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  1. Article ; Online: Perspectives on Ligand/Protein Binding Kinetics Simulations: Force Fields, Machine Learning, Sampling, and User-Friendliness.

    Conflitti, Paolo / Raniolo, Stefano / Limongelli, Vittorio

    Journal of chemical theory and computation

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 18, Page(s) 6047–6061

    Abstract: Computational techniques applied to drug discovery have gained considerable popularity for their ability to filter potentially active drugs from inactive ones, reducing the time scale and costs of preclinical investigations. The main focus of these ... ...

    Abstract Computational techniques applied to drug discovery have gained considerable popularity for their ability to filter potentially active drugs from inactive ones, reducing the time scale and costs of preclinical investigations. The main focus of these studies has historically been the search for compounds endowed with high affinity for a specific molecular target to ensure the formation of stable and long-lasting complexes. Recent evidence has also correlated the in vivo drug efficacy with its binding kinetics, thus opening new fascinating scenarios for ligand/protein binding kinetic simulations in drug discovery. The present article examines the state of the art in the field, providing a brief summary of the most popular and advanced ligand/protein binding kinetics techniques and evaluating their current limitations and the potential solutions to reach more accurate kinetic models. Particular emphasis is put on the need for a paradigm change in the present methodologies toward ligand and protein parametrization, the force field problem, characterization of the transition states, the sampling issue, and algorithms' performance, user-friendliness, and data openness.
    MeSH term(s) Protein Binding ; Ligands ; Proteins/chemistry ; Algorithms ; Machine Learning ; Kinetics ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
    Chemical Substances Ligands ; Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1549-9626
    ISSN (online) 1549-9626
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00641
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Structural basis of dimerization of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4.

    Di Marino, Daniele / Conflitti, Paolo / Motta, Stefano / Limongelli, Vittorio

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 6439

    Abstract: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are prominent drug targets responsible for extracellular-to-intracellular signal transduction. GPCRs can form functional dimers that have been poorly characterized so far. Here, we show the dimerization mechanism of ... ...

    Abstract G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are prominent drug targets responsible for extracellular-to-intracellular signal transduction. GPCRs can form functional dimers that have been poorly characterized so far. Here, we show the dimerization mechanism of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 by means of an advanced free-energy technique named coarse-grained metadynamics. Our results reproduce binding events between the GPCRs occurring in the minute timescale, revealing a symmetric and an asymmetric dimeric structure for each of the three investigated systems, CCR5/CCR5, CXCR4/CXCR4, and CCR5/CXCR4. The transmembrane helices TM4-TM5 and TM6-TM7 are the preferred binding interfaces for CCR5 and CXCR4, respectively. The identified dimeric states differ in the access to the binding sites of the ligand and G protein, indicating that dimerization may represent a fine allosteric mechanism to regulate receptor activity. Our study offers structural basis for the design of ligands able to modulate the formation of CCR5 and CXCR4 dimers and in turn their activity, with therapeutic potential against HIV, cancer, and immune-inflammatory diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Dimerization ; Signal Transduction ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism ; Receptors, CCR5/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Chemokine ; Receptors, CCR5 ; Receptors, CXCR4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-42082-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Aggregation propensity of therapeutic fibrin-homing pentapeptides: insights from experiments and molecular dynamics simulations.

    Zanuy, David / Puiggalí-Jou, Anna / Conflitti, Paolo / Bocchinfuso, Gianfranco / Palleschi, Antonio / Alemán, Carlos

    Soft matter

    2020  Volume 16, Issue 44, Page(s) 10169–10179

    Abstract: CREKA (Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala) and its engineered analogue CRMeEKA, in which Glu has been replaced by N-methyl-Glu to provide resistance against proteolysis, are emerging pentapeptides that were specifically designed to bind fibrin-fibronectin complexes ... ...

    Abstract CREKA (Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala) and its engineered analogue CRMeEKA, in which Glu has been replaced by N-methyl-Glu to provide resistance against proteolysis, are emerging pentapeptides that were specifically designed to bind fibrin-fibronectin complexes accumulated in the walls of tumour vessels. However, many of the intrinsic properties of CREKA and CRMeEKA, which are probably responsible for their different behaviour when combined with other materials (such as polymers) for diagnosis and therapeutics, remain unknown yet. The intrinsic tendency of these pentapeptides to form aggregates has been analysed by combining experimental techniques and atomistic Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Dynamic light scattering assays show the formation of nanoaggregates that increase in size with the peptide concentration, even though aggregation occurs sooner for CRMeEKA, independently of the peptide concentration. FTIR and circular dichroism spectroscopy studies suggest that aggregated pentapeptides do not adopt any secondary structure. Atomistic MD trajectories show that CREKA aggregates faster and forms bigger molecular clusters than CRMeEKA. This behaviour has been explained by stability of the conformations adopted by un-associated peptide strands. While CREKA molecules organize by forming intramolecular backbone - side chain hydrogen bonds, CRMeEKA peptides display main chain - main chain hydrogen bonds closing very stable γ- or β-turns. Besides, energetic analyses reveal that CRMeEKA strands are better solvated in water than CREKA ones, independent of whether they are assembled or un-associated.
    MeSH term(s) Fibrin ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Peptides ; Protein Structure, Secondary
    Chemical Substances Peptides ; Fibrin (9001-31-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2191476-X
    ISSN 1744-6848 ; 1744-683X
    ISSN (online) 1744-6848
    ISSN 1744-683X
    DOI 10.1039/d0sm00930j
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Ubiquitylation of BBSome is required for ciliary assembly and signaling.

    Chiuso, Francesco / Delle Donne, Rossella / Giamundo, Giuliana / Rinaldi, Laura / Borzacchiello, Domenica / Moraca, Federica / Intartaglia, Daniela / Iannucci, Rosa / Senatore, Emanuela / Lignitto, Luca / Garbi, Corrado / Conflitti, Paolo / Catalanotti, Bruno / Conte, Ivan / Feliciello, Antonio

    EMBO reports

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) e55571

    Abstract: Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy characterized by retinal degeneration, obesity, renal abnormalities, postaxial polydactyly, and developmental defects. Genes mutated in BBS encode for components and regulators of the BBSome, an octameric ... ...

    Abstract Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy characterized by retinal degeneration, obesity, renal abnormalities, postaxial polydactyly, and developmental defects. Genes mutated in BBS encode for components and regulators of the BBSome, an octameric complex that controls the trafficking of cargos and receptors within the primary cilium. Although both structure and function of the BBSome have been extensively studied, the impact of ubiquitin signaling on BBSome is largely unknown. We identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase PJA2 as a novel resident of the ciliary compartment and regulator of the BBSome. Upon GPCR-cAMP stimulation, PJA2 ubiquitylates BBSome subunits. We demonstrate that ubiquitylation of BBS1 at lysine 143 increases the stability of the BBSome and promotes its binding to BBS3, an Arf-like GTPase protein controlling the targeting of the BBSome to the ciliary membrane. Downregulation of PJA2 or expression of a ubiquitylation-defective BBS1 mutant (BBS1
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cilia/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Signal Transduction ; Bardet-Biedl Syndrome/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Ubiquitination
    Chemical Substances Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2020896-0
    ISSN 1469-3178 ; 1469-221X
    ISSN (online) 1469-3178
    ISSN 1469-221X
    DOI 10.15252/embr.202255571
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Correction to "Discovery of a Novel Class of Dual GPBAR1 Agonists-RORγt Inverse Agonists for the Treatment of IL-17-Mediated Disorders".

    Fiorillo, Bianca / Roselli, Rosalinda / Finamore, Claudia / Biagioli, Michele / di Giorgio, Cristina / Bordoni, Martina / Conflitti, Paolo / Marchianò, Silvia / Bellini, Rachele / Rapacciuolo, Pasquale / Cassiano, Chiara / Limongelli, Vittorio / Sepe, Valentina / Catalanotti, Bruno / Fiorucci, Stefano / Zampella, Angela

    ACS omega

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 47, Page(s) 45163

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07907.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07907.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ISSN 2470-1343
    ISSN (online) 2470-1343
    DOI 10.1021/acsomega.3c08464
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Discovery of a Novel Class of Dual GPBAR1 Agonists-RORγt Inverse Agonists for the Treatment of IL-17-Mediated Disorders.

    Fiorillo, Bianca / Roselli, Rosalinda / Finamore, Claudia / Biagioli, Michele / di Giorgio, Cristina / Bordoni, Martina / Conflitti, Paolo / Marchianò, Silvia / Bellini, Rachele / Rapacciuolo, Pasquale / Cassiano, Chiara / Limongelli, Vittorio / Sepe, Valentina / Catalanotti, Bruno / Fiorucci, Stefano / Zampella, Angela

    ACS omega

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 6, Page(s) 5983–5994

    Abstract: Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ-t (RORγt) and GPBAR1, a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor for bile acids, are attractive drug targets to develop clinically relevant small modulators as potent therapeutics for autoimmune diseases. ... ...

    Abstract Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ-t (RORγt) and GPBAR1, a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor for bile acids, are attractive drug targets to develop clinically relevant small modulators as potent therapeutics for autoimmune diseases. Herein, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated several new bile acid-derived ligands with potent dual activity. Furthermore, we performed molecular docking and MD calculations of the best dual modulators in the two targets to identify the binding modes as well as to better understand the molecular basis of the inverse agonism of RORγt by bile acid derivatives. Among these compounds,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2470-1343
    ISSN (online) 2470-1343
    DOI 10.1021/acsomega.2c07907
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Discovery of a Potent and Orally Active Dual GPBAR1/CysLT

    Fiorucci, Stefano / Rapacciuolo, Pasquale / Fiorillo, Bianca / Roselli, Rosalinda / Marchianò, Silvia / Di Giorgio, Cristina / Bordoni, Martina / Bellini, Rachele / Cassiano, Chiara / Conflitti, Paolo / Catalanotti, Bruno / Limongelli, Vittorio / Sepe, Valentina / Biagioli, Michele / Zampella, Angela

    Frontiers in pharmacology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 858137

    Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two highly prevalent human diseases caused by excessive fat deposition in the liver. Although multiple approaches have been suggested, NAFLD/NASH remains an unmet ... ...

    Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two highly prevalent human diseases caused by excessive fat deposition in the liver. Although multiple approaches have been suggested, NAFLD/NASH remains an unmet clinical need. Here, we report the discovery of a novel class of hybrid molecules designed to function as cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587355-6
    ISSN 1663-9812
    ISSN 1663-9812
    DOI 10.3389/fphar.2022.858137
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Protein-ligand binding with the coarse-grained Martini model.

    Souza, Paulo C T / Thallmair, Sebastian / Conflitti, Paolo / Ramírez-Palacios, Carlos / Alessandri, Riccardo / Raniolo, Stefano / Limongelli, Vittorio / Marrink, Siewert J

    Nature communications

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 3714

    Abstract: The detailed understanding of the binding of small molecules to proteins is the key for the development of novel drugs or to increase the acceptance of substrates by enzymes. Nowadays, computer-aided design of protein-ligand binding is an important tool ... ...

    Abstract The detailed understanding of the binding of small molecules to proteins is the key for the development of novel drugs or to increase the acceptance of substrates by enzymes. Nowadays, computer-aided design of protein-ligand binding is an important tool to accomplish this task. Current approaches typically rely on high-throughput docking essays or computationally expensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we present an approach to use the recently re-parametrized coarse-grained Martini model to perform unbiased millisecond sampling of protein-ligand interactions of small drug-like molecules. Remarkably, we achieve high accuracy without the need of any a priori knowledge of binding pockets or pathways. Our approach is applied to a range of systems from the well-characterized T4 lysozyme over members of the GPCR family and nuclear receptors to a variety of enzymes. The presented results open the way to high-throughput screening of ligand libraries or protein mutations using the coarse-grained Martini model.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteriophage T4/enzymology ; Biophysics ; Computational Biology ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Ligands ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Muramidase/chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/chemistry ; Thermodynamics
    Chemical Substances Ligands ; Proteins ; Muramidase (EC 3.2.1.17)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-17437-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Structural Basis for Developing Multitarget Compounds Acting on Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 1 and G-Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1.

    Fiorillo, Bianca / Sepe, Valentina / Conflitti, Paolo / Roselli, Rosalinda / Biagioli, Michele / Marchianò, Silvia / De Luca, Pasquale / Baronissi, Giuliana / Rapacciuolo, Pasquale / Cassiano, Chiara / Catalanotti, Bruno / Zampella, Angela / Limongelli, Vittorio / Fiorucci, Stefano

    Journal of medicinal chemistry

    2021  Volume 64, Issue 22, Page(s) 16512–16529

    Abstract: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the molecular target of 40% of marketed drugs and the most investigated structures to develop novel therapeutics. Different members of the GPCRs superfamily can modulate the same cellular process acting on diverse ... ...

    Abstract G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the molecular target of 40% of marketed drugs and the most investigated structures to develop novel therapeutics. Different members of the GPCRs superfamily can modulate the same cellular process acting on diverse pathways, thus representing an attractive opportunity to achieve multitarget drugs with synergic pharmacological effects. Here, we present a series of compounds with dual activity toward cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Colitis/drug therapy ; Humans ; Leukotriene D4/pharmacology ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Mice ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Protein Binding ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Receptors, Leukotriene/drug effects ; Receptors, Leukotriene/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; GPBAR1 protein, human ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Leukotriene ; Leukotriene D4 (73836-78-9) ; leukotriene D4 receptor (LRF7RW46ID)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218133-2
    ISSN 1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
    ISSN (online) 1520-4804
    ISSN 0022-2623
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01078
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Identification of cysteinyl-leukotriene-receptor 1 antagonists as ligands for the bile acid receptor GPBAR1.

    Biagioli, Michele / Carino, Adriana / Marchianò, Silvia / Roselli, Rosalinda / Di Giorgio, Cristina / Bordoni, Martina / Fiorucci, Chiara / Sepe, Valentina / Conflitti, Paolo / Limongelli, Vittorio / Distrutti, Eleonora / Baldoni, Monia / Zampella, Angela / Fiorucci, Stefano

    Biochemical pharmacology

    2020  Volume 177, Page(s) 113987

    Abstract: The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), i.e. ... ...

    Abstract The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), i.e. LTC
    MeSH term(s) Acetates/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Bile Acids and Salts/pharmacology ; Colitis/drug therapy ; Colitis/genetics ; Colitis/metabolism ; Colitis/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Reporter ; HEK293 Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Leukotriene Antagonists/pharmacology ; Leukotriene C4/metabolism ; Leukotriene D4/metabolism ; Leukotriene E4/metabolism ; Luciferases/genetics ; Luciferases/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Quinolines/pharmacology ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Receptors, Leukotriene/chemistry ; Receptors, Leukotriene/genetics ; Receptors, Leukotriene/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances 6-ethyl-24-norcholane-3,7,23-triol-23 sulfate ; Acetates ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Bile Acids and Salts ; GPBAR1 protein, human ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; Quinolines ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Leukotriene ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol (101910-24-1) ; Leukotriene C4 (2CU6TT9V48) ; Leukotriene D4 (73836-78-9) ; Leukotriene E4 (75715-89-8) ; Luciferases (EC 1.13.12.-) ; leukotriene D4 receptor (LRF7RW46ID) ; montelukast (MHM278SD3E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208787-x
    ISSN 1873-2968 ; 0006-2952
    ISSN (online) 1873-2968
    ISSN 0006-2952
    DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113987
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