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  1. Article ; Online: Factors influencing space-use and kill distribution of sympatric lion prides in a semi-arid savanna landscape.

    Tarugara, Allan / Clegg, Bruce W / Clegg, Sarah B

    PeerJ

    2024  Volume 12, Page(s) e16749

    Abstract: Understanding lions' ( ...

    Abstract Understanding lions' (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Lions/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Grassland ; Animals, Wild ; Water
    Chemical Substances Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703241-3
    ISSN 2167-8359 ; 2167-8359
    ISSN (online) 2167-8359
    ISSN 2167-8359
    DOI 10.7717/peerj.16749
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: An outbreak of

    Tarugara, Allan / Mandinyenya, Bob / Clegg, Bruce W

    Ecology and evolution

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 12, Page(s) e10790

    Abstract: The larvae of speckled emperor moths ( ...

    Abstract The larvae of speckled emperor moths (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.10790
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Emergent trees in

    O'Connor, Timothy / Ferguson, Angela / Clegg, Bruce W / Pallett, Nita / Midgley, Jeremy J / Shimbani, Julius

    PeerJ

    2024  Volume 12, Page(s) e16961

    Abstract: Colophospermum ... ...

    Abstract Colophospermum mopane
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Trees ; Elephants ; Forests ; Plants ; Fabaceae
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703241-3
    ISSN 2167-8359 ; 2167-8359
    ISSN (online) 2167-8359
    ISSN 2167-8359
    DOI 10.7717/peerj.16961
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: The effect of competing carnivores on the feeding behaviour of leopards (

    Tarugara, Allan / Clegg, Bruce W / Gandiwa, Edson / Muposhi, Victor K

    Ecology and evolution

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 12, Page(s) 7743–7753

    Abstract: Knowledge of competition dynamics among Africa's large carnivores is important for conservation. However, investigating carnivore behaviour in the field can be challenging especially for species that are difficult to access. Methods that enable remote ... ...

    Abstract Knowledge of competition dynamics among Africa's large carnivores is important for conservation. However, investigating carnivore behaviour in the field can be challenging especially for species that are difficult to access. Methods that enable remote collection of data provide a means of recording natural behaviour and are therefore useful for studying elusive species such as leopards (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.7608
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Vegetation classification for the management of large mammalian herbivores: a case study at Mushingashi Conservancy, Central Province, Zambia

    Clegg, Bruce W / O’Connor, Timothy G / Manson, Alan D

    African journal of range & forage science. 2021 Oct. 02, v. 38, no. 4

    2021  

    Abstract: The vegetation of Mushingashi Conservancy in central Zambia was classified and mapped to provide a template for wildlife management. Putative vegetation types were delineated using Landsat 8 imagery, then sampled with 73 plots for vegetation composition ... ...

    Abstract The vegetation of Mushingashi Conservancy in central Zambia was classified and mapped to provide a template for wildlife management. Putative vegetation types were delineated using Landsat 8 imagery, then sampled with 73 plots for vegetation composition and structure, and topo-edaphic properties. Classification followed a four-stage process. Valley dambo and floodplain grasslands were first separated as landscape units from wooded plots. Hierarchical cluster analysis was then used to identify 13 vegetation types based on woody composition and structure. Convex hull plots on a principal component analysis biplot successfully delineated the topo-edaphic environment and woody structure of each type. Linear discriminant analysis confirmed differences in topo-edaphic environment among types. The main environmental gradient was from vertic clays, supporting open Acacia woodland, to sandy soils, supporting miombo woodland, but other gradients were also important. Of a total of 193 woody species recorded, 25 occurred only on large termitaria. An influence of environmental gradients independent of plant-available moisture and nutrients is emphasised. Total woody cover decreased conspicuously on clay-rich soils with increased water availability. A functional vegetation classification of this nature is considered an essential first step towards the informed management of rangeland for large herbivores. Potential applications for management are discussed.
    Keywords Acacia ; Landsat ; botanical composition ; case studies ; cluster analysis ; discriminant analysis ; floodplains ; forage and feed science ; landscapes ; mammals ; principal component analysis ; range management ; termite mounds ; wildlife management ; woodlands ; woody plants ; Zambia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1002
    Size p. 247-269.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1160792-0
    ISSN 1727-9380 ; 1022-0119 ; 0256-6702
    ISSN (online) 1727-9380
    ISSN 1022-0119 ; 0256-6702
    DOI 10.2989/10220119.2020.1827455
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 5057: Show issues

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  6. Article: A baited-camera trapping method for estimating the size and sex structure of African leopard (Panthera pardus) populations

    Joubert, Christoffel J / Tarugara, Allan / Clegg, Bruce W / Gandiwa, Edson / Muposhi, Victor K

    MethodsX. 2020, v. 7

    2020  

    Abstract: Amongst Africa's large predators, leopards (Panthera pardus) are arguably the most elusive carnivore. Information on the species is lacking in most areas where they are found. This is because leopards are largely solitary, cryptically coloured and ... ...

    Abstract Amongst Africa's large predators, leopards (Panthera pardus) are arguably the most elusive carnivore. Information on the species is lacking in most areas where they are found. This is because leopards are largely solitary, cryptically coloured and nocturnal making the collection of accurate population data difficult. As a result, population estimates from methods such as spoor and scat counts are less reliable. This is a concern because accurate census data are essential for informed policy and management of threatened species such as leopards. Camera trapping has emerged as a powerful tool for inventorying and monitoring carnivores in their natural habitats. Pictures from camera traps allow unambiguous individual identification making these data useful for generating accurate population estimates from capture-recapture analysis. Conventionally, camera trapping uses two cameras to record passing subjects at unbaited stations but the design usually suffers from low capture rates. Here we report on the Baited-Camera Trapping (BCT) method which uses bait and single cameras at sampling stations to survey free ranging leopards. Using bait to improve the quality of data collected in population studies is not a new strategy but arranging baits and cameras according to the BCT method is a novel approach to achieving this goal. We show that the method can significantly enhance capture rates, improve individual identification and reduce cost when sampling leopards. Furthermore, the method allows easy sex determination and collection of morphometric data from camera trap photographs. The BCT method has been tested in semi-arid savannas and we give recommendations for application in other environments and species.•The BCT method uses baits and single cameras to record leopards at sampling stations.•The provision of a leading pole enables easier individual identification and sex determination.•The method can be used to investigate multiple population monitoring questions which enhances its cost-benefit ratio.
    Keywords Panthera pardus ; camera trapping ; cameras ; carnivores ; census data ; color ; cost benefit analysis ; cost effectiveness ; data quality ; feces ; habitats ; issues and policy ; mark-recapture studies ; morphometry ; photographs ; predators ; savannas ; sex determination ; surveys ; threatened species ; Africa
    Language English
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2215-0161
    DOI 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101042
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: A baited-camera trapping method for estimating the size and sex structure of African leopard (

    Joubert, Christoffel J / Tarugara, Allan / Clegg, Bruce W / Gandiwa, Edson / Muposhi, Victor K

    MethodsX

    2020  Volume 7, Page(s) 101042

    Abstract: Amongst Africa's large predators, leopards ( ...

    Abstract Amongst Africa's large predators, leopards (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2215-0161
    ISSN 2215-0161
    DOI 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  8. Article: Determinants of seasonal changes in availability of food patches for elephants (

    Clegg, Bruce W / O'Connor, Timothy G

    PeerJ

    2017  Volume 5, Page(s) e3453

    Abstract: Loss of biodiversity caused by impact of elephants ( ...

    Abstract Loss of biodiversity caused by impact of elephants (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703241-3
    ISSN 2167-8359
    ISSN 2167-8359
    DOI 10.7717/peerj.3453
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Cost-benefit analysis of increasing sampling effort in a baited-camera trap survey of an African leopard (Panthera pardus) population

    Tarugara, Allan / Clegg, Bruce W / Gandiwa, Edson / Muposhi, Victor K

    Global ecology and conservation. 2019 Apr., v. 18

    2019  

    Abstract: The use of baits at camera trap stations has been shown to increase capture rates in population surveys of large carnivores. This study set out to establish the most cost-effective density and duration of sampling for baited-camera trapping (BCT) of ... ...

    Abstract The use of baits at camera trap stations has been shown to increase capture rates in population surveys of large carnivores. This study set out to establish the most cost-effective density and duration of sampling for baited-camera trapping (BCT) of leopards in a semi-arid savanna environment. To determine this, we used batches of 30 BCT stations (sampling occasions) to survey a population of leopards (Panthera pardus) at Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve in south-eastern Zimbabwe from July to October 2017. We applied combinations of low to high sampling densities (2–7 occasions) and short to long sampling durations (2–14 days) and observed the effects on population estimates and cost of conducting the survey. Sixty-one leopards were identified from 4596 photographs collected over 2940 camera days. At the highest level of sampling (7 occasions and 14 days), 50 out of the 61 recorded individuals were captured more than twice indicating a near-complete survey, so the population estimate at this level (61; 95% CI = 61–67) was used as a benchmark to gauge accuracy of estimates from lower levels of effort. Accuracy and precision of population estimates stabilized over a range of efforts with 4 occasions and 9 days being the most cost-effective and sampling beyond this point incurring increased costs but negligible benefits. A minimum cost of US$47 km−2 was required to obtain a reliable estimate with running costs responding more to changes in sampling density than sampling duration. We concluded that using BCT stations at a density of 0.24 cameras km−2 for 9 days is optimal for censusing leopards in semi-arid savannas. Conducting a cost-benefit analysis may help researchers allocate resources and time within budget and technical constraints, ensuring that effort is not expended beyond what is economically or ecologically necessary.
    Keywords Panthera pardus ; cameras ; carnivores ; conservation areas ; cost benefit analysis ; cost effectiveness ; photographs ; savannas ; surveys ; trapping ; Zimbabwe
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-04
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2814786-8
    ISSN 2351-9894
    ISSN 2351-9894
    DOI 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00627
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: Harvesting and chewing as constraints to forage consumption by the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana).

    Clegg, Bruce W / O'Connor, Timothy G

    PeerJ

    2016  Volume 4, Page(s) e2469

    Abstract: As a foundation for understanding the diet of African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana), adult bulls and cows were observed over an annual cycle to determine whether harvesting (Pt ), chewing (Ct ) and handling times (Ht ) differed across food types ...

    Abstract As a foundation for understanding the diet of African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana), adult bulls and cows were observed over an annual cycle to determine whether harvesting (Pt ), chewing (Ct ) and handling times (Ht ) differed across food types and harvesting methods (handling time is defined as the time to harvest, chew and swallow a trunkload of food). Bulls and cows were observed 105 and 26 times, respectively (94 and 26 individuals), with a total of 64 h of feeding recorded across 32 vegetation types. Some food types took longer to harvest and chew than others, which may influence intake rate and affect choice of diet. The method used to gather a trunkload of food had a significant effect on harvesting time, with simple foraging actions being comparatively rapid and more difficult tasks taking longer. Handling time was constrained by chewing for bulls, except for the processing of roots from woody plants, which was limited by harvesting. Time to gather a trunkload had a greater influence on handling time for cows compared to bulls. Harvesting and handling times were longer for bulls than cows, with the sexes adopting foraging behaviors that best suited their energy requirements.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703241-3
    ISSN 2167-8359
    ISSN 2167-8359
    DOI 10.7717/peerj.2469
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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