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Article ; Online: Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering applied to lipid-based nanoparticles: Recent advancements across different length scales.

Caselli, Lucrezia / Conti, Laura / De Santis, Ilaria / Berti, Debora

Advances in colloid and interface science

2024 Volume 327, Page(s) 103156

Abstract: Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs), ranging from nanovesicles to non-lamellar assemblies, have gained significant attention in recent years, as versatile carriers for delivering drugs, vaccines, and nutrients. Small-angle scattering methods, employing X- ... ...

Abstract	Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs), ranging from nanovesicles to non-lamellar assemblies, have gained significant attention in recent years, as versatile carriers for delivering drugs, vaccines, and nutrients. Small-angle scattering methods, employing X-rays (SAXS) or neutrons (SANS), represent unique tools to unveil structure, dynamics, and interactions of such particles on different length scales, spanning from the nano to the molecular scale. This review explores the state-of-the-art on scattering methods applied to unveil the structure of lipid-based nanoparticles and their interactions with drugs and bioactive molecules, to inform their rational design and formulation for medical applications. We will focus on complementary information accessible with X-rays or neutrons, ranging from insights on the structure and colloidal processes at a nanoscale level (SAXS) to details on the lipid organization and molecular interactions of LNPs (SANS). In addition, we will review new opportunities offered by Time-resolved (TR)-SAXS and -SANS for the investigation of dynamic processes involving LNPs. These span from real-time monitoring of LNPs structural evolution in response to endogenous or external stimuli (TR-SANS), to the investigation of the kinetics of lipid diffusion and exchange upon interaction with biomolecules (TR-SANS). Finally, we will spotlight novel combinations of SAXS and SANS with complementary on-line techniques, recently enabled at Large Scale Facilities for X-rays and neutrons. This emerging technology enables synchronized multi-method investigation, offering exciting opportunities for the simultaneous characterization of the structure and chemical or mechanical properties of LNPs.
MeSH term(s)	Scattering, Small Angle ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Neutron Diffraction ; Lipids/chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	210507-x
ISSN	1873-3727 ; 0001-8686
ISSN (online)	1873-3727
ISSN	0001-8686
DOI	10.1016/j.cis.2024.103156
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Are Cancer Stem Cells a Suitable Target for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy?

Ruiu, Roberto / Di Lorenzo, Antonino / Cavallo, Federica / Conti, Laura

Frontiers in oncology

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 877384

Abstract: There is substantial evidence to suggest that complete tumor eradication relies on the effective elimination of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have been widely described as mediators of resistance to conventional therapies, including chemo- and ... ...

Abstract	There is substantial evidence to suggest that complete tumor eradication relies on the effective elimination of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have been widely described as mediators of resistance to conventional therapies, including chemo- and radiotherapy, as well as of tumor metastasization and relapse in different tumor types, including breast cancer. However, the resistant phenotype of CSCs makes their targeting a tough task, and immunotherapy may therefore be an interesting option. Nevertheless, although immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer treatment have generated great enthusiasm due to recent success in clinics, breast cancer treatment mostly relies on standard approaches. In this context, we review the existing literature on the immunological properties of breast CSC and immunotherapeutic approaches to them. We will thus attempt to clarify whether there is room for the immunotargeting of breast CSCs in the current landscape of breast cancer therapies. Finally, we will provide our opinion on the CSC-targeting immunotherapeutic strategies that could prospectively be attempted.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2022.877384
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (MRI-CEST) Method for the Detection of Water Cycling across Cellular Membranes.

Di Gregorio, Enza / Papi, Chiara / Conti, Laura / Di Lorenzo, Antonino / Cavallari, Eleonora / Salvatore, Marco / Cavaliere, Carlo / Ferrauto, Giuseppe / Aime, Silvio

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

2024 Volume 63, Issue 6, Page(s) e202313485

Abstract: Water cycling across the membrane transporters is considered a hallmark of cellular metabolism and it could be of high diagnostic relevance in the characterization of tumors and other diseases. The method relies on the response of intracellular proton ... ...

Abstract	Water cycling across the membrane transporters is considered a hallmark of cellular metabolism and it could be of high diagnostic relevance in the characterization of tumors and other diseases. The method relies on the response of intracellular proton exchanging molecules to the presence of extracellular Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Paramagnetic GBCAs enhances the relaxation rate of water molecules in the extracellular compartment and, through membrane exchange, the relaxation enhancement is transferred to intracellular molecules. The effect is detected at the MRI-CEST (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer) signal of intracellular proton exchanging molecules. The magnitude of the change in the CEST response reports on water cycling across the membrane. The method has been tested on Red Blood Cells and on orthotopic murine models of breast cancer with different degree of malignancy (4T1, TS/A and 168FARN). The distribution of voxels reporting on membrane permeability fits well with the cells' aggressiveness and acts as an early reporter to monitor therapeutic treatments.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Humans ; Animals ; Protons ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Brain Neoplasms ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Contrast Media/chemistry ; Water
Chemical Substances	Protons ; Contrast Media ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2011836-3
ISSN	1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
ISSN (online)	1521-3773
ISSN	1433-7851
DOI	10.1002/anie.202313485
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Role of the Toll-like Receptor 2 and the cGAS-STING Pathways in Breast Cancer: Friends or Foes?

Cossu, Chiara / Di Lorenzo, Antonino / Fiorilla, Irene / Todesco, Alberto Maria / Audrito, Valentina / Conti, Laura

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 25, Issue 1

Abstract: Breast cancer stands as a primary malignancy among women, ranking second in global cancer-related deaths. Despite treatment advancements, many patients progress to metastatic stages, posing a significant therapeutic challenge. Current therapies primarily ...

Abstract	Breast cancer stands as a primary malignancy among women, ranking second in global cancer-related deaths. Despite treatment advancements, many patients progress to metastatic stages, posing a significant therapeutic challenge. Current therapies primarily target cancer cells, overlooking their intricate interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) that fuel progression and treatment resistance. Dysregulated innate immunity in breast cancer triggers chronic inflammation, fostering cancer development and therapy resistance. Innate immune pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have emerged as crucial regulators of the immune response as well as of several immune-mediated or cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms that either inhibit or promote tumor progression. In particular, several studies showed that the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways play a central role in breast cancer progression. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the role of TLR2 and STING in breast cancer, and we explore the potential to target these PRRs for drug development. This information will significantly impact the scientific discussion on the use of PRR agonists or inhibitors in cancer therapy, opening up new and promising avenues for breast cancer treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; Breast ; Drug Development ; Nucleotidyltransferases ; Tumor Microenvironment
Chemical Substances	Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; Nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25010456
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Comparison of Clinical, Biochemical and Histological Features between Adult Celiac Patients with High and Low Anti-Transglutaminase IgA Titer at Diagnosis and Follow-Up.

Galli, Gloria / Carabotti, Marilia / Conti, Laura / Scalamonti, Silvia / Annibale, Bruno / Lahner, Edith

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 9

Abstract: In adults, celiac disease (CD) diagnosis is based on specific serology (anti-transglutaminase IgA-anti-tTG) and duodenal histology. Evidence is raising the possibility of perform CD diagnosis based only on high anti-tTG titer in children. We aimed to ... ...

Abstract	In adults, celiac disease (CD) diagnosis is based on specific serology (anti-transglutaminase IgA-anti-tTG) and duodenal histology. Evidence is raising the possibility of perform CD diagnosis based only on high anti-tTG titer in children. We aimed to evaluate clinical, histological and biochemical differences between adult patients with high tTG IgA titer (HT) and those with low titer (LT) at CD diagnosis and follow-up. This retrospective study included consecutive adult CD patients divided into two groups: HT (anti-tTG > 10 × ULN) and LT (anti-tTG < 10 × ULN). Clinical, biochemical and histological features were compared between groups at CD diagnosis and at follow-up. A total of 291 patients were included (HT: 47.1%; LT: 52.9%). At CD diagnosis, HT patients showed a non 'classical' presentation (
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Celiac Disease/diagnosis ; Diet, Gluten-Free ; Transglutaminases ; Immunoglobulin A
Chemical Substances	Transglutaminases (EC 2.3.2.13) ; Immunoglobulin A
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15092151
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Flow Cytometry for Beginners: Hints and Tips for Approaching the Very First Single-Cell Technique.

Proserpio, Valentina / Conti, Laura / Oliviero, Salvatore

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2021 Volume 2386, Page(s) 27–41

Abstract: While many single-cell proteomics techniques have been rapidly developed over the past decade, flow cytometry still remains the pillar of single-cell protein analysis, as it allows to rapidly analyze and characterize protein expression in millions of ... ...

Abstract	While many single-cell proteomics techniques have been rapidly developed over the past decade, flow cytometry still remains the pillar of single-cell protein analysis, as it allows to rapidly analyze and characterize protein expression in millions of cells.In this chapter, we will describe the main steps to prepare and acquire samples for flow cytometry, with particular focus on the setup of the right controls that are instrumental in analyzing and interpreting the results.
MeSH term(s)	Flow Cytometry ; Proteins ; Proteomics ; Single-Cell Analysis
Chemical Substances	Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-1771-7_3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Sex–Gender Differences in Adult Coeliac Disease at Diagnosis and Gluten-Free-Diet Follow-Up

Galli, Gloria / Amici, Giulia / Conti, Laura / Lahner, Edith / Annibale, Bruno / Carabotti, Marilia

Nutrients. 2022 Aug. 04, v. 14, no. 15

2022

Abstract: Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion. At CD diagnosis, gender differences have been previously reported, but data regarding follow-up are scant. We investigated gender differences in CD adult patients both ... ...

Abstract	Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion. At CD diagnosis, gender differences have been previously reported, but data regarding follow-up are scant. We investigated gender differences in CD adult patients both at the time of diagnosis and at follow-up after the start of the gluten-free diet (GFD). This is a longitudinal cohort study on adult CD patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2019. Clinical, biochemical, and histological data were assessed and compared between males and females. At diagnosis, female gender was significantly associated with signs of malabsorption (OR 3.39; 95% CI: 1.4–7.9), longer duration of symptoms and/or signs before the diagnosis (OR 3.39; 95% CI: 1.5–7.5), heartburn (OR 2.99; 95% CI: 1.1–8.0), dyspepsia (OR 2.70; 95% CI: 1.1–6.5), nausea/vomit (OR 3.53; 95% CI: 1.1–10.9), and constipation (OR 4.84; 95% CI: 1.2–19.6) and less frequently associated to higher body mass index (OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.8–0.9) and osteopenia/osteoporosis (OR 0.30; 95% CI: 0.1–0.7) compared to male patients. After 12–30 months, females presented lower median BMI, performed less frequently histological control, and had more frequently anaemia and hypoferritinaemia compared to males. No significant differences concerning the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, adherence to GFD, and Marsh score were found. Gender differences found at CD diagnosis mostly disappear at the follow-up, showing that these differences can be solved over time.
Keywords	adults ; anemia ; body mass index ; celiac disease ; cohort studies ; constipation ; females ; gastrointestinal system ; gluten ; gluten-free diet ; histology ; indigestion ; ingestion ; males ; nausea ; osteopenia ; osteoporosis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0804
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14153192
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Autoimmune Gastritis and Gastric Microbiota.

Conti, Laura / Annibale, Bruno / Lahner, Edith

Microorganisms

2020 Volume 8, Issue 11

Abstract: Autoimmune atrophic gastritis is an organ-specific immune-mediated condition characterized by atrophy of the oxyntic mucosa. Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) is characterized by a progressive loss of acid-secreting parietal cells leading to hypo- ... ...

Abstract	Autoimmune atrophic gastritis is an organ-specific immune-mediated condition characterized by atrophy of the oxyntic mucosa. Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) is characterized by a progressive loss of acid-secreting parietal cells leading to hypo-achlorhydria. Due to this peculiar intra-gastric environment, gastric microbiota composition in individuals with autoimmune atrophic gastritis was first supposed and then recently reported to be different from subjects with a normal acidic healthy stomach. Recent data confirm the prominent role of
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms8111827
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Article: Effects of the Layer Height and Exposure Energy on the Lateral Resolution of Zirconia Parts Printed by Lithography-Based Additive Manufacturing.

Conti, Laura / Bienenstein, Daniel / Borlaf, Mario / Graule, Thomas

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract: Lithography-based ceramics manufacturing (LCM) processes enable the sophisticated 3 dimensional (3D) shaping of ceramics by additive manufacturing (AM). The build-up occurs, like many other AM processes, layer by layer, and is initiated by light. The ... ...

Abstract	Lithography-based ceramics manufacturing (LCM) processes enable the sophisticated 3 dimensional (3D) shaping of ceramics by additive manufacturing (AM). The build-up occurs, like many other AM processes, layer by layer, and is initiated by light. The built-in digital mirror device (DMD) enables the specific exposure of desired pixels for every layer, giving as a consequence a first estimation of the printing resolution in the x and y axes. In this work, a commercial zirconia slurry and the CeraFab 7500, both from Lithoz GmbH (Vienna, Austria), were used to investigate the potential of reaching this resolution. The results showed that the precision of a part is strongly dependent on the applied exposure energy. Higher exposure energies resulted in oversized dimensions of a part, whereas too low energy was not able to guarantee the formation of a stable part. Furthermore, the investigation of the layer thickness showed that the applied exposure energy (mJ/cm
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma13061317
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Article ; Online: Breast cancer stem cell antigens as targets for immunotherapy.

Quaglino, Elena / Conti, Laura / Cavallo, Federica

Seminars in immunology

2020 Volume 47, Page(s) 101386

Abstract: The great success of immunotherapy is paving the way for a new era in cancer treatment and is driving major improvements in the therapy of patients suffering from a range of solid tumors. However, the choice of the appropriate tumor antigens to be ... ...

Abstract	The great success of immunotherapy is paving the way for a new era in cancer treatment and is driving major improvements in the therapy of patients suffering from a range of solid tumors. However, the choice of the appropriate tumor antigens to be targeted with cancer vaccines and T-cell therapies is still a challenge. Most antigens targeted so far have been identified on the tumor bulk and are expressed on differentiated cancer cells. The discovery of a small population of cancer stem cells (CSC), which is refractory to most current therapies and responsible for the development of metastasis and recurrence, has made it clear that the ideal targets for immunotherapies are the antigens that are expressed in CSC and play a key role in their function. Indeed, their immunotargeting would enable the eradication of CSC to be performed, thus eliminating the tumor source. We call these antigens "CSC oncoantigens". Herein, we summarize the controversial nature of breast CSC, discuss why they represent good candidates for cancer immunotherapy, and review the CSC antigens that have been used as targets for CSC immunotargeting this far. Moreover, we describe the pipeline that we have developed for the identification of fresh CSC oncoantigens, and present the pre-clinical results obtained with vaccines that target some of these antigens.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms/immunology ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Cell Self Renewal ; Epitope Mapping ; Female ; Humans ; Immunomodulation ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Neoplasm ; Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1018141-6
ISSN	1096-3618 ; 1044-5323
ISSN (online)	1096-3618
ISSN	1044-5323
DOI	10.1016/j.smim.2020.101386
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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