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  1. Article ; Online: Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors As Emerging Targets for the Treatment of Schizophrenia.

    Dogra, Shalini / Conn, P Jeffrey

    Molecular pharmacology

    2022  Volume 101, Issue 5, Page(s) 275–285

    Abstract: Accumulating evidence of glutamatergic abnormalities in the brains of schizophrenia patients has led to efforts to target various components of glutamatergic signaling as potential new approaches for schizophrenia. Exciting research suggests that ... ...

    Abstract Accumulating evidence of glutamatergic abnormalities in the brains of schizophrenia patients has led to efforts to target various components of glutamatergic signaling as potential new approaches for schizophrenia. Exciting research suggests that metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors could provide a fundamentally new approach for better symptomatic relief in patients with schizophrenia. In preclinical studies, the mGlu
    MeSH term(s) Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Antipsychotic Agents ; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5 ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 124034-1
    ISSN 1521-0111 ; 0026-895X
    ISSN (online) 1521-0111
    ISSN 0026-895X
    DOI 10.1124/molpharm.121.000460
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors as Novel Therapeutics for Neuropsychiatric Disease.

    Luessen, Deborah J / Conn, P Jeffrey

    Pharmacological reviews

    2022  Volume 74, Issue 3, Page(s) 630–661

    Abstract: Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, have been identified as novel therapeutic targets based on extensive research supporting their diverse contributions to cell signaling and physiology throughout the nervous ...

    Abstract Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, have been identified as novel therapeutic targets based on extensive research supporting their diverse contributions to cell signaling and physiology throughout the nervous system and important roles in regulating complex behaviors, such as cognition, reward, and movement. Thus, targeting mGlu receptors may be a promising strategy for the treatment of several brain disorders. Ongoing advances in the discovery of subtype-selective allosteric modulators for mGlu receptors has provided an unprecedented opportunity for highly specific modulation of signaling by individual mGlu receptor subtypes in the brain by targeting sites distinct from orthosteric or endogenous ligand binding sites on mGlu receptors. These pharmacological agents provide the unparalleled opportunity to selectively regulate neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and subsequent behavioral output pertinent to many brain disorders. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the utility of mGlu receptor allosteric modulators as novel therapeutic approaches to treat neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and stress-related disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors represents a promising therapeutic strategy to normalize dysregulated cellular physiology associated with neuropsychiatric disease. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies using mGlu receptor allosteric modulators as experimental tools and potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, stress, and substance use disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Allosteric Regulation/physiology ; Binding Sites ; Brain Diseases ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/chemistry ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate ; Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 209898-2
    ISSN 1521-0081 ; 0031-6997
    ISSN (online) 1521-0081
    ISSN 0031-6997
    DOI 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000540
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Targeting metabotropic glutamate receptors for the treatment of depression and other stress-related disorders.

    Dogra, Shalini / Conn, P Jeffrey

    Neuropharmacology

    2021  Volume 196, Page(s) 108687

    Abstract: The discovery of robust antidepressant effects of ketamine in refractory patients has led to increasing focus on agents targeting glutamatergic signaling as potential novel antidepressant strategy. Among the agents targeting the glutamatergic system, ... ...

    Abstract The discovery of robust antidepressant effects of ketamine in refractory patients has led to increasing focus on agents targeting glutamatergic signaling as potential novel antidepressant strategy. Among the agents targeting the glutamatergic system, compounds acting at metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are among the most promising agents under studies for depressive disorders. Further, the receptor diversity, distinct distribution in the CNS, and ability to modulate the glutamatergic neurotransmission in the brain areas implicated in mood disorders make them an exciting target for stress-related disorders. In preclinical models, antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of mGlu
    MeSH term(s) Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy ; Brain/metabolism ; Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy ; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant/drug therapy ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Ketamine/therapeutic use ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/antagonists & inhibitors ; Stress, Psychological/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5 ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate ; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 ; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 ; metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 ; Ketamine (690G0D6V8H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 218272-5
    ISSN 1873-7064 ; 0028-3908
    ISSN (online) 1873-7064
    ISSN 0028-3908
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108687
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Targeting the Actions of Muscarinic Receptors on Dopamine Systems: New Strategies for Treating Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

    Nunes, Eric J / Addy, Nii A / Conn, P Jeffrey / Foster, Daniel J

    Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology

    2023  Volume 64, Page(s) 277–289

    Abstract: Cholinergic regulation of dopamine (DA) signaling has significant implications for numerous disorders, including schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and mood-related disorders. The activity of midbrain DA neurons and DA release patterns in terminal ... ...

    Abstract Cholinergic regulation of dopamine (DA) signaling has significant implications for numerous disorders, including schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and mood-related disorders. The activity of midbrain DA neurons and DA release patterns in terminal regions are tightly regulated by cholinergic neurons found in both the striatum and the hindbrain. These cholinergic neurons can modulate DA circuitry by activating numerous receptors, including muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes. This review specifically focuses on the complex role of M2, M4, and M5 mAChR subtypes in regulating DA neuron activity and DA release and the potential clinical implications of targeting these mAChR subtypes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dopamine ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X) ; Receptors, Muscarinic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 196587-6
    ISSN 1545-4304 ; 0362-1642
    ISSN (online) 1545-4304
    ISSN 0362-1642
    DOI 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-023858
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 as a potential therapeutic target for psychiatric and neurological disorders.

    Dogra, Shalini / Putnam, Jason / Conn, P Jeffrey

    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior

    2022  Volume 221, Page(s) 173493

    Abstract: Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and abnormalities in the glutamatergic system underlie various CNS disorders. As metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 ( ... ...

    Abstract Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and abnormalities in the glutamatergic system underlie various CNS disorders. As metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate ; Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy ; Central Nervous System ; Glutamic Acid
    Chemical Substances metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate ; Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 191042-5
    ISSN 1873-5177 ; 0091-3057
    ISSN (online) 1873-5177
    ISSN 0091-3057
    DOI 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173493
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Leveraging bias to your advantage.

    Moran, Sean P / Conn, P Jeffrey

    Nature chemical biology

    2020  Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 226–227

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cholinergic Agents ; Mice ; Receptor, Muscarinic M1
    Chemical Substances Cholinergic Agents ; Receptor, Muscarinic M1
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2202962-X
    ISSN 1552-4469 ; 1552-4450
    ISSN (online) 1552-4469
    ISSN 1552-4450
    DOI 10.1038/s41589-020-0468-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Roles of the M

    Moehle, Mark S / Conn, P Jeffrey

    Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

    2019  Volume 34, Issue 8, Page(s) 1089–1099

    Abstract: Acetylcholine (ACh) released from cholinergic interneurons acting through nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the striatum have been thought to be central for the potent cholinergic regulation of basal ganglia activity and motor ... ...

    Abstract Acetylcholine (ACh) released from cholinergic interneurons acting through nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the striatum have been thought to be central for the potent cholinergic regulation of basal ganglia activity and motor behaviors. ACh activation of mAChRs has multiple actions to oppose dopamine (DA) release, signaling, and related motor behaviors and has led to the idea that a delicate balance of DA and mAChR signaling in the striatum is critical for maintaining normal motor function. Consistent with this, mAChR antagonists have efficacy in reducing motor symptoms in diseases where DA release or signaling is diminished, such as in Parkinson's disease and dystonia, but are limited in their utility because of severe adverse effects. Recent breakthroughs in understanding both the anatomical sites of action of ACh and the mAChR subtypes involved in regulating basal ganglia function reveal that the M
    MeSH term(s) Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Basal Ganglia/metabolism ; Cholinergic Neurons/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dystonia/drug therapy ; Dystonia/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Humans ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Movement Disorders/drug therapy ; Movement Disorders/metabolism ; Muscarinic Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Neostriatum/metabolism ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; Receptor, Muscarinic M4/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptor, Muscarinic M4/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission
    Chemical Substances Muscarinic Antagonists ; Receptor, Muscarinic M4 ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L) ; Acetylcholine (N9YNS0M02X) ; Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 607633-6
    ISSN 1531-8257 ; 0885-3185
    ISSN (online) 1531-8257
    ISSN 0885-3185
    DOI 10.1002/mds.27740
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Neuropharmacological Insight from Allosteric Modulation of mGlu Receptors.

    Stansley, Branden J / Conn, P Jeffrey

    Trends in pharmacological sciences

    2019  Volume 40, Issue 4, Page(s) 240–252

    Abstract: The metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that regulate cell physiology throughout the nervous system. The potential of mGlu receptors as therapeutic targets has been bolstered by current research ... ...

    Abstract The metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that regulate cell physiology throughout the nervous system. The potential of mGlu receptors as therapeutic targets has been bolstered by current research that has provided insight into the diverse modes of mGlu activation and signaling. In particular, the allosteric modulation of mGlu receptors represents a major area of focus in studies of basic pharmacology as well as drug development, largely due to the high subtype specificity achievable by targeting allosteric sites on mGlu receptors. These provide sophisticated regulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission to influence behavioral output. Here, we review how these allosteric mechanisms have been leveraged preclinically to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of allosteric modulators for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism, cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease (PD), stress, and schizophrenia.
    MeSH term(s) Allosteric Regulation ; Allosteric Site ; Animals ; Drug Development ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/drug therapy ; Mental Disorders/physiopathology ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/drug effects ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 282846-7
    ISSN 1873-3735 ; 0165-6147
    ISSN (online) 1873-3735
    ISSN 0165-6147
    DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2019.02.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Targeting muscarinic receptors to treat schizophrenia.

    Foster, Daniel J / Bryant, Zoey K / Conn, P Jeffrey

    Behavioural brain research

    2021  Volume 405, Page(s) 113201

    Abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a diverse range of symptoms that can have profound impacts on the lives of patients. Currently available antipsychotics target dopamine receptors, and while they are useful for ... ...

    Abstract Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a diverse range of symptoms that can have profound impacts on the lives of patients. Currently available antipsychotics target dopamine receptors, and while they are useful for ameliorating the positive symptoms of the disorder, this approach often does not significantly improve negative and cognitive symptoms. Excitingly, preclinical and clinical research suggests that targeting specific muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes could provide more comprehensive symptomatic relief with the potential to ameliorate numerous symptom domains. Mechanistic studies reveal that M1, M4, and M5 receptor subtypes can modulate the specific brain circuits and physiology that are disrupted in schizophrenia and are thought to underlie positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Novel therapeutic strategies for targeting these receptors are now advancing in clinical and preclinical development and expand upon the promise of these new treatment strategies to potentially provide more comprehensive relief than currently available antipsychotics.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology ; Clozapine/pharmacology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Humans ; Muscarinic Agonists/pharmacology ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects ; Schizophrenia/complications ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; Thiadiazoles/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Antipsychotic Agents ; Muscarinic Agonists ; Pyridines ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; Thiadiazoles ; xanomeline (9ORI6L73CJ) ; Clozapine (J60AR2IKIC)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-26
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 449927-x
    ISSN 1872-7549 ; 0166-4328
    ISSN (online) 1872-7549
    ISSN 0166-4328
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113201
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Increased Synaptic Strength and mGlu

    Joffe, Max E / Winder, Danny G / Conn, P Jeffrey

    Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research

    2021  Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 518–529

    Abstract: Background: The medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for regulating craving and alcohol seeking in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients and alcohol seeking in animal models. Maladaptive changes in volitional ethanol (EtOH) intake have been ... ...

    Abstract Background: The medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for regulating craving and alcohol seeking in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients and alcohol seeking in animal models. Maladaptive changes in volitional ethanol (EtOH) intake have been associated with PFC function, yet synaptic adaptations within PFC have not been consistently detected in voluntary drinking rodent models. At least 80% of the neurons in PFC are glutamatergic pyramidal cells. Pyramidal cells provide the predominant cortical output to several brain regions relevant to AUD, including structures within the telencephalon (IT: e.g., basal ganglia, amygdala, other neocortical regions) and outside the telencephalon (ET: e.g., lateral hypothalamus, midbrain monoaminergic structures, thalamus).
    Methods: In addition to their anatomical distinctions, studies from several laboratories have revealed that prefrontal cortical IT and ET pyramidal cells may be differentiated by specific electrophysiological parameters. These distinguishable parameters make it possible to readily classify pyramidal cells into separable subtypes. Here, we employed and validated the hyperpolarization sag ratio as a diagnostic proxy for separating ET (type A) and IT (type B) neurons. We recorded from deep-layer prelimbic PFC pyramidal cells of mice 1 day after 4 to 5 weeks of intermittent access (IA) EtOH exposure.
    Results: Membrane properties were not altered by IA EtOH, but excitatory postsynaptic strength onto IT type B neurons was selectively enhanced in slices from IA EtOH mice. The increased excitatory drive was accompanied by enhanced mGlu
    Conclusions: Together, these studies provide insight into the specific PFC neurocircuits altered by voluntary drinking. In addition, the findings provide an additional rationale for developing compounds that potentiate mGlu
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Ethanol/administration & dosage ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/cytology ; Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/physiology ; Synapses/drug effects ; Synapses/physiology
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate ; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 ; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 428999-7
    ISSN 1530-0277 ; 0145-6008
    ISSN (online) 1530-0277
    ISSN 0145-6008
    DOI 10.1111/acer.14546
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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