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  1. Article ; Online: Investigating the Effect of Weather Events on Primary Care Clinicians Across the United States.

    Callen, Elisabeth F / Clay, Tarin L

    Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

    2024  Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 95–104

    Abstract: Background: When we consider weather impacts, we mainly consider how the event affects the person, not the clinicians treating them. There is a paucity of studies discussing the effect of weather on the clinicians and the care of their patients.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: When we consider weather impacts, we mainly consider how the event affects the person, not the clinicians treating them. There is a paucity of studies discussing the effect of weather on the clinicians and the care of their patients.
    Methods: A survey covering weather effects was distributed to American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network (AAFP NRN) members in August 2020. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact tests were completed on the survey responses. Postsurvey interviews were conducted with selected respondents about specific weather events.
    Results: Survey respondents were US physicians (88.7%) and 84.9% indicated more than 1 type of event has affected their practice. Respondents were most affected by snow/snowstorm (81.1%) and indicated they had to close for the day or longer and staff were unable to make it into clinic (79.2%). Respondents indicated respiratory (94.5%), mental health (81.8%), and musculoskeletal conditions (50.9%) were most affected by weather. Interviews with selected respondents covered weather topics including winter, summer, and flooding.
    Discussion: Survey respondents/interviewees indicated weather affects them in a variety of ways including issues with patients' conditions and practice effects. Clinicians have noticed a change to their areas' weather over the years, but, generally, warming is occurring.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Physicians, Family ; Weather ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Mental Health ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2239939-2
    ISSN 1558-7118 ; 1557-2625
    ISSN (online) 1558-7118
    ISSN 1557-2625
    DOI 10.3122/jabfm.2023.230128R2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Building physician wellness into the culture: evaluating a family physician well-being programme using the physician wellness inventory.

    Clay, Tarin L / Mabachi, Natabhona M / Callen, Elisabeth F

    Family practice

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose: Family physicians have a higher incidence of burnout, dissatisfaction, and disengagement compared to other medical specialties. Addressing burnout on the individual and systemic level is important to promoting wellness and preventing ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Family physicians have a higher incidence of burnout, dissatisfaction, and disengagement compared to other medical specialties. Addressing burnout on the individual and systemic level is important to promoting wellness and preventing deleterious effects on physicians and patients. We used the Physician Wellness Inventory (PWI) to assess the effects of a wellness programme designed to equip family physicians with skills to address burnout.
    Methods: The PWI is a fourteen-item 5-point Likert scale broken down into 3 scores; (i) career purpose, (ii) cognitive flexibility, and (iii) distress. The PWI was distributed to a cohort of n = 111 family physician scholars at 3 time points: January 2021, May-June 2021, and October 2021. The response rate was 96.4% at baseline, and 72.1% overall. Demographic information was collected to assess differences. The survey was distributed online through Qualtrics (Provo, UT).
    Results: Cognitive Flexibility scores at the endpoint were higher for POC scholars than white scholars (P = 0.024). Distress scores for all groups decreased over time. Female scholars were more nervous, and anxious at the start than male scholars (P = 0.012), which decreased over time (P = 0.022). New career scholars were more likely than later career scholars to be distressed (P = 0.007), but both groups' distress decreased over time (P = 0.003). Later career scholars' feelings of being bothered by little interest or pleasure in doing things decreased more than new career scholars (endpoint: P = 0.022; overall: P = 0.023).
    Conclusions: The wellness programme shows improvement in PWI scores, indicating the programme content should be evaluated further for system level improvements.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605939-9
    ISSN 1460-2229 ; 0263-2136
    ISSN (online) 1460-2229
    ISSN 0263-2136
    DOI 10.1093/fampra/cmae024
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Differences in Primary Care Management of Patients With Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Based on Race and Ethnicity.

    Alai, Jillian / Callen, Elisabeth F / Clay, Tarin / Goodman, David W / Adler, Lenard A / Faraone, Stephen V

    Journal of attention disorders

    2024  Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 923–935

    Abstract: Objective: Examine differences in care patterns around adult ADHD between race (White/Non-White) and ethnic (Hispanic/Non-Hispanic) groups utilizing existing quality measures (QMs), concerning diagnosis, treatment, and medication prescribing.: Methods! ...

    Abstract Objective: Examine differences in care patterns around adult ADHD between race (White/Non-White) and ethnic (Hispanic/Non-Hispanic) groups utilizing existing quality measures (QMs), concerning diagnosis, treatment, and medication prescribing.
    Methods: The AAFP National Research Network in partnership with SUNY Upstate Medical used an EHR dataset to evaluate achievement of 10 ADHD QMs. The dataset was obtained from DARTNet Institute and includes 4 million patients of 873 behavioral and primary care practices with at least 100 patients from 2010 to 2020. Patients 18-years or older with adult ADHD were included in this analysis.
    Results: White patients and Non-Hispanic/Latinx patients were more likely to achieve these QMs than Non-White patients and Hispanic/Latinx patients, respectively. Differences between groups concerning medication and monitoring demonstrate a disparity for Non-White and Hispanic/Latinx populations.
    Conclusions: Using QMs in EHR data can help identify gaps in ADHD research. There is a need to continue investigating disparities of quality adult ADHD care.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Ethnicity ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Hispanic or Latino ; Drug Prescriptions ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2004350-8
    ISSN 1557-1246 ; 1087-0547
    ISSN (online) 1557-1246
    ISSN 1087-0547
    DOI 10.1177/10870547231218038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Quantifying diagnosis and treatment practices of opioid use disorder in primary care practices using chart review data.

    Callen, Elisabeth F / Clay, Tarin / Lutgen, Cory / Robertson, Elise / Staton, Elizabeth W / Filippi, Melissa K

    Journal of addictive diseases

    2024  , Page(s) 1–8

    Abstract: Background: Opioid misuse is a significant public health crisis. The aim sought to identify potential gaps in opioid care in primary care practices.: Methods: American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) offered a monthly online educational series to ...

    Abstract Background: Opioid misuse is a significant public health crisis. The aim sought to identify potential gaps in opioid care in primary care practices.
    Methods: American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) offered a monthly online educational series to seven U.S. practices. Practices were asked to complete up to 50 chart reviews for visits during two periods: February-April, 2019, and February-April, 2022. Each chart had to have an ICD-10 diagnosis of opioid misuse, opioid dependence, or opioid use. Chart reviews consisted of 14 questions derived from an American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry (AAAP) Performance in Practice activity, and then, scored based on practices' responses. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic and multinomial regressions were used.
    Results: Both periods had 173 chart reviews (total: 346) from the six practices. Most chart reviews were for patients with a diagnosis of opioid dependence (2019: 90.2%; 2022: 83.2%). Three questions for assessing OUD treatment behaviors had high levels of documentation across both time periods (>85%): other drug use, treatment readiness, and treatment discussion.
    Discussion: Results show a gap in the treatment of patients with OUD in primary care across several clinical practice recommendations.
    Conclusions: Expanding OUD treatment integration to primary care remains the most promising effort to combat the opioid crisis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1077616-3
    ISSN 1545-0848 ; 1055-0887
    ISSN (online) 1545-0848
    ISSN 1055-0887
    DOI 10.1080/10550887.2024.2327728
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Implementation and Evaluation of Primary Care Team Participation in Opioid Use Disorder Learning Sessions.

    Lutgen, Cory / Callen, Elisabeth / Robertson, Elise / Clay, Tarin / Filippi, Melissa K

    Substance abuse

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 51–61

    Abstract: Introduction: Previous studies show that some primary care clinicians do not feel equipped to treat patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). This study addressed the gaps in confidence and knowledge of primary care physicians and other participants (i.e. ...

    Abstract Introduction: Previous studies show that some primary care clinicians do not feel equipped to treat patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). This study addressed the gaps in confidence and knowledge of primary care physicians and other participants (i.e., participants who were not physicians) in diagnosing, treating, prescribing, and educating patients with OUD through interactive learning sessions.
    Methods: The American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network held monthly OUD learning sessions from September 2021 to March 2022 with physicians and other participants (n = 31) from 7 practices. Participants took baseline (n = 31), post-session (n = 11-20), and post-intervention (n = 21) surveys. Questions focused on confidence, knowledge, among others. We used non-parametric tests to compare individual responses pre-versus-post participation as well as to compare responses between groups.
    Results: All participants experienced significant changes in confidence and knowledge for most topics covered in the series. When comparing physicians to other participants, physicians had greater increases in confidence in dosing and monitoring for diversion (
    Conclusion: Through participating in interactive OUD learning sessions, knowledge and confidence increased among physicians and other participants. These changes may impact participants' decisions to diagnose, treat, prescribe, and educate patients with OUD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Learning ; Physicians, Family ; Opioid-Related Disorders/therapy ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1458030-5
    ISSN 1547-0164 ; 0889-7077
    ISSN (online) 1547-0164
    ISSN 0889-7077
    DOI 10.1177/08897077231174675
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Measuring Quality Care for Adult ADHD Patients: How Much Does Gender and Gender Identity Matter?

    Clay, Tarin / Callen, Elisabeth F / Alai, Jill / Goodman, David W / Adler, Lenard A / Faraone, Stephen V

    Journal of attention disorders

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 364–376

    Abstract: Objective: Studies show adult ADHD presents differently in men and women, however few studies contrast ADHD in cisgender and gender diverse adults. We assessed care differences between these groups using previously identified quality measures (QMs).: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Studies show adult ADHD presents differently in men and women, however few studies contrast ADHD in cisgender and gender diverse adults. We assessed care differences between these groups using previously identified quality measures (QMs).
    Methods: Using EHR data, we matched a group of male ADHD patients to a female group. We followed the same procedure with a cisgender group and one identified as gender diverse through a gender dysphoria diagnosis. QM achievement was measured using logistic regression models.
    Results: Most QMs exhibited increasing achievement over time for all groups. Variations in care quality between males and females persisted, with female patients achieving QMs more often. There were no appreciable differences between the cisgender and gender diverse groups.
    Conclusion: Though quality care for adult ADHD improved from 2010 to 2020, differences between male and female patients lingered. This effect was not observed in cisgender and gender diverse patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Gender Identity ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy ; Quality of Health Care ; Achievement
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2004350-8
    ISSN 1557-1246 ; 1087-0547
    ISSN (online) 1557-1246
    ISSN 1087-0547
    DOI 10.1177/10870547231218449
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The Role of Age in Adult ADHD Quality Care: A Longitudinal Analysis of Electronic Health Record Data.

    Callen, Elisabeth F / Clay, Tarin / Alai, Jillian / Goodman, David W / Adler, Lenard A / Faraone, Stephen V

    Journal of attention disorders

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 913–922

    Abstract: Objective: Several studies have shown that Adult ADHD presents differently in younger and older adults. We sought to assess the difference in care between these two groups using previously identified quality measures (QMs).: Methods: Using electronic ...

    Abstract Objective: Several studies have shown that Adult ADHD presents differently in younger and older adults. We sought to assess the difference in care between these two groups using previously identified quality measures (QMs).
    Methods: Using electronic health record data, we matched a younger group of ADHD patients to an older group. We then assessed the achievement of the QMs using probit models with and without interaction terms.
    Results: The majority of QMs shown an increase in achievement for both groups over time. However, significant differences in quality of care between younger and older adult ADHD patients persisted. By the end of the study period, with the exception of three QMs, younger patients achieved the QMs more.
    Conclusion: While, in general, the quality of care for adult ADHD increased from 2010 to 2020, there were still differences in care between younger and older adult ADHD patients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy ; Electronic Health Records ; Quality of Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2004350-8
    ISSN 1557-1246 ; 1087-0547
    ISSN (online) 1557-1246
    ISSN 1087-0547
    DOI 10.1177/10870547231218042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Progress and Pitfalls in the Provision of Quality Care for Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care.

    Callen, Elisabeth F / Clay, Tarin L / Alai, Jillian / Goodman, David W / Adler, Lenard A / Shields, Joel / Faraone, Stephen V

    Journal of attention disorders

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 575–582

    Abstract: Objective: Quality care for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has lagged behind other psychiatric disorders. We sought to assess how the achievement of quality measures (QMs) for diagnosing and treating ADHD in adults has changed ...

    Abstract Objective: Quality care for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has lagged behind other psychiatric disorders. We sought to assess how the achievement of quality measures (QMs) for diagnosing and treating ADHD in adults has changed over time.
    Method: We assessed 10 QMs in electronic health records (EHRs) from primary care and behavioral health clinics from 2010 to 2020 for 71,310 patients diagnosed with ADHD.
    Results: The achievement of QMs increased over time (
    Conclusion: Increase in quality care from 2010 to 2020 along with clear evidence that more efforts are needed to improve quality of care for adults with ADHD seen in primary care.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy ; Quality of Health Care ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2004350-8
    ISSN 1557-1246 ; 1087-0547
    ISSN (online) 1557-1246
    ISSN 1087-0547
    DOI 10.1177/10870547231155875
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Migraine care practices in primary care: results from a national US survey.

    Callen, Elisabeth / Clay, Tarin / Alai, Jillian / Crawford, Paul / Visconti, Adam / Nederveld, Andrea / Cruz, Inez / Perez, Bailey / Roper, Karen L / Oser, Tamara K / Saint Laurent, May-Lorie / Jabbarpour, Yalda

    Family practice

    2023  

    Abstract: Background: Primary care clinicians play a critical role in diagnosis and treatment of migraine, yet barriers exist. This national survey assessed barriers to diagnosis and treatment of migraine, preferred approaches to receiving migraine education, and ...

    Abstract Background: Primary care clinicians play a critical role in diagnosis and treatment of migraine, yet barriers exist. This national survey assessed barriers to diagnosis and treatment of migraine, preferred approaches to receiving migraine education, and familiarity with recent therapeutic innovations.
    Methods: The survey was created by the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) and Eli Lilly and Company and distributed to a national sample through the AAFP National Research Network and affiliated PBRNs from mid-April through the end of May 2021. Initial analyses were descriptive statistics, ANOVAs, and Chi-Square tests. Individual and multivariate models were completed for: adult patients seen in a week; respondent years since residency; and adult patients with migraine seen in a week.
    Results: Respondents who saw fewer patients were more likely to indicate unclear patient histories were a barrier to diagnosing. Respondents who saw more patients with migraine were more likely to indicate the priority of other comorbidities and insufficient time were barriers to diagnosing. Respondents who had been out of residency longer were more likely to change a treatment plan due to attack impact, quality of life, and medication cost. Respondents who had been out of residency shorter were more likely to prefer to learn from migraine/headache research scientists and use paper headache diaries.
    Conclusions: Results demonstrate differences in familiarity with migraine diagnosis and treatment options based on patients seen and years since residency. To maximise appropriate diagnosis within primary care, targeted efforts to increase familiarity and decrease barriers to migraine care should be implemented.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605939-9
    ISSN 1460-2229 ; 0263-2136
    ISSN (online) 1460-2229
    ISSN 0263-2136
    DOI 10.1093/fampra/cmad054
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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