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Article ; Online: The use of a combined sliding skin graft and a free labial mucocutaneous graft for reconstruction of the equine upper eyelid after full‐thickness excision of a melanoma

Andrea Steinmetz / Claudia Gittel / Denny Böttcher / Liv Lapko / Julia Offhaus

Clinical Case Reports, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 419-

2019 Volume 425

Abstract: Key Clinical Message A melanoma of the upper eyelid was resected in a gray warmblood gelding. A full functional eyelid could be obtained by completion a sliding skin graft with a free labial mucocutaneous graft transplantation to restore the ... ...

Abstract	Key Clinical Message A melanoma of the upper eyelid was resected in a gray warmblood gelding. A full functional eyelid could be obtained by completion a sliding skin graft with a free labial mucocutaneous graft transplantation to restore the mucocutaneous junction and to decrease the risk of postoperative trichiasis.
Keywords	eyelid melanoma ; free labial mucocutaneous graft ; horse ; mucocutaneous junction ; sliding skin graft ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Biplanar High-Speed Fluoroscopy of Pony Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon (SDFT)—An In Vivo Pilot Study

Franziska C. Wagner / Kerstin Gerlach / Sandra M. Geiger / Claudia Gittel / Peter Böttcher / Christoph K. W. Mülling

Veterinary Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 92, p

2021 Volume 92

Abstract: The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is the most frequently injured structure of the musculoskeletal system in sport horses and a common cause for early retirement. This project’s aim was to visualize and measure the strain of the sound, injured, ...

Abstract	The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is the most frequently injured structure of the musculoskeletal system in sport horses and a common cause for early retirement. This project’s aim was to visualize and measure the strain of the sound, injured, and healing SDFTs in a pony during walk and trot. For this purpose, biplanar high-speed fluoroscopic kinematography (FluoKin), as a high precision X-ray movement analysis tool, was used for the first time in vivo with equine tendons. The strain in the metacarpal region of the sound SDFT was 2.86% during walk and 6.78% during trot. When injured, the strain increased to 3.38% during walk and decreased to 5.96% during trot. The baseline strain in the mid-metacarpal region was 3.13% during walk and 6.06% during trot and, when injured, decreased to 2.98% and increased to 7.61%, respectively. Following tendon injury, the mid-metacarpal region contributed less to the overall strain during walk but showed increased contribution during trot. Using this marker-based FluoKin technique, direct, high-precision, and long-term strain measurements in the same individual are possible. We conclude that FluoKin is a powerful tool for gaining deeper insight into equine tendon biomechanics.
Keywords	horse ; equine ; gait ; collagenase ; XROMM ; strain ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Volumetric measurements of paranasal sinuses and examination of sinonasal communication in healthy Shetland ponies

Lisa Köhler / Ellen Schulz-Kornas / Ingrid Vervuert / Claudia Gittel / Karsten Winter / Dagmar Berner / Kerstin Gerlach

BMC Veterinary Research, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-

anatomical and morphometric characteristics using computed tomography

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Background Despite clinical importance and frequent occurrence of sinus disease, little is known about the size of paranasal sinuses and their communication in ponies and small horses. To examine the shape and volume of the paranasal sinuses and ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Despite clinical importance and frequent occurrence of sinus disease, little is known about the size of paranasal sinuses and their communication in ponies and small horses. To examine the shape and volume of the paranasal sinuses and evaluate the sinonasal communication, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of computed tomography (CT) datasets of 12 healthy adult Shetland ponies were performed and analysed. Linear measurements of head length and width were taken. Using semi-automatic segmentation, 3D-models of all sinus compartments were created. Volumetric measurement of the seven sinus compartments were conducted and statistical analysis was performed. Sinus volumes were compared between the left and right sinuses and the relation to age and head size was evaluated. Results Structure and shape of the paranasal sinus system in Shetland ponies was similar to that of large horses. All seven sinus compartments on each side of the head were identified (rostral maxillary sinus, ventral conchal sinus, caudal maxillary sinus, dorsal conchal sinus, middle conchal sinus, frontal sinus, sphenopalatine sinus). The existence of a bilateral cranial and a caudal system formed by a maxillary septum was visible in all 12 individuals. The volumetric sizes of the left and right sinuses did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). A positive correlation between the size of the paranasal sinuses and the head length was shown. A relation between sinus volumes and age could not be proved in adult ponies aged > six years. Communication between single sinus compartments was identified. Furthermore, communication with the nasal cavity over the nasomaxillary aperture (Apertura nasomaxillaris) and a common sinonasal channel (Canalis sinunasalis communis) as well as its splitting up into a rostral and a caudolateral channel could be seen. Examination of the sinonasal communication was challenging and only a descriptive evaluation was possible. Conclusions Our findings concerning the size, shape and volumetric ...
Keywords	Computed tomography ; Paranasal sinuses ; Shetland ponies ; Sinonasal channels ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The influence of equine body weight gain on inflammatory cytokine expressions of adipose tissue in response to endotoxin challenge

Dominique Blaue / Carola Schedlbauer / Janine Starzonek / Claudia Gittel / Walter Brehm / Matthias Blüher / Martin Pfeffer / Ingrid Vervuert

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Vol 62, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Background Human obesity is linked with systemic inflammation. However, it is still controversial if equines produce more inflammatory cytokines with increasing body weight and if the production of those show breed type specific patterns. The ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Human obesity is linked with systemic inflammation. However, it is still controversial if equines produce more inflammatory cytokines with increasing body weight and if the production of those show breed type specific patterns. The main objective of this study was to determine if diet induced obesity is associated with increased inflammatory signatures in adipose tissue of equines and if a breed predisposition exists between ponies and horses. Additionally, we aimed to identify adipose tissue depot differences in inflammatory cytokine expression. Nineteen healthy, non-overweight and metabolically healthy equines received a hypercaloric diet for 2 years. Body weight, body condition score and cresty neck score were assessed weekly throughout the study. At three time points, insulin sensitivity was determined by a combined glucose-insulin test. Adipose tissue samples were collected from two intra-abdominal and two subcutaneous depots under general anesthesia at each time point after an endotoxin trigger. In the adipose tissue samples levels of CD68 mRNA (a marker of macrophage infiltration) and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα) were analyzed with RT-qPCR. As markers of lipid metabolism mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were determined with RT-qPCR. Results CD68 mRNA levels increased with body weight gain in several adipose tissue (AT) depots (Wilcoxon signed rank test with Bonferroni correction; retroperitoneal AT horses: P = 0.023, mesocolonial AT horses: P = 0.023, subcutaneous tail head AT ponies: P = 0.015). In both abdominal depots CD68 mRNA levels were higher than in subcutaneous adipose tissue depots (Kruskal–Wallis-ANOVA with Bonferroni correction: P < 0.05). No breed related differences were found. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα levels were higher in subcutaneous depots compared to abdominal depots after body weight gain. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα mRNA levels of mesocolon adipose tissue were higher in ...
Keywords	Adipose tissue ; Equine ; Inflammation ; Lipid metabolism ; Obesity ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of incisional complications between skin closures using a simple continuous or intradermal pattern

Doreen Scharner / Claudia Gittel / Karsten Winter / Dominique Blaue / Carola Schedlbauer / Ingrid Vervuert / Walter Brehm

PeerJ, Vol 6, p e

a pilot study in horses undergoing ventral median celiotomy

2018 Volume 5772

Abstract: Background Development of incisional complications following ventral median celiotomy might depend on suture pattern for skin closure. Methods In this prospective study, 21 healthy male horses underwent celiotomy. Skin closure was either performed via a ... ...

Abstract	Background Development of incisional complications following ventral median celiotomy might depend on suture pattern for skin closure. Methods In this prospective study, 21 healthy male horses underwent celiotomy. Skin closure was either performed via a continuous percutaneous pattern (CO group; 5 warmbloods/5 ponies) or an intradermal pattern (ID group; 5 warmbloods/6 ponies). Follow-up examination of the incisional site included daily monitoring for edema, dehiscence, and drainage. Transcutaneous ultrasound was performed at Days 3, 6, and 10 as well as on Week 8 and 12 to evaluate size of edema and presence or absence of sinus formation, and hernia formation. Prevalence of incisional infection on base of positive microbiological analysis at any time up to Day 10 was evaluated and compared between ID and CO group. Furthermore, edema size was analysed by a linear mixed-effect model for group and time dependency. Results Observed incisional complications included edema (9/10 in CO, 10/11 in ID), suture sinus formation (2/10 in CO, 1/11 in ID), surgical site infection (2/10 in CO, 0/11 in ID), and incisional hernia (1/10 in CO, 0/11 in ID). The overall prevalence of incisional infection was 9.5% without significant differences between both groups (20% in CO, 0% in ID; p = 0.214). Edema size was not dependent on time or group (p = 0.545 and p = 0.627, respectively). Discussion CO and ID suture pattern are appropriate for skin closure following ventral median celiotomy in horses. None of the animals in the continuous ID group developed surgical site infections, even without the use of antibiotics.
Keywords	Exploratory laparotomy ; Surgical site infection ; Suture pattern ; Complications ; Incision ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: In Vivo Magic Angle Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Cell Tracking in Equine Low-Field MRI

Carolin Horstmeier / Annette B. Ahrberg / Dagmar Berner / Janina Burk / Claudia Gittel / Aline Hillmann / Julia Offhaus / Walter Brehm

Stem Cells International, Vol

2019 Volume 2019

Abstract: The magic angle effect increases the MRI signal of healthy tendon tissue and could be used for more detailed evaluation of tendon structure. Furthermore, it could support the discrimination of hypointense artefacts induced by contrast agents such as ... ...

Abstract	The magic angle effect increases the MRI signal of healthy tendon tissue and could be used for more detailed evaluation of tendon structure. Furthermore, it could support the discrimination of hypointense artefacts induced by contrast agents such as superparamagnetic iron oxide used for cell tracking. However, magic angle MRI of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon has not been accomplished in vivo in standing low-field MRI so far. The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the practicability of this magic angle technique and its benefit for tracking superparamagnetic iron oxide-labelled multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Six horses with induced tendinopathy in their forelimb superficial digital flexor tendons were injected locally either with superparamagnetic iron oxide-labelled multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or serum. MRI included standard and magic angle image series in T1- and T2∗-weighted sequences performed at regular intervals. Image analysis comprised blinded evaluation and quantitative assessment of signal-to-noise ratio. The magic angle technique enhanced the tendon signal-to-noise ratio (P<0.001). Hypointense artefacts were observable in the cell-injected superficial digital flexor tendons over 24 weeks and artefact signal-to-noise ratio differed significantly from tendon signal-to-noise ratio in the magic angle images (P<0.001). Magic angle imaging of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon is feasible in standing low-field MRI. The current data demonstrate that the technique improves discrimination of superparamagnetic iron oxide-induced artefacts from the surrounding tendon tissue.
Keywords	Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Lipid classes in adipose tissues and liver differ between Shetland ponies and Warmblood horses.

Stephanie Adolph / Carola Schedlbauer / Dominique Blaue / Axel Schöniger / Claudia Gittel / Walter Brehm / Herbert Fuhrmann / Ingrid Vervuert

PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 3, p e

2019 Volume 0207568

Abstract: Fatty acids, as key components of cellular membranes and complex lipids, may play a central role in endocrine signalling and the function of adipose tissue and liver. Thus, the lipid fatty acid composition may play a role in health status in the equine. ... ...

Abstract	Fatty acids, as key components of cellular membranes and complex lipids, may play a central role in endocrine signalling and the function of adipose tissue and liver. Thus, the lipid fatty acid composition may play a role in health status in the equine. This study aimed to investigate the fatty acid composition of different tissues and liver lipid classes by comparing Warmblood horses and Shetland ponies under defined conditions. We hypothesized that ponies show different lipid patterns than horses in adipose tissue, liver and plasma. Six Warmblood horses and six Shetland ponies were housed and fed under identical conditions. Tissue and blood sampling were performed following a standardized protocol. A one-step lipid extraction, methylation and trans-esterification method with subsequent gas chromatography was used to analyse the total lipid content and fatty acid profile of retroperitoneal, mesocolon and subcutaneous adipose tissue, liver and plasma. Fatty acids were grouped according to their degree of saturation and their conjugated double bond into the respective lipid classes. In the adipose tissues, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (n-9 MUFAs) were most present in ponies and horses. N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), followed by SFAs, were most frequently found in liver tissue and plasma in all animals. Horses, in comparison to ponies, had significantly higher n-6 PUFA levels in all tissues and plasma. In liver tissue, horses had significantly lower hepatic iso-branched-chain fatty acids (iso-BCFAs) than ponies. The hepatic fatty acid composition of selected lipid classes was different between horses and ponies. In the polar PL fraction, horses had low n-9 MUFA and n-3 PUFA contents but higher n-6 PUFA contents than ponies. Furthermore, iso-BCFAs are absent in several hepatic lipid fractions of horses but not ponies. The differences in fatty acid lipid classes between horses and ponies provide key information on the species- and location-specific regulation of FA ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of body weight gain on hepatic metabolism and hepatic inflammatory cytokines in comparison of Shetland pony geldings and Warmblood horse geldings

Carola Schedlbauer / Dominique Blaue / Martin Gericke / Matthias Blüher / Janine Starzonek / Claudia Gittel / Walter Brehm / Ingrid Vervuert

PeerJ, Vol 7, p e

2019 Volume 7069

Abstract: Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is known as determining part of human obesity. The impact of body weight (BW) gain on liver metabolism has not been extensively investigated yet. Objectives To investigate hepatic alterations caused by ... ...

Abstract	Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is known as determining part of human obesity. The impact of body weight (BW) gain on liver metabolism has not been extensively investigated yet. Objectives To investigate hepatic alterations caused by increasing BW in ponies and horses. Animals A total of 19 non-obese equines (10 Shetland ponies, geldings; nine Warmblood horses, geldings). Methods Animals received 200% of their metabolizable maintenance energy requirements for 2 years. Serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities and bile acids were analyzed several times during 2 years of hypercaloric diet. Hepatic lipid content and hepatic levels of the interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), cluster of differentiation (CD) 68, IL-1β, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid-binding protein 1, chemerin and nuclear factor-κB mRNAs were assessed at the start of the study and after 1 and 2 years of excess energy intake. Results The mean (±SD) BW gain recorded during 2 years of excess energy intake was 29.9 ± 19.4% for ponies and 17 ± 6.74% for horses. The hepatic lipid content was not profoundly affected by increasing BW. Levels of the IL-6, TNFα, CD68 and IL-1β mRNAs did not change during BW gain. Levels of the chemerin mRNA increased significantly in both breeds (ponies: P = 0.02; horses: P = 0.02) in response to BW gain. Significant differences in serum GLDH and AST activities, serum bile acid concentrations and hepatic levels of the LPL mRNA were observed between ponies and horses at the end of the study. Conclusions Chemerin might represent an interesting marker for future equine obesity research. Interestingly, steatosis caused by increasing BW may occur later in the development of obesity in equines than in humans. Additionally, the hepatic metabolism exhibits differences between ponies and horses, which may explain in part the greater susceptibility of ponies to obesity-associated metabolic dysregulations.
Keywords	Energy intake ; Liver metabolism ; Obesity ; Equids ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mechanical Ventilation Strategies Targeting Different Magnitudes of Collapse and Tidal Recruitment in Porcine Acid Aspiration-Induced Lung Injury

Juliane Haase / Dorina C. Buchloh / Sören Hammermüller / Peter Salz / Julia Mrongowius / Nadja C. Carvalho / Alessandro Beda / Anna Rau / Henning Starke / Peter M. Spieth / Claudia Gittel / Thomas Muders / Hermann Wrigge / Andreas W. Reske

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 8, p

2019 Volume 1250

Abstract: Reducing ventilator-associated lung injury by individualized mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) remains a matter of research. We randomly assigned 27 pigs with acid aspiration-induced ARDS to three ... ...

Abstract	Reducing ventilator-associated lung injury by individualized mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) remains a matter of research. We randomly assigned 27 pigs with acid aspiration-induced ARDS to three different MV protocols for 24 h, targeting different magnitudes of collapse and tidal recruitment (collapse&TR): the ARDS-network (ARDSnet) group with low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) protocol (permissive collapse&TR); the Open Lung Concept (OLC) group, PaO 2 /FiO 2 >400 mmHg, indicating collapse&TR <10%; and the minimized collapse&TR monitored by Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) group, standard deviation of regional ventilation delay, SD RVD . We analyzed cardiorespiratory parameters, computed tomography (CT), EIT, and post-mortem histology. Mean PEEP over post-randomization measurements was significantly lower in the ARDSnet group at 6.8 ± 1.0 cmH 2 O compared to the EIT (21.1 ± 2.6 cmH 2 O) and OLC (18.7 ± 3.2 cmH 2 O) groups (general linear model (GLM) p < 0.001). Collapse&TR and SD RVD , averaged over all post-randomization measurements, were significantly lower in the EIT and OLC groups than in the ARDSnet group (collapse p < 0.001, TR p = 0.006, SD RVD p < 0.004). Global histological diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) scores in the ARDSnet group (10.1 ± 4.3) exceeded those in the EIT (8.4 ± 3.7) and OLC groups (6.3 ± 3.3) ( p = 0.16). Sub-scores for edema and inflammation differed significantly (ANOVA p < 0.05). In a clinically realistic model of early ARDS with recruitable and nonrecruitable collapse, mechanical ventilation involving recruitment and high-PEEP reduced collapse&TR and resulted in improved hemodynamic and physiological conditions with a tendency to reduced histologic lung damage.
Keywords	acute respiratory distress syndrome ; lung protective mechanical ventilation ; positive end-expiratory pressure ; lung recruitment ; electrical impedance tomography ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	290 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Longitudinal Cell Tracking and Simultaneous Monitoring of Tissue Regeneration after Cell Treatment of Natural Tendon Disease by Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Dagmar Berner / Walter Brehm / Kerstin Gerlach / Claudia Gittel / Julia Offhaus / Felicitas Paebst / Doreen Scharner / Janina Burk

Stem Cells International, Vol

2016 Volume 2016

Abstract: Treatment of tendon disease with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is a promising option to improve tissue regeneration. To elucidate the mechanisms by which MSC support regeneration, longitudinal tracking of MSC labelled with superparamagnetic ...

Abstract	Treatment of tendon disease with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is a promising option to improve tissue regeneration. To elucidate the mechanisms by which MSC support regeneration, longitudinal tracking of MSC labelled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could provide important insight. Nine equine patients suffering from tendon disease were treated with SPIO-labelled or nonlabelled allogeneic umbilical cord-derived MSC by local injection. Labelling of MSC was confirmed by microscopy and MRI. All animals were subjected to clinical, ultrasonographical, and low-field MRI examinations before and directly after MSC application as well as 2, 4, and 8 weeks after MSC application. Hypointense artefacts with characteristically low signal intensity were identified at the site of injection of SPIO-MSC in T1- and T2∗-weighted gradient echo MRI sequences. They were visible in all 7 cases treated with SPIO-MSC directly after injection, but not in the control cases treated with nonlabelled MSC. Furthermore, hypointense artefacts remained traceable within the damaged tendon tissue during the whole follow-up period in 5 out of 7 cases. Tendon healing could be monitored at the same time. Clinical and ultrasonographical findings as well as T2-weighted MRI series indicated a gradual improvement of tendon function and structure.
Keywords	Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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