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  1. Article: Patterns of fos expression in the rostral medulla and caudal pons evoked by noxious craniovascular stimulation and periaqueductal gray stimulation in the cat.

    Knight, Yolande E / Classey, John D / Lasalandra, Michele P / Akerman, Simon / Kowacs, Fernando / Hoskin, Karen L / Goadsby, Peter J

    Brain research

    2005  Volume 1045, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 1–11

    Abstract: Functional imaging studies and clinical evidence suggest that structures in the brainstem contribute to migraine pathophysiology with a strong association between the brainstem areas, such as periaqueductal gray (PAG), and the headache phase of migraine. ...

    Abstract Functional imaging studies and clinical evidence suggest that structures in the brainstem contribute to migraine pathophysiology with a strong association between the brainstem areas, such as periaqueductal gray (PAG), and the headache phase of migraine. Stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in humans evokes head pain. Second-order neurons in the trigeminal nucleus that are activated by SSS stimulation can be inhibited by PAG stimulation. The present study was undertaken to identify pontine and medullary structures that respond to noxious stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus or to ventrolateral PAG stimulation. The distribution of neurons expressing the protein product (fos) of the c-fos immediate early gene were examined in the rostral medulla and caudal pons of the cat after (i) sham, (ii) stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus, (iii) stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus with PAG stimulation, or (iv) stimulation of the PAG alone. The structures examined for fos were the trigeminal nucleus, infratrigeminal nucleus, reticular nuclei, nucleus raphe magnus, pontine blink premotor area, and superior salivatory nucleus. Compared with all other interventions, fos expression was significantly greater in the trigeminal nucleus and superior salivatory nucleus after SSS stimulation. After PAG with SSS stimulation, on the side ipsilateral to the site of PAG stimulation, fos was significantly greater in the nucleus raphe magnus. These structures are likely to be involved in the neurobiology of migraine.
    MeSH term(s) Afferent Pathways/anatomy & histology ; Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cranial Sinuses/innervation ; Cranial Sinuses/physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Immunohistochemistry ; Medulla Oblongata/anatomy & histology ; Medulla Oblongata/physiology ; Migraine Disorders/physiopathology ; Nociceptors/physiology ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/anatomy & histology ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiology ; Periaqueductal Gray/anatomy & histology ; Periaqueductal Gray/physiology ; Pons/anatomy & histology ; Pons/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; Raphe Nuclei/anatomy & histology ; Raphe Nuclei/physiology ; Reticular Formation/anatomy & histology ; Reticular Formation/physiology ; Trigeminal Nuclei/anatomy & histology ; Trigeminal Nuclei/physiology
    Chemical Substances Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-05-31
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1200-2
    ISSN 1872-6240 ; 0006-8993
    ISSN (online) 1872-6240
    ISSN 0006-8993
    DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.091
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Hypothalamic activation after stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus in the cat: a Fos study.

    Benjamin, Laura / Levy, Miles J / Lasalandra, Michele P / Knight, Yolande E / Akerman, Simon / Classey, John D / Goadsby, Peter J

    Neurobiology of disease

    2004  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 500–505

    Abstract: Clinical observations, particularly of the premonitory phase of migraine, suggest the involvement of the hypothalamus in the earliest phases of an attack. Stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in humans produces head pain and permits study of ... ...

    Abstract Clinical observations, particularly of the premonitory phase of migraine, suggest the involvement of the hypothalamus in the earliest phases of an attack. Stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in humans produces head pain and permits study of the activated trigeminovascular system in experimental settings. The distribution of neurons expressing the protein product (Fos) of the c-fos immediate early gene was examined in the hypothalamus of anaesthetised (alpha-chloralose) cats. Animals were studied after either 2-h stimulation of the SSS or sham stimulation. Fos protein was detected using immunohistochemistry, and positive neurons were plotted onto standardised templates and counted by a blinded observer. In response to electrical stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus, we found significant activation of the supra-optic nucleus (SON) rising from 3 (0-13) (median, 95% confidence interval) to 53 (31-78; P = 0.005) fos-positive cells. In the posterior hypothalamic area (Hp), fos-positive cells rose from 4 (0-14) to 35 (17-45; P = 0.015) Taken together with other physiological studies, the data are consistent with a role for hypothalamic structures in the modulation of trigeminovascular nociceptive afferent information, and thus for a role in headache.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cats ; Cranial Sinuses/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Hypothalamus, Anterior/physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Migraine Disorders/metabolism ; Migraine Disorders/physiopathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1211786-9
    ISSN 1095-953X ; 0969-9961
    ISSN (online) 1095-953X
    ISSN 0969-9961
    DOI 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.03.015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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