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Article ; Online: Reply to "Is There an Association between Tuber Involvement of the Fusiform Face Area in Autism Diagnosis?"

Cohen, Alexander L / Kroeck, Mallory R / Fox, Michael D

2023 Volume 93, Issue 6, Page(s) 1220–1222

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Autistic Disorder/diagnosis ; Temporal Lobe ; Amygdala
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80362-5
ISSN	1531-8249 ; 0364-5134
ISSN (online)	1531-8249
ISSN	0364-5134
DOI	10.1002/ana.26634
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Zs.MO 478: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Reply: Looking beyond indirect lesion network mapping of prosopagnosia: direct measures required.

Cohen, Alexander L / Fox, Michael D

Brain : a journal of neurology

2021 Volume 144, Issue 9, Page(s) e76

MeSH term(s)	Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prosopagnosia
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awab277
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Article ; Online: Reply: The influence of sample size and arbitrary statistical thresholds in lesion-network mapping.

Cohen, Alexander L / Fox, Michael D

Brain : a journal of neurology

2020 Volume 143, Issue 5, Page(s) e41

MeSH term(s)	Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Face ; Humans ; Prosopagnosia ; Sample Size
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awaa095
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Article ; Online: A Lesion-Derived Brain Network for Emotion Regulation.

Jiang, Jing / Ferguson, Michael A / Grafman, Jordan / Cohen, Alexander L / Fox, Michael D

Biological psychiatry

2023 Volume 94, Issue 8, Page(s) 640–649

Abstract: Background: Emotion regulation has been linked to specific brain networks based on functional neuroimaging, but networks causally involved in emotion regulation remain unknown.: Methods: We studied patients with focal brain damage (N = 167) who ... ...

Abstract	Background: Emotion regulation has been linked to specific brain networks based on functional neuroimaging, but networks causally involved in emotion regulation remain unknown. Methods: We studied patients with focal brain damage (N = 167) who completed the managing emotion subscale of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, a measure of emotion regulation. First, we tested whether patients with lesions to an a priori network derived from functional neuroimaging showed impaired emotion regulation. Next, we leveraged lesion network mapping to derive a de novo brain network for emotion regulation. Finally, we used an independent lesion database (N = 629) to test whether damage to this lesion-derived network would increase the risk of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with emotion regulation impairment. Results: First, patients with lesions intersecting the a priori emotion regulation network derived from functional neuroimaging showed impairments in the managing emotion subscale of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test. Next, our de novo brain network for emotion regulation derived from lesion data was defined by functional connectivity to the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Finally, in the independent database, lesions associated with mania, criminality, and depression intersected this de novo brain network more than lesions associated with other disorders. Conclusions: The findings suggest that emotion regulation maps to a connected brain network centered on the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Lesion damage to part of this network is associated with reported difficulties in managing emotions and is related to increased likelihood of having one of several neuropsychiatric disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Emotional Regulation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Brain ; Emotions/physiology ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Brain Mapping
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209434-4
ISSN	1873-2402 ; 0006-3223
ISSN (online)	1873-2402
ISSN	0006-3223
DOI	10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.007
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Article ; Online: Network Localization of Awareness in Visual and Motor Anosognosia.

Kletenik, Isaiah / Gaudet, Kyla / Prasad, Sashank / Cohen, Alexander L / Fox, Michael D

Annals of neurology

2023 Volume 94, Issue 3, Page(s) 434–441

Abstract: Objective: Unawareness of a deficit, anosognosia, can occur for visual or motor deficits and lends insight into awareness itself; however, lesions associated with anosognosia occur in many different brain locations.: Methods: We analyzed 267 lesion ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Unawareness of a deficit, anosognosia, can occur for visual or motor deficits and lends insight into awareness itself; however, lesions associated with anosognosia occur in many different brain locations. Methods: We analyzed 267 lesion locations associated with either vision loss (with and without awareness) or weakness (with and without awareness). The network of brain regions connected to each lesion location was computed using resting-state functional connectivity from 1,000 healthy subjects. Both domain specific and cross-modal associations with awareness were identified. Results: The domain-specific network for visual anosognosia demonstrated connectivity to visual association cortex and posterior cingulate while motor anosognosia was defined by insula, supplementary motor area, and anterior cingulate connectivity. A cross-modal anosognosia network was defined by connectivity to the hippocampus and precuneus (false discovery rate p < 0.05). Interpretation: Our results identify distinct network connections associated with visual and motor anosognosia and a shared, cross-modal network for awareness of deficits centered on memory-related brain structures. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:434-441.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Awareness ; Brain/pathology ; Agnosia ; Cerebral Cortex ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80362-5
ISSN	1531-8249 ; 0364-5134
ISSN (online)	1531-8249
ISSN	0364-5134
DOI	10.1002/ana.26709
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Article ; Online: Lesion network mapping predicts post-stroke behavioural deficits and improves localization.

Cohen, Alexander L / Ferguson, Michael A / Fox, Michael D

Brain : a journal of neurology

2021 Volume 144, Issue 4, Page(s) e35

MeSH term(s)	Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Stroke/complications ; Stroke/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awab002
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Article ; Online: Matched neurofeedback during fMRI differentially activates reward-related circuits in active and sham groups.

Guler, Seyhmus / Cohen, Alexander L / Afacan, Onur / Warfield, Simon K

Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging

2021 Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 947–955

Abstract: Background and purpose: Functional MRI neurofeedback (fMRI-nf) leverages the brain's ability to self-regulate its own activity. However, self-regulation processes engaged during fMRI-nf are incompletely understood. Here, we used matched feedback in an ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Functional MRI neurofeedback (fMRI-nf) leverages the brain's ability to self-regulate its own activity. However, self-regulation processes engaged during fMRI-nf are incompletely understood. Here, we used matched feedback in an fMRI-nf experimental protocol to investigate whether brain processes recognize true neurofeedback signals. Methods: We implemented an existing fMRI-nf protocol to train lateralized motor activity using a finger-tap task in conjunction with real-time feedback. Twelve healthy, right-handed, adult participants were assigned into age- and sex-matched active and sham study groups. Matched participant pairs received the same visual feedback, based on brain activity of the participant from the active group. We compared group-averaged activation maps before, during, and after neurofeedback, and analyzed changes in lateralized motor activity due to neurofeedback. Results: Active and sham groups demonstrated different brain activation to the same feedback during neurofeedback. In particular, there was higher activation in visual cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, and right inferior frontal gyrus in the active group compared to the sham group. Conversely, sham participants demonstrated higher activation in anterior cingulate cortex, left frontal pole, and posterior superior temporal gyrus. Despite differing brain activations during neurofeedback, neither group demonstrated significant improvement in lateralized motor activity from pre to postfeedback scan in the same session. We also observed no significant difference between pre and postfeedback activation maps, suggesting that no significant finger-tap related functional reorganization had occurred. Conclusions: These findings suggest that fMRI neurofeedback paradigms that monitor or incorporate activity from regions reported here would provide enhanced efficacy for research investigation and clinical intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurofeedback ; Reward
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1071724-9
ISSN	1552-6569 ; 1051-2284
ISSN (online)	1552-6569
ISSN	1051-2284
DOI	10.1111/jon.12899
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Article ; Online: Reducing the Effects of Motion Artifacts in fMRI: A Structured Matrix Completion Approach.

Balachandrasekaran, Arvind / Cohen, Alexander L / Afacan, Onur / Warfield, Simon K / Gholipour, Ali

IEEE transactions on medical imaging

2021 Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 172–185

Abstract: Functional MRI (fMRI) is widely used to study the functional organization of normal and pathological brains. However, the fMRI signal may be contaminated by subject motion artifacts that are only partially mitigated by motion correction strategies. These ...

Abstract	Functional MRI (fMRI) is widely used to study the functional organization of normal and pathological brains. However, the fMRI signal may be contaminated by subject motion artifacts that are only partially mitigated by motion correction strategies. These artifacts lead to distance-dependent biases in the inferred signal correlations. To mitigate these spurious effects, motion-corrupted volumes are censored from fMRI time series. Censoring can result in discontinuities in the fMRI signal, which may lead to substantial alterations in functional connectivity analysis. We propose a new approach to recover the missing entries from censoring based on structured low rank matrix completion. We formulated the artifact-reduction problem as the recovery of a super-resolved matrix from unprocessed fMRI measurements. We enforced a low rank prior on a large structured matrix, formed from the samples of the time series, to recover the missing entries. The recovered time series, in addition to being motion compensated, are also slice-time corrected at a fine temporal resolution. To achieve a fast and memory-efficient solution for our proposed optimization problem, we employed a variable splitting strategy. We validated the algorithm with simulations, data acquired under different motion conditions, and datasets from the ABCD study. Functional connectivity analysis showed that the proposed reconstruction resulted in connectivity matrices with lower errors in pair-wise correlation than non-censored and censored time series based on a standard processing pipeline. In addition, seed-based correlation analyses showed improved delineation of the default mode network. These demonstrate that the method can effectively reduce the adverse effects of motion in fMRI analysis.
MeSH term(s)	Artifacts ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Mapping ; Head Movements ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motion
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	622531-7
ISSN	1558-254X ; 0278-0062
ISSN (online)	1558-254X
ISSN	0278-0062
DOI	10.1109/TMI.2021.3107829
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Article ; Online: Intractable Epilepsy and Progressive Cognitive Decline in a Young Man.

Cohen, Alexander L / Jones, Lyell K / Parisi, Joseph E / Klaas, James P

JAMA neurology

2017 Volume 74, Issue 6, Page(s) 737–740

Abstract: A young man with normal neurodevelopment presented with 3 years of medically refractory, progressive epilepsy and myoclonus. Initial examination included neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and biochemical analyses, all of which were unremarkable ... ...

Abstract	A young man with normal neurodevelopment presented with 3 years of medically refractory, progressive epilepsy and myoclonus. Initial examination included neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and biochemical analyses, all of which were unremarkable except for mildly enlarged ventricles. Over the following year, the patient experienced rapid cognitive decline with new-onset recurrent visual hallucinations and progressive lethargy. Results of subsequent electroencephalography and brain imaging were unchanged, and a fluorodeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomographic scan was normal.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/etiology ; Disease Progression ; Drug Resistant Epilepsy/complications ; Drug Resistant Epilepsy/diagnosis ; Humans ; Lafora Disease/complications ; Lafora Disease/diagnosis ; Male ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2702023-X
ISSN	2168-6157 ; 2168-6149
ISSN (online)	2168-6157
ISSN	2168-6149
DOI	10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.3195
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Article ; Online: Multiple sclerosis lesions that impair memory map to a connected memory circuit.

Kletenik, Isaiah / Cohen, Alexander L / Glanz, Bonnie I / Ferguson, Michael A / Tauhid, Shahamat / Li, Jing / Drew, William / Polgar-Turcsanyi, Mariann / Palotai, Miklos / Siddiqi, Shan H / Marshall, Gad A / Chitnis, Tanuja / Guttmann, Charles R G / Bakshi, Rohit / Fox, Michael D

Journal of neurology

2023 Volume 270, Issue 11, Page(s) 5211–5222

Abstract: Background: Nearly 1 million Americans are living with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 30-50% will experience memory dysfunction. It remains unclear whether this memory dysfunction is due to overall white matter lesion burden or damage to specific ... ...

Abstract	Background: Nearly 1 million Americans are living with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 30-50% will experience memory dysfunction. It remains unclear whether this memory dysfunction is due to overall white matter lesion burden or damage to specific neuroanatomical structures. Here we test if MS memory dysfunction is associated with white matter lesions to a specific brain circuit. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of standard structural images and verbal memory scores as assessed by immediate recall trials from 431 patients with MS (mean age 49.2 years, 71.9% female) enrolled at a large, academic referral center. White matter lesion locations from each patient were mapped using a validated algorithm. First, we tested for associations between memory dysfunction and total MS lesion volume. Second, we tested for associations between memory dysfunction and lesion intersection with an a priori memory circuit derived from stroke lesions. Third, we performed mediation analyses to determine which variable was most associated with memory dysfunction. Finally, we performed a data-driven analysis to derive de-novo brain circuits for MS memory dysfunction using both functional (n = 1000) and structural (n = 178) connectomes. Results: Both total lesion volume (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) and lesion damage to our a priori memory circuit (r = 0.34, p < 0.001) were associated with memory dysfunction. However, lesion damage to the memory circuit fully mediated the association of lesion volume with memory performance. Our data-driven analysis identified multiple connections associated with memory dysfunction, including peaks in the hippocampus (T = 6.05, family-wise error p = 0.000008), parahippocampus, fornix and cingulate. Finally, the overall topography of our data-driven MS memory circuit matched our a priori stroke-derived memory circuit. Conclusions: Lesion locations associated with memory dysfunction in MS map onto a specific brain circuit centered on the hippocampus. Lesion damage to this circuit fully mediated associations between lesion volume and memory. A circuit-based approach to mapping MS symptoms based on lesions visible on standard structural imaging may prove useful for localization and prognosis of higher order deficits in MS.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Memory, Short-Term ; Stroke/complications ; Brain/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187050-6
ISSN	1432-1459 ; 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
ISSN (online)	1432-1459
ISSN	0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
DOI	10.1007/s00415-023-11907-8
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