Article: Acute HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Share Slan+ Monocyte Depletion—Evidence from an Hyperacute HIV-1 Case Report
Viruses. 2021 Sept. 10, v. 13, no. 9
2021
Abstract: Monocytes are key modulators in acute viral infections, determining both inflammation and development of specific B- and T-cell responses. Recently, these cells were shown to be associated to different SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome. However, their role in ...
| Abstract | Monocytes are key modulators in acute viral infections, determining both inflammation and development of specific B- and T-cell responses. Recently, these cells were shown to be associated to different SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome. However, their role in acute HIV-1 infection remains unclear. We had the opportunity to evaluate the mononuclear cell compartment in an early hyper-acute HIV-1 patient in comparison with an untreated chronic HIV-1 and a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, by high dimensional flow cytometry using an unsupervised approach. A distinct polarization of the monocyte phenotype was observed in the two viral infections, with maintenance of pro-inflammatory M1-like profile in HIV-1, in contrast to the M2-like immunosuppressive shift in SARS-CoV-2. Noticeably, both acute infections had reduced CD14ˡᵒʷ/⁻CD16⁺ non-classical monocytes, with depletion of the population expressing Slan (6-sulfo LacNac), which is thought to contribute to immune surveillance through pro-inflammatory properties. This depletion indicates a potential role of these cells in acute viral infection, which has not previously been explored. The inflammatory state accompanied by the depletion of Slan+ monocytes may provide new insights on the critical events that determine the rate of viral set-point in acute HIV-1 infection and subsequent impact on transmission and reservoir establishment. |
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| Keywords | HIV infections ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; T-lymphocytes ; case studies ; flow cytometry ; immunosuppression ; inflammation ; monitoring ; monocytes ; patients ; phenotype |
| Language | English |
| Dates of publication | 2021-0910 |
| Publishing place | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| Document type | Article |
| ZDB-ID | 2516098-9 |
| ISSN | 1999-4915 |
| ISSN | 1999-4915 |
| DOI | 10.3390/v13091805 |
| Database | NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA) |
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