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  1. Article ; Online: Discovery of NSD2-Degraders from Novel and Selective DEL Hits.

    LegaardAndersson, Jan / Christensen, Jesper / Kleine-Kohlbrecher, Daniela / Vacher Comet, Itys / Fullerton Støier, Jonatan / Antoku, Yasuko / Poljak, Visnja / Moretti, Loris / Dolberg, Johannes / Jacso, Tomas / Jensby Nielsen, Søren / Nørregaard-Madsen, Mads / Franch, Thomas / Helin, Kristian / Cloos, Paul A C

    Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 24, Page(s) e202300515

    Abstract: NSD2 is a histone methyltransferase predominantly catalyzing di-methylation of histone H3 on lysine K36. Increased NSD2 activity due to mutations or fusion-events affecting the gene encoding NSD2 is considered an oncogenic event and a driver in various ... ...

    Abstract NSD2 is a histone methyltransferase predominantly catalyzing di-methylation of histone H3 on lysine K36. Increased NSD2 activity due to mutations or fusion-events affecting the gene encoding NSD2 is considered an oncogenic event and a driver in various cancers, including multiple myelomas carrying t(4;14) chromosomal translocations and acute lymphoblastic leukemia's expressing the hyperactive NSD2 mutant E1099 K. Using DNA-encoded libraries, we have identified small molecule ligands that selectively and potently bind to the PWWP1 domain of NSD2, inhibit NSD2 binding to H3K36me2-bearing nucleosomes, but do not inhibit the methyltransferase activity. The ligands were subsequently converted to selective VHL1-recruiting NSD2 degraders and by using one of the most efficacious degraders in cell lines, we show that it leads to NSD2 degradation, decrease in K3 K36me2 levels and inhibition of cell proliferation.
    MeSH term(s) Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Nucleosomes ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Methylation
    Chemical Substances Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.43) ; Histones ; Nucleosomes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2020469-3
    ISSN 1439-7633 ; 1439-4227
    ISSN (online) 1439-7633
    ISSN 1439-4227
    DOI 10.1002/cbic.202300515
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Characterization of aged osteocalcin fragments derived from bone resorption.

    Cloos, Paul A C / Christgau, Stephan

    Clinical laboratory

    2004  Volume 50, Issue 9-10, Page(s) 585–598

    Abstract: Introduction: Osteocalcin (OC) is a small bone matrix protein exclusively found in mineralized tissue. OC measured in serum or plasma provides an index of bone formation. In the present study a sensitive inhibition ELISA was established that could ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Osteocalcin (OC) is a small bone matrix protein exclusively found in mineralized tissue. OC measured in serum or plasma provides an index of bone formation. In the present study a sensitive inhibition ELISA was established that could quantify fragments derived from the OC Mid-region in human urine.
    Methods: The ELISA was based on a monoclonal antibody directed against residues 21-29 of human OC (Mid-OC Urine ELISA). OC fragments were isolated from human urine by immunoaffinity chromatography. OC fragments were purified further by reversed phase high performance chromatography for characterization by N-terminal sequencing and mass-spectrometry. OC fragments were assayed in bone cell culture supernatants and in serum and urine from patients undergoing anti-resorptive bisphosphonate therapy using the Mid-OC urine ELISA.
    Results and conclusion: It was demonstrated that the release of OC fragments was highly correlated with osteoclast-mediated pit formation (r2= 0.89) and with an established marker of bone resorption (CTX; r2=0.91). Mid-OC values were decreased markedly after 3 and 10 days of anti-resorptive bisphosphonate treatment further indicating that the marker reflects bone resorption. The molecular characterization revealed that most of these molecules were less than 15 amino acids in length and many contained modified aspartyl residues (D-aspartyl and isoaspartyl) characteristic of aged proteins. The presence of such modifications shows that these molecules have resided in the bone matrix for an extended period and thus they cannot be derived directly from bone formation. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that OC-fragments are released during osteoclastic bone resorption and that the quantification of specific age-modified OC fragments can provide an index of bone resorption.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Bone Resorption/urine ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteitis Deformans/blood ; Osteitis Deformans/urine ; Osteocalcin/urine ; Peptide Fragments/urine
    Chemical Substances Peptide Fragments ; Osteocalcin (104982-03-8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1307629-2
    ISSN 1433-6510 ; 0941-2131
    ISSN 1433-6510 ; 0941-2131
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Post-translational modifications of proteins: implications for aging, antigen recognition, and autoimmunity.

    Cloos, Paul A C / Christgau, Stephan

    Biogerontology

    2004  Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) 139–158

    Abstract: Proteins are complex organic molecules susceptible to numerous post-translational modifications occurring spontaneously during aging or as a consequence of physiologic or pathologic processes. Antigenicity and interactions of proteins with components of ... ...

    Abstract Proteins are complex organic molecules susceptible to numerous post-translational modifications occurring spontaneously during aging or as a consequence of physiologic or pathologic processes. Antigenicity and interactions of proteins with components of the immune system may be profoundly affected by post-translational modifications. Thus, modified self-antigens may be absent (not-tolerated) during early T-cell selection and trigger reactions by the immune system as they arise later in life. In turn, this may play a role in the initiation and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This Review article presents an overview of protein modifications that have been shown to affect antigenicity and presentation of protein antigens in autoimmune diseases. The relevance of these observations is discussed, and the implications for future prophylactic and therapeutic interventions are outlined.
    MeSH term(s) Aging/metabolism ; Antigens/immunology ; Autoimmunity ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Isomerism ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Oxidative Stress ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/immunology ; Proteins/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism
    Chemical Substances Antigens ; Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2047160-9
    ISSN 1389-5729
    ISSN 1389-5729
    DOI 10.1023/B:BGEN.0000031152.31352.8b
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Current and future applications of bone turnover markers.

    Christgau, Stephan / Cloos, Paul A C

    Clinical laboratory

    2003  Volume 49, Issue 9-10, Page(s) 439–446

    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone Resorption ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1307629-2
    ISSN 1433-6510 ; 0941-2131
    ISSN 1433-6510 ; 0941-2131
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Non-enzymatic covalent modifications of proteins: mechanisms, physiological consequences and clinical applications.

    Cloos, Paul A C / Christgau, Stephan

    Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology

    2002  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 39–52

    Abstract: Given the complexity of the biosynthetic machinery and the delicate chemical composition of proteins, it is remarkable that cells manage to produce and maintain normally functioning proteins under most conditions. However, it is now well known that ... ...

    Abstract Given the complexity of the biosynthetic machinery and the delicate chemical composition of proteins, it is remarkable that cells manage to produce and maintain normally functioning proteins under most conditions. However, it is now well known that proteins are susceptible to various non-enzymatic covalent modifications (NECM) under physiological conditions. Such modifications can be of no or little importance to the protein or they can be absolutely detrimental. Often NECM are difficult to study due to the complex and technically demanding methods required to identify many of these modifications. Thus, the role of NECM has not yet been adequately resolved but recent research has allowed a better understanding of such modifications. The present review outlines the various forms of NECM that involve covalent modifications of proteins, and discusses their relevance, biological impact and potential applications in the study of protein turnover and diagnosis of disease.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Glycation End Products, Advanced/chemistry ; Glycation End Products, Advanced/physiology ; Humans ; Isomerism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/chemistry ; Proteins/physiology
    Chemical Substances Cross-Linking Reagents ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-01-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1183793-7
    ISSN 1569-1802 ; 0945-053X
    ISSN (online) 1569-1802
    ISSN 0945-053X
    DOI 10.1016/s0945-053x(01)00188-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The Demethylase JMJD2C Localizes to H3K4me3-Positive Transcription Start Sites and Is Dispensable for Embryonic Development

    Pedersen, Marianne Terndrup / Agger, Karl / Laugesen, Anne / Johansen, Jens V. / Cloos, Paul A. C. / Christensen, Jesper / Helin, Kristian

    Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2014 Mar. 1, v. 34, no. 6 p.1031-1045

    2014  

    Abstract: The histone demethylase JMJD2C, also known as KDM4C/GASC1, has activity against methylated H3K9 and H3K36 and is amplified and/or overexpressed in human cancers. By the generation of Jmjd2c knockout mice, we demonstrate that loss of Jmjd2c is compatible ... ...

    Abstract The histone demethylase JMJD2C, also known as KDM4C/GASC1, has activity against methylated H3K9 and H3K36 and is amplified and/or overexpressed in human cancers. By the generation of Jmjd2c knockout mice, we demonstrate that loss of Jmjd2c is compatible with cellular proliferation, embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal, and embryonic development. Moreover, we report that JMJD2C localizes to H3K4me3-positive transcription start sites in both primary cells and in the human carcinoma KYSE150 cell line containing an amplification of the JMJD2C locus. Binding is dependent on the double Tudor domain of JMJD2C, which recognizes H3K4me3 but not H4K20me2/me3 in vitro, showing a binding specificity different from that of the double Tudor domains of JMJD2A and JMJD2B. Depletion of JMJD2C in KYSE150 cells has a modest effect on H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 levels but impairs proliferation and leads to deregulated expression of a subset of target genes involved in cell cycle progression. Taking these findings together, we show that JMJD2C is targeted to H3K4me3-positive transcription start sites, where it can contribute to transcriptional regulation, and report that the putative oncogene JMJD2C generally is not required for cellular proliferation or embryonic development.
    Keywords carcinoma ; cell cycle ; cell lines ; cell proliferation ; embryogenesis ; embryonic stem cells ; histone demethylases ; humans ; loci ; methylation ; oncogenes ; transcription (genetics)
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-0301
    Size p. 1031-1045.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 779397-2
    ISSN 1098-5549 ; 0270-7306
    ISSN (online) 1098-5549
    ISSN 0270-7306
    DOI 10.1128/MCB.00864-13
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Erasing the methyl mark: histone demethylases at the center of cellular differentiation and disease.

    Cloos, Paul A C / Christensen, Jesper / Agger, Karl / Helin, Kristian

    Genes & development

    2008  Volume 22, Issue 9, Page(s) 1115–1140

    Abstract: The enzymes catalyzing lysine and arginine methylation of histones are essential for maintaining transcriptional programs and determining cell fate and identity. Until recently, histone methylation was regarded irreversible. However, within the last few ... ...

    Abstract The enzymes catalyzing lysine and arginine methylation of histones are essential for maintaining transcriptional programs and determining cell fate and identity. Until recently, histone methylation was regarded irreversible. However, within the last few years, several families of histone demethylases erasing methyl marks associated with gene repression or activation have been identified, underscoring the plasticity and dynamic nature of histone methylation. Recent discoveries have revealed that histone demethylases take part in large multiprotein complexes synergizing with histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, and nuclear receptors to control developmental and transcriptional programs. Here we review the emerging biochemical and biological functions of the histone demethylases and discuss their potential involvement in human diseases, including cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Aging ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Methylation ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/classification ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/metabolism ; Phylogeny
    Chemical Substances Histones ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating (EC 1.5.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 806684-x
    ISSN 1549-5477 ; 0890-9369
    ISSN (online) 1549-5477
    ISSN 0890-9369
    DOI 10.1101/gad.1652908
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Mutant FOXL2

    Weis-Banke, Stine E / Lerdrup, Mads / Kleine-Kohlbrecher, Daniela / Mohammad, Faizaan / Sidoli, Simone / Jensen, Ole N / Yanase, Toshihiko / Nakamura, Tomoko / Iwase, Akira / Stylianou, Anthe / Abu-Rustum, Nadeem R / Aghajanian, Carol / Soslow, Robert / Da Cruz Paula, Arnaud / Koche, Richard P / Weigelt, Britta / Christensen, Jesper / Helin, Kristian / Cloos, Paul A C

    Cancer research

    2020  Volume 80, Issue 17, Page(s) 3466–3479

    Abstract: The mutant protein ... ...

    Abstract The mutant protein FOXL2
    MeSH term(s) Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics ; Female ; Forkhead Box Protein L2/genetics ; Forkhead Box Protein L2/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Granulosa Cell Tumor/genetics ; Granulosa Cell Tumor/metabolism ; Granulosa Cell Tumor/pathology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Smad Proteins/metabolism ; Smad2 Protein/metabolism ; Smad3 Protein/metabolism ; Smad4 Protein/metabolism
    Chemical Substances FOXL2 protein, human ; Forkhead Box Protein L2 ; SMAD2 protein, human ; SMAD3 protein, human ; SMAD4 protein, human ; Smad Proteins ; Smad2 Protein ; Smad3 Protein ; Smad4 Protein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1432-1
    ISSN 1538-7445 ; 0008-5472
    ISSN (online) 1538-7445
    ISSN 0008-5472
    DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-0259
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: The emerging functions of histone demethylases.

    Agger, Karl / Christensen, Jesper / Cloos, Paul A C / Helin, Kristian

    Current opinion in genetics & development

    2008  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 159–168

    Abstract: Epigenetic information refers to heritable changes in gene function that are stable between cell divisions but which is not a result of changes in the DNA sequence. Part of the epigenetic mechanism has been ascribed to modifications of histones or DNA ... ...

    Abstract Epigenetic information refers to heritable changes in gene function that are stable between cell divisions but which is not a result of changes in the DNA sequence. Part of the epigenetic mechanism has been ascribed to modifications of histones or DNA that affects the transcription of specific genes. In this context, post-translational modifications of histone tails, in particular methylation of lysines, are regarded as important for the storage of epigenetic information. Regulation of this information plays an important role during cellular differentiation where cells with different characteristic features evolve from the same ancestor, despite identical genomic material. The characterization of several enzymes catalyzing histone lysine methylation have supported this concept by showing the requirement of these enzymes for normal development and their involvement in diseases such as cancer. The recent identification of proteins with histone demethylase activity has shown that the methylated mark is much more dynamic than previously anticipated, thereby potentially challenging the concept of histone-methylation in stable epigenetic programming.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Methylation ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/classification ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/genetics ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/metabolism ; Phylogeny
    Chemical Substances Histones ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating (EC 1.5.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1077312-5
    ISSN 1879-0380 ; 0959-437X
    ISSN (online) 1879-0380
    ISSN 0959-437X
    DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2007.12.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: The demethylase JMJD2C localizes to H3K4me3-positive transcription start sites and is dispensable for embryonic development.

    Pedersen, Marianne Terndrup / Agger, Karl / Laugesen, Anne / Johansen, Jens V / Cloos, Paul A C / Christensen, Jesper / Helin, Kristian

    Molecular and cellular biology

    2014  Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) 1031–1045

    Abstract: The histone demethylase JMJD2C, also known as KDM4C/GASC1, has activity against methylated H3K9 and H3K36 and is amplified and/or overexpressed in human cancers. By the generation of Jmjd2c knockout mice, we demonstrate that loss of Jmjd2c is compatible ... ...

    Abstract The histone demethylase JMJD2C, also known as KDM4C/GASC1, has activity against methylated H3K9 and H3K36 and is amplified and/or overexpressed in human cancers. By the generation of Jmjd2c knockout mice, we demonstrate that loss of Jmjd2c is compatible with cellular proliferation, embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal, and embryonic development. Moreover, we report that JMJD2C localizes to H3K4me3-positive transcription start sites in both primary cells and in the human carcinoma KYSE150 cell line containing an amplification of the JMJD2C locus. Binding is dependent on the double Tudor domain of JMJD2C, which recognizes H3K4me3 but not H4K20me2/me3 in vitro, showing a binding specificity different from that of the double Tudor domains of JMJD2A and JMJD2B. Depletion of JMJD2C in KYSE150 cells has a modest effect on H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 levels but impairs proliferation and leads to deregulated expression of a subset of target genes involved in cell cycle progression. Taking these findings together, we show that JMJD2C is targeted to H3K4me3-positive transcription start sites, where it can contribute to transcriptional regulation, and report that the putative oncogene JMJD2C generally is not required for cellular proliferation or embryonic development.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Female ; Histone Deacetylases/genetics ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Histones/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protein Binding/genetics ; Transcription Initiation Site ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
    Chemical Substances Histones ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases (EC 1.14.11.-) ; Histone Deacetylases (EC 3.5.1.98)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 779397-2
    ISSN 1098-5549 ; 0270-7306
    ISSN (online) 1098-5549
    ISSN 0270-7306
    DOI 10.1128/MCB.00864-13
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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