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  1. Book ; Conference proceedings: The melanocortin system

    Cone, Roger D.

    [result of a Meeting entitled the Fifth International Melanocortin Meeting, held on August 25 - 28, 2002 in Sunriver, Oregon]

    (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ; 994)

    2003  

    Event/congress International Melanocortin Meeting (5, 2002, SunriverOr.)
    Author's details ed. by Roger D. Cone
    Series title Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ; 994
    Collection
    Keywords MSH (Hormone) ; Proopiomelanocortin/Receptors ; Melanotropin ; Melanocortin-4-Rezeptor
    Subject MSH ; Intermedin ; Melanozyten stimulierendes Hormon
    Subject code 573.454
    Language English
    Size XII, 387 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publishing place New York, NY
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book ; Conference proceedings
    HBZ-ID HT013819009
    ISBN 1-573-31442-0 ; 1-573-31443-9 ; 978-1-573-31442-8 ; 978-1-573-31443-5
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: Loss of Agrp1 in zebrafish: Effects on the growth and reproductive axis.

    Wei, Zehong / Lakshminarasimha, Amrutha Bagivalu / Cone, Roger D / Michel, Maximilian

    General and comparative endocrinology

    2023  Volume 336, Page(s) 114243

    Abstract: Loss of agouti related neuropeptide (AgRP) does not lead to overt phenotypes in mammals unless AgRP neurons are ablated. In contrast, in zebrafish it has been shown that Agrp1 loss of function (LOF) leads to reduced growth in Agrp1 morphant as well as ... ...

    Abstract Loss of agouti related neuropeptide (AgRP) does not lead to overt phenotypes in mammals unless AgRP neurons are ablated. In contrast, in zebrafish it has been shown that Agrp1 loss of function (LOF) leads to reduced growth in Agrp1 morphant as well as Agrp1 mutant larvae. Further, it has been shown that multiple endocrine axes are dysregulated upon Agrp1 LOF in Agrp1 morphant larvae. Here we show that adult Agrp1 LOF zebrafish show normal growth and reproductive behavior in spite of a significant reduction in multiple related endocrine axes namely reduced expression in pituitary growth hormone (gh) follicle stimulating hormone (fshb) as well as luteinizing hormone (lhb). We looked for compensatory changes in candidate gene expression but found no changes in growth hormone and gonadotropin hormone receptors that would explain the lack of phenotype. We further looked at expression in the hepatic and muscular insulin-like growth factor (Igf) axis which appears to be normal. Fecundity as well as ovarian histology also appear largely normal while we do see an increase in mating efficiency specifically in fed but not fasted AgRP1 LOF animals. This data shows that zebrafish can grow and reproduce normally in spite of significant central hormone changes and suggests a peripheral compensatory mechanism additional to previously reported central compensatory mechanisms in other zebrafish neuropeptide LOF lines.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Zebrafish/metabolism ; Agouti-Related Protein/genetics ; Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/genetics ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Growth Hormone/genetics ; Growth Hormone/metabolism ; Mammals/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Agouti-Related Protein ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone (9002-68-0) ; Luteinizing Hormone (9002-67-9) ; Gonadotropins ; Growth Hormone (9002-72-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1851-x
    ISSN 1095-6840 ; 0016-6480
    ISSN (online) 1095-6840
    ISSN 0016-6480
    DOI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114243
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Targeting the central melanocortin system for the treatment of metabolic disorders.

    Sweeney, Patrick / Gimenez, Luis E / Hernandez, Ciria C / Cone, Roger D

    Nature reviews. Endocrinology

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 9, Page(s) 507–519

    Abstract: A large body of preclinical and clinical data shows that the central melanocortin system is a promising therapeutic target for treating various metabolic disorders such as obesity and cachexia, as well as anorexia nervosa. Setmelanotide, which functions ... ...

    Abstract A large body of preclinical and clinical data shows that the central melanocortin system is a promising therapeutic target for treating various metabolic disorders such as obesity and cachexia, as well as anorexia nervosa. Setmelanotide, which functions by engaging the central melanocortin circuitry, was approved by the FDA in 2020 for use in certain forms of syndromic obesity. Furthermore, the FDA approvals in 2019 of two peptide drugs targeting melanocortin receptors for the treatment of generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (bremelanotide) and erythropoietic protoporphyria-associated phototoxicity (afamelanotide) demonstrate the safety of this class of peptides. These approvals have also renewed excitement in the development of therapeutics targeting the melanocortin system. Here, we review the anatomy and function of the melanocortin system, discuss progress and challenges in developing melanocortin receptor-based therapeutics, and outline potential metabolic and behavioural disorders that could be addressed using pharmacological agents targeting these receptors.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Melanocortins/therapeutic use ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/drug therapy ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/metabolism ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Cachexia ; Metabolic Diseases/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Melanocortins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2489381-X
    ISSN 1759-5037 ; 1759-5029
    ISSN (online) 1759-5037
    ISSN 1759-5029
    DOI 10.1038/s41574-023-00855-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Melanocortin-3 receptor expression in AgRP neurons is required for normal activation of the neurons in response to energy deficiency.

    Gui, Yijun / Dahir, Naima S / Wu, Yanan / Downing, Griffin / Sweeney, Patrick / Cone, Roger D

    Cell reports

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 10, Page(s) 113188

    Abstract: The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is a negative regulator of the central melanocortin circuitry via presynaptic expression on agouti-related protein (AgRP) nerve terminals, from where it regulates GABA release onto secondary MC4R-expressing neurons. ... ...

    Abstract The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is a negative regulator of the central melanocortin circuitry via presynaptic expression on agouti-related protein (AgRP) nerve terminals, from where it regulates GABA release onto secondary MC4R-expressing neurons. However, MC3R knockout (KO) mice also exhibit defective behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to fasting. Here, we demonstrate that MC3R KO mice exhibit defective activation of AgRP neurons in response to fasting, cold exposure, or ghrelin while exhibiting normal inhibition of AgRP neurons by sensory detection of food in the ad libitum-fed state. Using a conditional MC3R KO model, we show that the control of AgRP neuron activation by fasting and ghrelin requires the specific presence of MC3R within AgRP neurons. Thus, MC3R is a crucial player in the responsiveness of the AgRP soma to both hormonal and neuronal signals of energy need.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/genetics ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/metabolism ; Ghrelin ; Neurons/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout
    Chemical Substances Agouti-Related Protein ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 ; Ghrelin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2649101-1
    ISSN 2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
    ISSN (online) 2211-1247
    ISSN 2211-1247
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113188
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Cell autonomous regulation of the activation of AgRP neurons by the melanocortin-3 receptor.

    Gui, Yijun / Dahir, Naima S / Downing, Griffin / Sweeney, Patrick / Cone, Roger D

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is a negative regulator of the central melanocortin circuitry via presynaptic expression on AgRP nerve terminals, from where it regulates GABA release onto secondary MC4R-expressing neurons. Hence, animals lacking MC3R ( ...

    Abstract The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is a negative regulator of the central melanocortin circuitry via presynaptic expression on AgRP nerve terminals, from where it regulates GABA release onto secondary MC4R-expressing neurons. Hence, animals lacking MC3R (MC3R KO) exhibit hypersensitivity to MC4R agonists. However, MC3R KO mice also exhibit defective behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to fasting. Here, we demonstrate that MC3R KO mice exhibit defective activation of AgRP neurons in response to fasting and cold exposure, while exhibiting normal inhibition of AgRP neurons by sensory detection of food. Further, using an AgRP-specific MC3R knockout model, we show that the control of AgRP neuron activation by MC3R is cell-autonomous. One mechanism underlying this involves the response to ghrelin, which is also blunted in mice with AgRP-specific deletion of the MC3R. Thus, MC3R is a crucial player in the control of energy homeostasis by the central melanocortin system, not only acting presynaptically on AgRP neurons, but via AgRP cell-autonomous regulation of fasting- and cold-induced neuronal activation as well.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.06.28.546874
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The unique structural characteristics of the Kir 7.1 inward rectifier potassium channel: a novel player in energy homeostasis control.

    Hernandez, Ciria C / Gimenez, Luis E / Dahir, Naima S / Peisley, Alys / Cone, Roger D

    American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

    2023  Volume 324, Issue 3, Page(s) C694–C706

    Abstract: The inward rectifier potassium channel Kir7.1, encoded by ... ...

    Abstract The inward rectifier potassium channel Kir7.1, encoded by the
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mutation ; Neurons/metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/genetics ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/metabolism ; Protein Domains
    Chemical Substances Potassium (RWP5GA015D) ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; KCNJ13 protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 392098-7
    ISSN 1522-1563 ; 0363-6143
    ISSN (online) 1522-1563
    ISSN 0363-6143
    DOI 10.1152/ajpcell.00335.2022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Aqueous remote loading of setmelanotide in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for long-term obesity treatment.

    Wang, Shuying / Downing, Griffin / Olsen, Karl F / Sawyer, Tomi K / Cone, Roger D / Schwendeman, Steven P

    Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society

    2023  Volume 364, Page(s) 589–600

    Abstract: Setmelanotide (Imcivree™) was developed as a daily injectable therapeutic peptide for the treatment of rare forms of syndromic obesity, such as POMC deficiency and leptin receptor deficiency. The important option of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) ... ...

    Abstract Setmelanotide (Imcivree™) was developed as a daily injectable therapeutic peptide for the treatment of rare forms of syndromic obesity, such as POMC deficiency and leptin receptor deficiency. The important option of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) controlled release microspheres has become more attractive for this class of drugs upon the discovery that net positively charged peptides can be remote-loaded rapidly from aqueous peptide solution into blank microspheres at high loading and encapsulation efficiency. Here we sought to remote-load setmelanotide in PLGA microspheres and examine its potential for long-term controlled release and body weight control. The influence of PLGA microsphere porosity was investigated with respect to morphology, drug loading, and in vitro release profiles. Increased density of the microspheres inhibited the progress of encapsulation of the dicationic peptide. A diet-induced obese murine model was then used to determine the pharmacokinetic profile and to evaluate long-term efficacy of an optimal formulation. Remote loaded PLGA formulations encapsulated setmelanotide as high as ∼63% (∼6.3% w/w loading) and exhibited slow and continuous peptide release over ∼6 weeks in vitro largely independent of microsphere porosity. The obtained in vivo release pattern from deconvolution of the pharmacokinetics after subcutaneous microsphere injection was consistent with the in vitro release profile but with a lower initial burst release and overall slightly faster release rate. After a single injection of remote-loaded setmelanotide, continuous long-term inhibition of food intake and body weight control was observed over 17 and 30 days, respectively. The improvement in body weight control over drug-free microsphere vehicle-treated control groups matched the observed PK profile. This study provides the first report of long-acting release formulation for 1-month controlled release of setmelanotide and body weight control in a diet induced obese murine model, and supports the further development of long-acting treatment options for obese patients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Lactic Acid ; Microspheres ; Drug Carriers ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Glycols ; Disease Models, Animal ; alpha-MSH ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Body Weight ; Particle Size
    Chemical Substances Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer (1SIA8062RS) ; Polyglycolic Acid (26009-03-0) ; Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT) ; Drug Carriers ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Glycols ; setmelanotide ; alpha-MSH (581-05-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632533-6
    ISSN 1873-4995 ; 0168-3659
    ISSN (online) 1873-4995
    ISSN 0168-3659
    DOI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: QnAs with Roger D. Cone.

    Cone, Roger D

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2013  Volume 110, Issue 24, Page(s) 9618

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Eating/genetics ; Eating/physiology ; Humans ; Larva/genetics ; Larva/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Obesity/genetics ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/physiology ; Zebrafish/genetics ; Zebrafish/physiology
    Chemical Substances Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Interview ; Portrait
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1308417110
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Network dynamics of hypothalamic feeding neurons.

    Sweeney, Patrick / Chen, Can / Rajapakse, Indika / Cone, Roger D

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2021  Volume 118, Issue 14

    Abstract: Mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) result in hyperphagia and obesity and are the most common cause of monogenic obesity in humans. Preclinical rodent studies have determined that the critical role of the MC4R in controlling feeding can be ... ...

    Abstract Mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) result in hyperphagia and obesity and are the most common cause of monogenic obesity in humans. Preclinical rodent studies have determined that the critical role of the MC4R in controlling feeding can be mapped in part to its expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (paraventricular nucleus [PVN]), where it regulates the activity of anorexic neural circuits. Despite the critical role of PVN MC4R neurons in regulating feeding, the in vivo neuronal activity of these cells remains largely unstudied, and the network activity of PVN MC4R neurons has not been determined. Here, we utilize in vivo single-cell endomicroscopic and mathematical approaches to determine the activity and network dynamics of PVN MC4R neurons in response to changes in energy state and pharmacological manipulation of central melanocortin receptors. We determine that PVN MC4R neurons exhibit both quantitative and qualitative changes in response to fasting and refeeding. Pharmacological stimulation of MC4R with the therapeutic MC4R agonist setmelanotide rapidly increases basal PVN MC4R activity, while stimulation of melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R) inhibits PVN MC4R activity. Finally, we find that distinct PVN MC4R neuronal ensembles encode energy deficit and energy surfeit and that energy surfeit is associated with enhanced network connections within PVN MC4R neurons. These findings provide valuable insight into the neural dynamics underlying hunger and energy surfeit.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Nerve Net ; Optical Imaging ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/cytology ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/agonists ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis
    Chemical Substances MC4R protein, mouse ; Mc3r protein, mouse ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2011140118
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Deletion of the Feeding-Induced Hepatokine TSK Ameliorates the Melanocortin Obesity Syndrome.

    Wang, Qiuyu / Zhang, Peng / Cakir, Isin / Mi, Lin / Cone, Roger D / Lin, Jiandie D

    Diabetes

    2021  Volume 70, Issue 9, Page(s) 2081–2091

    Abstract: Work in recent decades has established that metabolic hormones released by endocrine cells and diverse other cell types serve to regulate nutrient intake and energy homeostasis. Tsukushi (TSK) is a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein secreted ... ...

    Abstract Work in recent decades has established that metabolic hormones released by endocrine cells and diverse other cell types serve to regulate nutrient intake and energy homeostasis. Tsukushi (TSK) is a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein secreted primarily by the liver that exerts an inhibitory effect on brown fat sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis. Despite this, physiological regulation of TSK and the mechanisms underlying its effects on energy balance remain poorly understood. Here we show that hepatic expression and plasma concentrations of TSK are induced by feeding and regulated by melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling. We generated TSK and MC4R-double-knockout mice to elucidate the nature of cross talk between TSK and the central regulatory circuit of energy balance. Remarkably, TSK inactivation restores energy balance, ameliorates hyperphagia, and improves metabolic health in MC4R-deficient mice. TSK ablation enhances thermogenic gene expression in brown fat, dampens obesity-association inflammation in the liver and adipose tissue, and protects MC4R-null mice from diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. At the cellular level, TSK deficiency augments feeding-induced c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results illustrate physiological cross talk between TSK and the central regulatory circuit in maintaining energy balance and metabolic homeostasis.
    MeSH term(s) Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects ; Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism ; Obesity/genetics ; Obesity/metabolism ; Proteoglycans/genetics ; Proteoglycans/metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Thermogenesis/physiology ; alpha-MSH/analogs & derivatives ; alpha-MSH/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Obesity Agents ; Proteoglycans ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 ; setmelanotide ; tsukushi protein, mouse ; alpha-MSH (581-05-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 80085-5
    ISSN 1939-327X ; 0012-1797
    ISSN (online) 1939-327X
    ISSN 0012-1797
    DOI 10.2337/db21-0161
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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