highly complex. A size related pattern was observed, with seed size mussels having differential expression of transcripts associated with development, muscle function, and byssal attachment compared to the adults. Adult mussels had higher HSP 90 expression, while HSPs were predominately under-expressed in seed mussels. Seed mussels had significant under-expression of several classes of byssal thread attachment transcripts, indicating a decline in the production of byssal thread or detachment, both which have negative consequences for mussel aquaculture.
    Keywords Mytilus edulis ; adults ; aquaculture industry ; climate change ; gene expression regulation ; genomics ; hypoxia ; metabolism ; mollusc culture ; muscles ; mussels ; organelles ; seed size ; transcriptomics ; Prince Edward Island ; Dissolved oxygen ; Gene expression ; Transcriptome
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-10
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2429626-0
    ISSN 1876-7478 ; 1874-7787
    ISSN (online) 1876-7478
    ISSN 1874-7787
    DOI 10.1016/j.margen.2023.101060
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  4. Article ; Online: Parahepatospora carcini n. gen., n. sp., a parasite of invasive Carcinus maenas with intermediate features of sporogony between the Enterocytozoon clade and other microsporidia.

    Bojko, Jamie / Clark, Fraser / Bass, David / Dunn, Alison M / Stewart-Clark, Sarah / Stebbing, Paul D / Stentiford, Grant D

    Journal of invertebrate pathology

    2017  Volume 143, Page(s) 124–134

    Abstract: Parahepatospora carcini n. gen. n. sp., is a novel microsporidian parasite discovered infecting the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas of a single Carcinus maenas specimen. The crab was sampled from within its invasive range in Atlantic ... ...

    Abstract Parahepatospora carcini n. gen. n. sp., is a novel microsporidian parasite discovered infecting the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas of a single Carcinus maenas specimen. The crab was sampled from within its invasive range in Atlantic Canada (Nova Scotia). Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy were used to show the development of the parasite within a simple interfacial membrane, culminating in the formation of unikaryotic spores with 5-6 turns of an isofilar polar filament. Formation of a multinucleate meront (>12 nuclei observed) preceded thickening and invagination of the plasmodial membrane, and in many cases, formation of spore extrusion precursors (polar filaments, anchoring disk) prior to complete separation of pre-sporoblasts from the sporogonial plasmodium. This developmental feature is intermediate between the Enterocytozoonidae (formation of spore extrusion precursors within the sporont plasmodium) and all other Microsporidia (formation of spore extrusion precursors after separation of sporont from the sporont plasmodium). SSU rRNA-based gene phylogenies place P. carcini within microsporidian Clade IV, between the Enterocytozoonidae and the so-called Enterocytospora-clade, which includes Enterocytospora artemiae and Globulispora mitoportans. Both of these groups contain gut-infecting microsporidians of aquatic invertebrates, fish and humans. According to morphological and phylogenetic characters, we propose that P. carcini occupies a basal position to the Enterocytozoonidae. We discuss the discovery of this parasite from a taxonomic perspective and consider its origins and presence within a high profile invasive host on the Atlantic Canadian coastline.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brachyura/parasitology ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microsporidia, Unclassified/classification ; Microsporidia, Unclassified/genetics ; Microsporidia, Unclassified/ultrastructure ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390885-9
    ISSN 1096-0805 ; 0022-2011
    ISSN (online) 1096-0805
    ISSN 0022-2011
    DOI 10.1016/j.jip.2016.12.006
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  5. Article ; Online: (with research data) Seascape genomics provides evidence for thermal adaptation and current-mediated population structure in American lobster (Homarus americanus).

    Benestan, Laura / Quinn, Brady K / Maaroufi, Halim / Laporte, Martin / Clark, Fraser K / Greenwood, Spencer J / Rochette, Rémy / Bernatchez, Louis

    Molecular ecology

    2016  Volume 25, Issue 20, Page(s) 5073–5092

    Abstract: Investigating how environmental features shape the genetic structure of populations is crucial for understanding how they are potentially adapted to their habitats, as well as for sound management. In this study, we assessed the relative importance of ... ...

    Abstract Investigating how environmental features shape the genetic structure of populations is crucial for understanding how they are potentially adapted to their habitats, as well as for sound management. In this study, we assessed the relative importance of spatial distribution, ocean currents and sea surface temperature (SST) on patterns of putatively neutral and adaptive genetic variation among American lobster from 19 locations using population differentiation (PD) approaches combined with environmental association (EA) analyses. First, PD approaches (using bayescan, arlequin and outflank) found 28 outlier SNPs putatively under divergent selection and 9770 neutral SNPs in common. Redundancy analysis revealed that spatial distribution, ocean current-mediated larval connectivity and SST explained 31.7% of the neutral genetic differentiation, with ocean currents driving the majority of this relationship (21.0%). After removing the influence of spatial distribution, no SST were significant for putatively neutral genetic variation whereas minimum annual SST still had a significant impact and explained 8.1% of the putatively adaptive genetic variation. Second, EA analyses (using Pearson correlation tests, bayescenv and lfmm) jointly identified seven SNPs as candidates for thermal adaptation. Covariation at these SNPs was assessed with a spatial multivariate analysis that highlighted a significant temperature association, after accounting for the influence of spatial distribution. Among the 505 candidate SNPs detected by at least one of the three approaches, we discovered three polymorphisms located in genes previously shown to play a role in thermal adaptation. Our results have implications for the management of the American lobster and provide a foundation on which to predict how this species will cope with climate change.
    MeSH term(s) Acclimatization/genetics ; Animals ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genomics ; Models, Genetic ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nephropidae/genetics ; North America ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Spatial Analysis ; Temperature ; Water Movements
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1126687-9
    ISSN 1365-294X ; 0962-1083
    ISSN (online) 1365-294X
    ISSN 0962-1083
    DOI 10.1111/mec.13811
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  6. Article: Green crab Carcinus maenas symbiont profiles along a North Atlantic invasion route.

    Bojko, Jamie / Stebbing, Paul D / Dunn, Alison M / Bateman, Kelly S / Clark, Fraser / Kerr, Rose C / Stewart-Clark, Sarah / Johannesen, Ása / Stentiford, Grant D

    Diseases of aquatic organisms

    2018  Volume 128, Issue 2, Page(s) 147–168

    Abstract: The green crab Carcinus maenas is an invader on the Atlantic coast of Canada and the USA. In these locations, crab populations have facilitated the development of a legal fishery in which C. maenas is caught and sold, mainly for use as bait to capture ... ...

    Abstract The green crab Carcinus maenas is an invader on the Atlantic coast of Canada and the USA. In these locations, crab populations have facilitated the development of a legal fishery in which C. maenas is caught and sold, mainly for use as bait to capture economically important crustaceans such as American lobster Homarus americanus. The paucity of knowledge on the symbionts of invasive C. maenas in Canada and their potential for transfer to lobsters poses a potential risk of unintended transmission. We carried out a histological survey for symbionts of C. maenas from their native range in Northern Europe (in the UK and Faroe Islands), and invasive range in Atlantic Canada. In total, 19 separate symbiotic associations were identified from C. maenas collected from 27 sites. These included metazoan parasites (nematodes, Profilicollis botulus, Sacculina carcini, Microphallidae, ectoparasitic crustaceans), microbial eukaryotes (ciliates, Hematodinium sp., Haplosporidium littoralis, Ameson pulvis, Parahepatospora carcini, gregarines, amoebae), bacteria (Rickettsia-like organism, milky disease), and viral pathogens (parvo-like virus, herpes-like virus, iridovirus, Carcinus maenas bacilliform virus and a haemocyte-infecting rod-shaped virus). Hematodinium sp. were not observed in the Canadian population; however, parasites such as Trematoda and Acanthocephala were present in all countries despite their complex, multi-species lifecycles. Some pathogens may pose a risk of transmission to other decapods and native fauna via the use of this host in the bait industry, such as the discovery of a virus resembling the previously described white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), B-virus and 'rod-shaped virus' (RV-CM) and amoebae, which have previously been found to cause disease in aquaculture (e.g. Salmo salar) and fisheries species (e.g. H. americanus).
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Brachyura/microbiology ; Brachyura/parasitology ; Crustacea/physiology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Introduced Species ; Nova Scotia ; Parasites/classification ; Parasites/physiology ; Symbiosis ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018--07
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 0177-5103
    ISSN 0177-5103
    DOI 10.3354/dao03216
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  7. Article ; Online: (with research data) Sex matters in massive parallel sequencing: Evidence for biases in genetic parameter estimation and investigation of sex determination systems.

    Benestan, Laura / Moore, Jean-Sébastien / Sutherland, Ben J G / Le Luyer, Jérémy / Maaroufi, Halim / Rougeux, Clément / Normandeau, Eric / Rycroft, Nathan / Atema, Jelle / Harris, Les N / Tallman, Ross F / Greenwood, Spencer J / Clark, Fraser K / Bernatchez, Louis

    Molecular ecology

    2017  Volume 26, Issue 24, Page(s) 6767–6783

    Abstract: Using massively parallel sequencing data from two species with different life history traits, American lobster (Homarus americanus) and Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus), we highlight how an unbalanced sex ratio in the samples and a few sex-linked markers ...

    Abstract Using massively parallel sequencing data from two species with different life history traits, American lobster (Homarus americanus) and Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus), we highlight how an unbalanced sex ratio in the samples and a few sex-linked markers may lead to false interpretations of population structure and thus to potentially erroneous management recommendations. Here, multivariate analyses revealed two genetic clusters separating samples by sex instead of by expected spatial variation: inshore and offshore locations in lobster, or east and west locations in Arctic Char. To further investigate this, we created several subsamples artificially varying the sex ratio in the inshore/offshore and east/west groups and then demonstrated that significant genetic differentiation could be observed despite panmixia in lobster, and that F
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; Genetics, Population ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nephropidae/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection Bias ; Sex Ratio ; Trout/genetics
    Chemical Substances Genetic Markers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1126687-9
    ISSN 1365-294X ; 0962-1083
    ISSN (online) 1365-294X
    ISSN 0962-1083
    DOI 10.1111/mec.14217
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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