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Article ; Online: Distribution and diversification of Adelphobates, emblematic poison frogs from Brazilian Amazonia.

Medeiros, Larissa A DE / Gentil, Eduardo / Kaefer, Igor L / Cohn-Haft, Mario

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias

2024 Volume 96, Issue 1, Page(s) e20230659

Abstract: Adelphobates contains three species, and the inaccurate identification of A. quinquevittatus and the scarcity of records of A. castaneoticus complicate inference of their distributions; the latter species occurs in sympatry with A. galactonotus. Our ... ...

Abstract	Adelphobates contains three species, and the inaccurate identification of A. quinquevittatus and the scarcity of records of A. castaneoticus complicate inference of their distributions; the latter species occurs in sympatry with A. galactonotus. Our objective was to revise the distributions of Adelphobates by compiling data and modeling habitat suitability, as range limits may be shaped by landscape features and biotic interactions. We initially analyzed the existence of operational taxonomic units within the nominal species and subsequently inferred the observed and potential distributions, taking into account the possible independent lineages for the three species, and we also generated a molecular timetree to understand the chronology of interspecific diversification events. Adelphobates quinquevittatus was found to have a more easterly distribution than previously described, and specimens with phenotypic variation were found to occur in areas inconsistent with the modeling, and A. castaneoticus was concentrated in the Tapajós-Xingu interfluve, surrounded by A. galactonotus. Models indicated that the right bank of the Xingu River is suitable for both species, indeed, both were found there. Despite Adelphobates species having their distributions delimited by major Amazonian rivers, estimated divergence times predate the formation of the modern river network, suggesting that other mechanisms were involved in their diversification.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brazil ; Anura/classification ; Anura/genetics ; Animal Distribution ; Ecosystem ; Phylogeny ; Biodiversity ; Poison Frogs
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-19
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2046885-4
ISSN	1678-2690 ; 0001-3765
ISSN (online)	1678-2690
ISSN	0001-3765
DOI	10.1590/0001-3765202320230659
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Spatial Congruence Analysis (SCAN): A method for detecting biogeographical patterns based on species range congruences.

Gatto, Cassiano A F R / Cohn-Haft, Mario

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 5, Page(s) e0245818

Abstract: Species with congruent geographical distributions, potentially caused by common historical and ecological spatial processes, constitute biogeographical units called chorotypes. Nevertheless, the degree of spatial range congruence characterizing these ... ...

Abstract	Species with congruent geographical distributions, potentially caused by common historical and ecological spatial processes, constitute biogeographical units called chorotypes. Nevertheless, the degree of spatial range congruence characterizing these groups of species is rarely used as an explicit parameter. Methods conceived for the identification of patterns of shared ranges often suffer from scale bias associated with the use of grids, or the incapacity to describe the full complexity of patterns, from core areas of high spatial congruence, to long gradients of range distributions expanding from these core areas. Here, we propose a simple analytical method, Spatial Congruence Analysis (SCAN), which identifies chorotypes by mapping direct and indirect spatial relationships among species. Assessments are made under a referential value of congruence as an explicit numerical parameter. A one-layered network connects species (vertices) using pairwise spatial congruence estimates (edges). This network is then analyzed for each species, separately, by an algorithm which searches for spatial relationships to the reference species. The method was applied to two datasets: a simulated gradient of ranges and real distributions of birds. The simulated dataset showed that SCAN can describe gradients of distribution with a high level of detail. The bird dataset showed that only a small portion of range overlaps is biogeographically meaningful, and that there is a large variation in types of patterns that can be found with real distributions. Species analyzed separately may converge on similar or identical groups, may be nested in larger chorotypes, or may even generate overlapped patterns with no species in common. Chorotypes can vary from simple ones, composed by few highly congruent species, to complex, with numerous alternative component species and spatial configurations, which offer insights about possible processes driving these patterns in distinct degrees of spatial congruence. Metrics such as congruence, depth, richness, and ratio between common and total areas can be used to describe chorotypes in detail, allowing comparisons between patterns across regions and taxa.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Models, Statistical ; Phylogeography/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0245818
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Article ; Online: Extremely loud mating songs at close range in white bellbirds.

Podos, Jeffrey / Cohn-Haft, Mario

Current biology : CB

2019 Volume 29, Issue 20, Page(s) R1068–R1069

Abstract: Sexual selection in many animal species favors the evolution of elaborate courtship traits. Such traits might help signalers convey, and receivers discern, information about signaler quality; or they might be favored by perceptual or aesthetic ... ...

Abstract	Sexual selection in many animal species favors the evolution of elaborate courtship traits. Such traits might help signalers convey, and receivers discern, information about signaler quality; or they might be favored by perceptual or aesthetic preferences for elaborateness or beauty [1-3]. Under either scenario we expect sexual trait elaboration to be countered by proximate constraints rooted in animals' morphology, physiology and phylogenetic history [3,4]. During expeditions to a montane rainforest in the Brazilian Amazon, we obtained amplitude-calibrated measures of mating songs in two species of cotingas, the white bellbird (Procnias albus) and the screaming piha (Lipaugus vociferans). The screaming piha sings the loudest songs of any passerine bird previously documented [5]. However, we find that white bellbirds are >9 dB louder, and thus achieve roughly triple the sound pressure levels of pihas. Mechanical constraints on amplitude, and thus limits on the reach of sexual selection, are revealed by trade-offs between maximal sound pressure and song duration. We find that song amplitude in bellbirds is context-dependent: when a female was on the display perch, a male bellbird sang only his louder song type, swiveling his body mid-song to face the female head on. We know of no other species in which such high-amplitude vocal signals are directed to receivers in such close proximity. We propose that bellbird females balance an interest in sampling males at close range with a need to protect themselves from hearing damage.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brazil ; Courtship ; Female ; Male ; Passeriformes/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sound ; Species Specificity ; Vocalization, Animal
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.028
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Article: Response of Understory Avifauna to Annual Flooding of Amazonian Floodplain Forests

Rowedder, Anaís Rebeca Prestes / Laranjeiras, Thiago Orsi / Haugaasen, Torbjørn / Gilmore, Benjamin / Cohn-Haft, Mario

Forests. 2021 July 29, v. 12, no. 8

2021

Abstract: The annual flooding in the Amazon basin transforms the understory of floodplain forests into an aquatic environment. However, a great number of non-aquatic bird species occupy the understory and midstory of these forests. In general, these birds are ... ...

Abstract	The annual flooding in the Amazon basin transforms the understory of floodplain forests into an aquatic environment. However, a great number of non-aquatic bird species occupy the understory and midstory of these forests. In general, these birds are thought to be sedentary and territorial, but the way they adapt to this dramatic seasonal transformation has never been described in detail. In this study, we describe avifaunal strategies to cope with seasonal flooding in the lower Purus region, central Amazonia, Brazil. We conducted focal observations of five insectivorous species occupying the lowest forest strata in two types of floodplain forest (black- and whitewater) during the low- and high-water seasons. For each observation, the height of the bird above the substrate (ground or water), its vertical position in the forest, and vegetation density around the bird were noted. All species remained present in the floodplain forests during the two seasons and were not recorded in adjacent unflooded (terra firme) forest. In general, birds migrated vertically to higher forest strata and most species (three of the five) occupied similar vegetation densities independent of water level. Despite the tendency of all species to rise in relative vertical position at high water, there was a reduction in height above substrate for four of the five species, suggesting that their position relative to water was not an important microhabitat element for them. Responses were similar in the two floodplain forest types. It is likely that the decrease in available space during the flood, combined with similar vertical displacement in arthropods, leads to increased prey density for understory insectivorous birds and permits year-round territoriality without major habitat shifts.
Keywords	aquatic environment ; avifauna ; basins ; birds ; floodplains ; insectivores ; microhabitats ; territoriality ; understory ; Amazonia ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0729
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f12081004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effects of a major Amazonian river confluence on the distribution of floodplain forest avifauna

Laranjeiras, Thiago Orsi / Naka, Luciano Nicolas / Leite, Gabriel Augusto / Cohn‐Haft, Mario

Journal of biogeography. 2021 Apr., v. 48, no. 4

2021

Abstract: AIM: Although ‘river color’ or water type is an important determinant of Amazonian floodplain biodiversity, the relevance of mixing distinct water types at river confluences to the distribution of terrestrial floodplain fauna has been largely overlooked. ...

Abstract	AIM: Although ‘river color’ or water type is an important determinant of Amazonian floodplain biodiversity, the relevance of mixing distinct water types at river confluences to the distribution of terrestrial floodplain fauna has been largely overlooked. We investigated how the influx of a sediment‐rich whitewater tributary affects the floodplain forest avifauna along the world's largest blackwater river. LOCATION: Northwestern Brazilian Amazon. TAXON: Birds. METHODS: We sampled floodplain avifauna and retrieved estimates of sediment concentration in the water (the main parameter in river‐water classification) at 52 sites, along the Negro (blackwater) and Branco (whitewater) rivers, above and below their confluence. We compared species richness and composition using analyses of variance, ordinations, generalized linear models and indicator species analyses. RESULTS: Bird species composition on the lower Rio Negro (below the confluence) was distinct from both the upper Negro (above the confluence) and the Branco, and species richness on the Negro increased below the confluence. Typical whitewater bird species occurring on the Branco were found exclusively or predominantly along the left side of the lower Rio Negro, where the Branco's muddy waters seem to be channelled. Overall avian compositional variation among sites was correlated with sediment concentration in the water, a determinant of floodplain forest structure. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: The influx of the muddy waters of the Rio Branco into the Rio Negro promotes the co‐occurrence of bird species that are segregated by river type upstream, increasing species richness at the landscape scale. Rather than just representing a potential blackwater barrier between whitewater systems, the lower Rio Negro comprises a unique biogeographical transition zone, with a mixed avifauna occurring in a mosaic of varied floodplain forest types. Our results suggest that confluences of large rivers of distinct water types represent a significant factor determining species distributional boundaries and geographic patterns of Amazonian floodplain biodiversity.
Keywords	African Americans ; avifauna ; biogeography ; birds ; floodplains ; geographical distribution ; indicator species ; landscapes ; river water ; rivers ; sediments ; species richness ; variance ; Amazonia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-04
Size	p. 847-860.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	188963-1
ISSN	0305-0270
ISSN	0305-0270
DOI	10.1111/jbi.14042
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Low species turnover of upland Amazonian birds in the absence of physical barriers

Rutt, Cameron L. / Cooper, W. Justin / Andretti, Christian B. / Costa, Thiago V. V. / Stouffer, Philip C. / Vargas, Claudeir F. / Luther, David A. / Cohn‐Haft, Mario

Diversity and Distributions. 2023 Apr., v. 29, no. 4 p.466-477

2023

Abstract: AIM: One of the oldest and most powerful ways for ecologists to explain distinct biological communities is to invoke underlying environmental differences. But in hyper‐diverse systems, which often display high species richness and low species abundance, ... ...

Abstract	AIM: One of the oldest and most powerful ways for ecologists to explain distinct biological communities is to invoke underlying environmental differences. But in hyper‐diverse systems, which often display high species richness and low species abundance, these sorts of community comparisons are especially challenging. The classic view for Amazonian birds posits that riverine barriers and habitat specialization determine local and regional community composition. We test the tacit, complementary assumption that similar bird communities should therefore permeate uniform habitat between major rivers, regardless of distance. LOCATION: Upland (terra firme) rainforests of central Amazonia. METHODS: We conducted intensive whole‐community surveys of birds in three pairs of 100‐ha plots, separated by 40–60 km. We then used dissimilarity indices, cluster analysis, and ordination to characterize differences among the six avian communities. RESULTS: In all, we detected 244 forest‐dependent birds, with an average of 190 species (78%) per plot. Species turnover was negligible, no unique indicator species were found among plot pairs, and all documented species were already known from a complete inventory at one of the three sites. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our study corroborates the classic biogeographical pattern and suggests that turnover contributes little to regional avian diversity within upland forests. Using a grain size of 100 ha, this implies that upland birds perceive the environment as uniform, at least over distances of ~60 km. Therefore, to maximize both local species richness and population persistence, our findings support the conservation of very large tracts of upland rainforest. Our analyses also revealed that the avifauna at Reserva Ducke, encroached by urban sprawl from the city of Manaus, shows the hallmarks of a disturbed community, with fewer vulnerable insectivores. This defaunation signals that even an enormous preserve (10 × 10 km) in lowland Amazonia is not insulated from anthropogenic degradation within the surrounding landscape.
Keywords	avifauna ; birds ; cluster analysis ; community structure ; geographical distribution ; habitats ; highlands ; indicator species ; inventories ; landscapes ; rain forests ; riparian areas ; species abundance ; species richness ; urbanization ; Amazonia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-04
Size	p. 466-477.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2020139-4
ISSN	1472-4642 ; 1366-9516
ISSN (online)	1472-4642
ISSN	1366-9516
DOI	10.1111/ddi.13662
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Central-place foraging poses variable constraints year-round in a neotropical migrant.

Lalla, Kristen M / Fraser, Kevin C / Frei, Barbara / Fischer, Jason D / Siegrist, Joe / Ray, James D / Cohn-Haft, Mario / Elliott, Kyle H

Movement ecology

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 39

Abstract: Background: "Central-place foragers" are constrained in their habitat selection and foraging range by the frequency with which they need to return to a central place. For example, chick-rearing songbirds that must feed their offspring hourly might be ... ...

Abstract	Background: "Central-place foragers" are constrained in their habitat selection and foraging range by the frequency with which they need to return to a central place. For example, chick-rearing songbirds that must feed their offspring hourly might be expected to have smaller foraging ranges compared to non-breeding songbirds that return nightly to a roost. Methods: We used GPS units to compare the foraging behaviour of an aerial insectivorous bird, the purple martin (Progne subis), during the breeding season in three regions across North America, as well as the non-breeding season in South America. Specifically, we tested foraging range size and habitat selection. Results: Foraging range did not vary among regions during breeding (14.0 ± 39.2 km Conclusions: We provide the first estimates for foraging range size in purple martins and demonstrate foraging preference for aquatic habitats throughout two stages of the annual cycle. Understanding foraging constraints and habitat of aerial insectivores may help plan conservation actions throughout their annual cycle. Future research should quantify foraging behaviour during the post-breeding period and during migration.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2724975-X
ISSN	2051-3933
ISSN	2051-3933
DOI	10.1186/s40462-022-00337-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Central-place foraging poses variable constraints year-round in a neotropical migrant

Lalla, Kristen M. / Fraser, Kevin C. / Frei, Barbara / Fischer, Jason D. / Siegrist, Joe / Ray, James D. / Cohn-Haft, Mario / Elliott, Kyle H.

Movement ecology. 2022 Dec., v. 10, no. 1

2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: “Central-place foragers” are constrained in their habitat selection and foraging range by the frequency with which they need to return to a central place. For example, chick-rearing songbirds that must feed their offspring hourly might be ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: “Central-place foragers” are constrained in their habitat selection and foraging range by the frequency with which they need to return to a central place. For example, chick-rearing songbirds that must feed their offspring hourly might be expected to have smaller foraging ranges compared to non-breeding songbirds that return nightly to a roost. METHODS: We used GPS units to compare the foraging behaviour of an aerial insectivorous bird, the purple martin (Progne subis), during the breeding season in three regions across North America, as well as the non-breeding season in South America. Specifically, we tested foraging range size and habitat selection. RESULTS: Foraging range did not vary among regions during breeding (14.0 ± 39.2 km²) and was larger during the nonbreeding period (8840 ± 8150 km²). Purple martins strongly preferred aquatic habitats to other available habitats year-round and in the Amazon commuted from night roosts in low productivity sediment-poor water, where risk of predation was probably low, to daytime foraging sites in productive sediment-rich water sites. CONCLUSIONS: We provide the first estimates for foraging range size in purple martins and demonstrate foraging preference for aquatic habitats throughout two stages of the annual cycle. Understanding foraging constraints and habitat of aerial insectivores may help plan conservation actions throughout their annual cycle. Future research should quantify foraging behaviour during the post-breeding period and during migration.
Keywords	Neotropics ; birds ; habitat preferences ; habitats ; insectivores ; predation ; progeny ; risk ; North America ; South America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 39.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2724975-X
ISSN	2051-3933
ISSN	2051-3933
DOI	10.1186/s40462-022-00337-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Using river color to predict Amazonian floodplain forest avifaunas in the world's largest blackwater river basin

Laranjeiras, Thiago Orsi / Naka, Luciano Nicolas / Cohn‐Haft, Mario

Biotropica. 2019 May, v. 51, no. 3

2019

Abstract: Despite the importance of rivers in Amazonian biogeography, avian distribution patterns in river‐created habitats (i.e., floodplain forests) have been sparsely addressed. Here, we explore geographic variation in floodplain forest avifaunas, specifically ... ...

Abstract	Despite the importance of rivers in Amazonian biogeography, avian distribution patterns in river‐created habitats (i.e., floodplain forests) have been sparsely addressed. Here, we explore geographic variation in floodplain forest avifaunas, specifically regarding one of the most striking aspects of the Amazon: the diversity of river “colors” (i.e., types, based on the color of the water). We sampled the avifauna at 30 sites, located in 17 different rivers (nine black‐ and eight whitewater), in the Rio Negro basin, northwestern Brazil. Our sampling comprised ten 15‐min point‐counts per site, distributed every 500–1000 m along the river. We recorded a total of 352 bird species, many of which occurred in both river types. Although bird species richness was similar among rivers, we found significant differences in species composition. Nearly 14 percent of the species were significantly associated with one or the other river type. Most floodplain forest specialists occurred predominantly in whitewater rivers, whereas species that are typically associated with white‐sand habitats occurred in blackwater. Despite significant distinctions between river types, occurrence patterns and levels of habitat association differed among indicator species and may vary in the same species throughout its global distribution. There were also “intermediate” avifauna in some of our sites, suggesting that continuous parameters characterizing river types structure species turnover. The water color‐based classification of Amazonian rivers represents a simple and powerful predictor of the floodplain forest avifauna, offering a stimulating starting point for understanding patterns of floodplain bird distributions and for prioritizing conservation efforts in these overlooked habitats. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Keywords	avifauna ; basins ; biogeography ; birds ; color ; floodplains ; forests ; geographical distribution ; geographical variation ; habitats ; indicator species ; rivers ; species richness ; watersheds ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-05
Size	p. 330-341.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2052061-X
ISSN	1744-7429 ; 0006-3606
ISSN (online)	1744-7429
ISSN	0006-3606
DOI	10.1111/btp.12650
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Avian ecological succession in the Amazon: A long-term case study following experimental deforestation.

Rutt, Cameron L / Jirinec, Vitek / Cohn-Haft, Mario / Laurance, William F / Stouffer, Philip C

Ecology and evolution

2019 Volume 9, Issue 24, Page(s) 13850–13861

Abstract: Approximately 20% of the Brazilian Amazon has now been deforested, and the Amazon is currently experiencing the highest rates of deforestation in a decade, leading to large-scale land-use changes. Roads have consistently been implicated as drivers of ... ...

Abstract	Approximately 20% of the Brazilian Amazon has now been deforested, and the Amazon is currently experiencing the highest rates of deforestation in a decade, leading to large-scale land-use changes. Roads have consistently been implicated as drivers of ongoing Amazon deforestation and may act as corridors to facilitate species invasions. Long-term data, however, are necessary to determine how ecological succession alters avian communities following deforestation and whether established roads lead to a constant influx of new species.We used data across nearly 40 years from a large-scale deforestation experiment in the central Amazon to examine the avian colonization process in a spatial and temporal framework, considering the role that roads may play in facilitating colonization.Since 1979, 139 species that are not part of the original forest avifauna have been recorded, including more secondary forest species than expected based on the regional species pool. Among the 35 species considered to have colonized and become established, a disproportionate number were secondary forest birds (63%), almost all of which first appeared during the 1980s. These new residents comprise about 13% of the current community of permanent residents.Widespread generalists associated with secondary forest colonized quickly following deforestation, with few new species added after the first decade, despite a stable road connection. Few species associated with riverine forest or specialized habitats colonized, despite road connection to their preferred source habitat. Colonizing species remained restricted to anthropogenic habitats and did not infiltrate old-growth forests nor displace forest birds.Deforestation and expansion of road networks into
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.5822
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