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  1. Article ; Online: Commentary: Cardiac surgery in COVID patients: Figuring it out as we go.

    Clark, Sarah A / Teman, Nicholas R

    The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery

    2021  Volume 162, Issue 2, Page(s) e374–e375

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Thoracic Surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3104-5
    ISSN 1097-685X ; 0022-5223
    ISSN (online) 1097-685X
    ISSN 0022-5223
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.04.058
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Structural basis for VLDLR recognition by eastern equine encephalitis virus.

    Yang, Pan / Li, Wanyu / Fan, Xiaoyi / Pan, Junhua / Mann, Colin J / Varnum, Haley / Clark, Lars E / Clark, Sarah A / Coscia, Adrian / Smith, Katherine Nabel / Brusic, Vesna / Abraham, Jonathan

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne enveloped RNA viruses that include several important human pathogens with outbreak potential. Among them, eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is the most virulent, and many survivors develop neurological sequelae, ... ...

    Abstract Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne enveloped RNA viruses that include several important human pathogens with outbreak potential. Among them, eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is the most virulent, and many survivors develop neurological sequelae, including paralysis and intellectual disability. The spike proteins of alphaviruses comprise trimers of heterodimers of their envelope glycoproteins E2 and E1 that mediate binding to cellular receptors and fusion of virus and host cell membranes during entry. We recently identified very-low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), two closely related proteins that are expressed in the brain, as cellular receptors for EEEV and a distantly related alphavirus, Semliki forest virus (SFV)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.11.14.567065
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Rewiring of the Host Cell Metabolome and Lipidome during Lytic Gammaherpesvirus Infection Is Essential for Infectious-Virus Production.

    Clark, Sarah A / Vazquez, Angie / Furiya, Kelsey / Splattstoesser, Madeleine K / Bashmail, Abdullah K / Schwartz, Haleigh / Russell, Makaiya / Bhark, Shun-Je / Moreno, Osvaldo K / McGovern, Morgan / Owsley, Eric R / Nelson, Timothy A / Sanchez, Erica L / Delgado, Tracie

    Journal of virology

    2023  Volume 97, Issue 6, Page(s) e0050623

    Abstract: Oncogenic virus infections are estimated to cause ~15% of all cancers. Two prevalent human oncogenic viruses are members of the gammaherpesvirus family: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV). We use murine herpesvirus 68 (MHV- ... ...

    Abstract Oncogenic virus infections are estimated to cause ~15% of all cancers. Two prevalent human oncogenic viruses are members of the gammaherpesvirus family: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV). We use murine herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), which shares significant homology with KSHV and EBV, as a model system to study gammaherpesvirus lytic replication. Viruses implement distinct metabolic programs to support their life cycle, such as increasing the supply of lipids, amino acids, and nucleotide materials necessary to replicate. Our data define the global changes in the host cell metabolome and lipidome during gammaherpesvirus lytic replication. Our metabolomics analysis found that MHV-68 lytic infection induces glycolysis, glutaminolysis, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. We additionally observed an increase in glutamine consumption and glutamine dehydrogenase protein expression. While both glucose and glutamine starvation of host cells decreased viral titers, glutamine starvation led to a greater loss in virion production. Our lipidomics analysis revealed a peak in triacylglycerides early during infection and an increase in free fatty acids and diacylglyceride later in the viral life cycle. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the protein expression of multiple lipogenic enzymes during infection. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibitors of glycolysis or lipogenesis resulted in decreased infectious virus production. Taken together, these results illustrate the global alterations in host cell metabolism during lytic gammaherpesvirus infection, establish essential pathways for viral production, and recommend targeted mechanisms to block viral spread and treat viral induced tumors.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glutamine/metabolism ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Lipidomics ; Metabolome ; Nucleotides/metabolism ; Rhadinovirus/physiology ; Virus Replication/physiology ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Herpesviridae Infections/metabolism ; Herpesviridae Infections/virology
    Chemical Substances Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Glutamine (0RH81L854J) ; Nucleotides ; Fatty Acids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/jvi.00506-23
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Residue-level global and local ensemble-ensemble comparisons of protein domains.

    Clark, Sarah A / Tronrud, Dale E / Karplus, P Andrew

    Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society

    2015  Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 1528–1542

    Abstract: Many methods of protein structure generation such as NMR-based solution structure determination and template-based modeling do not produce a single model, but an ensemble of models consistent with the available information. Current strategies for ... ...

    Abstract Many methods of protein structure generation such as NMR-based solution structure determination and template-based modeling do not produce a single model, but an ensemble of models consistent with the available information. Current strategies for comparing ensembles lose information because they use only a single representative structure. Here, we describe the ENSEMBLATOR and its novel strategy to directly compare two ensembles containing the same atoms to identify significant global and local backbone differences between them on per-atom and per-residue levels, respectively. The ENSEMBLATOR has four components: eePREP (ee for ensemble-ensemble), which selects atoms common to all models; eeCORE, which identifies atoms belonging to a cutoff-distance dependent common core; eeGLOBAL, which globally superimposes all models using the defined core atoms and calculates for each atom the two intraensemble variations, the interensemble variation, and the closest approach of members of the two ensembles; and eeLOCAL, which performs a local overlay of each dipeptide and, using a novel measure of local backbone similarity, reports the same four variations as eeGLOBAL. The combination of eeGLOBAL and eeLOCAL analyses identifies the most significant differences between ensembles. We illustrate the ENSEMBLATOR's capabilities by showing how using it to analyze NMR ensembles and to compare NMR ensembles with crystal structures provides novel insights compared to published studies. One of these studies leads us to suggest that a "consistency check" of NMR-derived ensembles may be a useful analysis step for NMR-based structure determinations in general. The ENSEMBLATOR 1.0 is available as a first generation tool to carry out ensemble-ensemble comparisons.
    MeSH term(s) Computational Biology/methods ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1106283-6
    ISSN 1469-896X ; 0961-8368
    ISSN (online) 1469-896X
    ISSN 0961-8368
    DOI 10.1002/pro.2714
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Multivalent IDP assemblies: Unique properties of LC8-associated, IDP duplex scaffolds.

    Clark, Sarah A / Jespersen, Nathan / Woodward, Clare / Barbar, Elisar

    FEBS letters

    2015  Volume 589, Issue 19 Pt A, Page(s) 2543–2551

    Abstract: A wide variety of subcellular complexes are composed of one or more intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that are multivalent, flexible, and characterized by dynamic binding of diverse partner proteins. These multivalent IDP assemblies, of broad ... ...

    Abstract A wide variety of subcellular complexes are composed of one or more intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that are multivalent, flexible, and characterized by dynamic binding of diverse partner proteins. These multivalent IDP assemblies, of broad functional diversity, are classified here into five categories distinguished by the number of IDP chains and the arrangement of partner proteins in the functional complex. Examples of each category are summarized in the context of the exceptional molecular and biological properties of IDPs. One type - IDP duplex scaffolds - is considered in detail. Its unique features include parallel alignment of two IDP chains, formation of new self-associated domains, enhanced affinity for additional bivalent ligands, and ubiquitous binding of the hub protein LC8. For two IDP duplex scaffolds, dynein intermediate chain IC and nucleoporin Nup159, these duplex features, together with the inherent flexibility of IDPs, are central to their assembly and function. A new type of IDP-LC8 interaction, distributed binding of LC8 among multiple IDP recognition sites, is described for Nup159 assembly.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cytoplasmic Dyneins/chemistry ; Cytoplasmic Dyneins/metabolism ; Entropy ; Humans ; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/chemistry ; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Chemical Substances Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ; DYNLL1 protein, human (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Cytoplasmic Dyneins (EC 3.6.4.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 212746-5
    ISSN 1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
    ISSN (online) 1873-3468
    ISSN 0014-5793
    DOI 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.032
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 evolution in an immunocompromised host reveals shared neutralization escape mechanisms.

    Clark, Sarah A / Clark, Lars E / Pan, Junhua / Coscia, Adrian / McKay, Lindsay G A / Shankar, Sundaresh / Johnson, Rebecca I / Brusic, Vesna / Choudhary, Manish C / Regan, James / Li, Jonathan Z / Griffiths, Anthony / Abraham, Jonathan

    Cell

    2021  Volume 184, Issue 10, Page(s) 2605–2617.e18

    Abstract: Many individuals mount nearly identical antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2. To gain insight into how the viral spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) might evolve in response to common antibody responses, we studied mutations occurring during ... ...

    Abstract Many individuals mount nearly identical antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2. To gain insight into how the viral spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) might evolve in response to common antibody responses, we studied mutations occurring during virus evolution in a persistently infected immunocompromised individual. We use antibody Fab/RBD structures to predict, and pseudotypes to confirm, that mutations found in late-stage evolved S variants confer resistance to a common class of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies we isolated from a healthy COVID-19 convalescent donor. Resistance extends to the polyclonal serum immunoglobulins of four out of four healthy convalescent donors we tested and to monoclonal antibodies in clinical use. We further show that affinity maturation is unimportant for wild-type virus neutralization but is critical to neutralization breadth. Because the mutations we studied foreshadowed emerging variants that are now circulating across the globe, our results have implications to the long-term efficacy of S-directed countermeasures.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/immunology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Immune Evasion/immunology ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology ; Male ; Protein Domains ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Multivalent IDP assemblies: Unique properties of LC8-associated, IDP duplex scaffolds

    Clark, Sarah A / Nathan Jespersen / Clare Woodward / Elisar Barbar

    Federation of European Biochemical Societies FEBS letters. 2015 Sept. 14, v. 589, no. 19

    2015  

    Abstract: A wide variety of subcellular complexes are composed of one or more intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that are multivalent, flexible, and characterized by dynamic binding of diverse partner proteins. These multivalent IDP assemblies, of broad ... ...

    Abstract A wide variety of subcellular complexes are composed of one or more intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that are multivalent, flexible, and characterized by dynamic binding of diverse partner proteins. These multivalent IDP assemblies, of broad functional diversity, are classified here into five categories distinguished by the number of IDP chains and the arrangement of partner proteins in the functional complex. Examples of each category are summarized in the context of the exceptional molecular and biological properties of IDPs. One type – IDP duplex scaffolds – is considered in detail. Its unique features include parallel alignment of two IDP chains, formation of new self-associated domains, enhanced affinity for additional bivalent ligands, and ubiquitous binding of the hub protein LC8. For two IDP duplex scaffolds, dynein intermediate chain IC and nucleoporin Nup159, these duplex features, together with the inherent flexibility of IDPs, are central to their assembly and function. A new type of IDP–LC8 interaction, distributed binding of LC8 among multiple IDP recognition sites, is described for Nup159 assembly.
    Keywords dynein ATPase ; functional diversity ; ligands ; proteins
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-0914
    Size p. 2543-2551.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 212746-5
    ISSN 1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
    ISSN (online) 1873-3468
    ISSN 0014-5793
    DOI 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.032
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Molecular basis for a germline-biased neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.

    Clark, Sarah A / Clark, Lars E / Pan, Junhua / Coscia, Adrian / McKay, Lindsay G A / Shankar, Sundaresh / Johnson, Rebecca I / Griffiths, Anthony / Abraham, Jonathan

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2020  

    Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 viral spike (S) protein mediates attachment and entry into host cells and is a major target of vaccine and drug design. Potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies derived from closely related antibody heavy chain genes (IGHV3-53 or 3-66) ... ...

    Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 viral spike (S) protein mediates attachment and entry into host cells and is a major target of vaccine and drug design. Potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies derived from closely related antibody heavy chain genes (IGHV3-53 or 3-66) have been isolated from multiple COVID-19 convalescent individuals. These usually contain minimal somatic mutations and bind the S receptor-binding domain (RBD) to interfere with attachment to the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We used antigen-specific single B cell sorting to isolate S-reactive monoclonal antibodies from the blood of a COVID-19 convalescent individual. The seven most potent neutralizing antibodies were somatic variants of the same IGHV3-53-derived antibody and bind the RBD with varying affinity. We report X-ray crystal structures of four Fab variants bound to the RBD and use the structures to explain the basis for changes in RBD affinity. We show that a germline revertant antibody binds tightly to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD and neutralizes virus, and that gains in affinity for the RBD do not necessarily correlate with increased neutralization potency, suggesting that somatic mutation is not required to exert robust antiviral effect. Our studies clarify the molecular basis for a heavily germline-biased human antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2020.11.13.381533
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Outcomes of surgical mitral valve replacement: A benchmark to assess transcatheter technologies.

    Chancellor, William Z / Hunter Mehaffey, J / Clark, Sarah A / Hawkins, Robert B / Beller, Jared P / Rich, Jeffery B / Speir, Alan M / Quader, Mohammed / Yarboro, Leora T / Ailawadi, Gorav

    Journal of cardiac surgery

    2020  Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 69–73

    Abstract: Background: Clinical trials are underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter mitral valve replacement in intermediate and high surgical risk patients. We analyzed outcomes of surgical mitral valve replacement in a regional consortium to ...

    Abstract Background: Clinical trials are underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter mitral valve replacement in intermediate and high surgical risk patients. We analyzed outcomes of surgical mitral valve replacement in a regional consortium to provide benchmark data for emerging alternative therapies.
    Methods: All patients undergoing mitral replacement with a Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality (STS PROM) in a regional consortium from 2001 to 2017 were analyzed. Patients with endocarditis were excluded. Patients were stratified by STS PROM into low (<4%), moderate (4%-8%), and high risk (>8%) cohorts. Mortality, postoperative complications, and resource utilization were evaluated for each group.
    Results: A total of 1611 patients were analyzed including 927 (58%) low, 370 (23%) moderate, and 314 (20%) high-risk patients. The mean STS PROM was 2%, 5.6%, and 15.4% for each group. Mortality was adequately predicted for all groups while the most common complications included prolonged ventilation, reoperation, and renal failure. Higher risk patients had longer intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay (2 vs. 3 vs. 5 days, p < .0001 and 7 vs. 8 vs. 10 days, p < .0001) and higher total hospital costs ($38,029 vs. $45,075 vs. $59,171 p < .0001).
    Conclusions: Mitral valve replacement is associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality, particularly for low and intermediate-risk patients. These outcomes also serve as a benchmark with which to compare forthcoming results of transcatheter mitral valve replacement trials.
    MeSH term(s) Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery ; Benchmarking ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Mitral Valve/surgery ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639059-6
    ISSN 1540-8191 ; 0886-0440
    ISSN (online) 1540-8191
    ISSN 0886-0440
    DOI 10.1111/jocs.15157
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: VLDLR and ApoER2 are receptors for multiple alphaviruses.

    Clark, Lars E / Clark, Sarah A / Lin, ChieYu / Liu, Jianying / Coscia, Adrian / Nabel, Katherine G / Yang, Pan / Neel, Dylan V / Lee, Hyo / Brusic, Vesna / Stryapunina, Iryna / Plante, Kenneth S / Ahmed, Asim A / Catteruccia, Flaminia / Young-Pearse, Tracy L / Chiu, Isaac M / Llopis, Paula Montero / Weaver, Scott C / Abraham, Jonathan

    Nature

    2021  Volume 602, Issue 7897, Page(s) 475–480

    Abstract: Alphaviruses, like many other arthropod-borne viruses, infect vertebrate species and insect vectors separated by hundreds of millions of years of evolutionary history. Entry into evolutionarily divergent host cells can be accomplished by recognition of ... ...

    Abstract Alphaviruses, like many other arthropod-borne viruses, infect vertebrate species and insect vectors separated by hundreds of millions of years of evolutionary history. Entry into evolutionarily divergent host cells can be accomplished by recognition of different cellular receptors in different species, or by binding to receptors that are highly conserved across species. Although multiple alphavirus receptors have been described
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mosquito Vectors ; Receptors, LDL ; Semliki forest virus/metabolism ; Sindbis Virus/physiology
    Chemical Substances LDL-Receptor Related Proteins ; Ligands ; Receptors, LDL ; VLDL receptor ; low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-021-04326-0
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