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Article ; Online: Fell on Black Days: Analyzing the Song Lyrics of Chris Cornell for Insight into Depression and Suicide.

Conway, Kevin P / McGrain, Patrick / Theodory, Michelle

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 16

Abstract: Chris Cornell was a guitarist, singer, songwriter, and pioneer of grunge music. Cornell struggled with mental illness and addiction and incorporated these themes into his song lyrics. At age 52, Cornell died by suicide in his hotel bathroom following a ... ...

Abstract	Chris Cornell was a guitarist, singer, songwriter, and pioneer of grunge music. Cornell struggled with mental illness and addiction and incorporated these themes into his song lyrics. At age 52, Cornell died by suicide in his hotel bathroom following a live performance. This mixed-methods study examines Cornell's song lyrics for references to negative words and themes related to depression and suicide. Two coders independently reviewed lyrical transcripts to identify the primary theme, secondary theme(s), and valence (positive or negative). Sentiment analysis, a natural language processing technique, was used to examine word frequency and valence. Songs (N = 215) were predominantly (79%) negative and contained more negative (N = 3244, 56.1%) than positive (N = 2537, 43.9%) words. Thematic analysis by stage of career shows a narrowing focus on depression, failed relationships, and morbid thoughts. Themes of depressed mood, death, and suicide were common and increased by stage of career. By applying qualitative and quantitative techniques to song lyrics, this study revealed that Cornell's songs reflect a narrative of negativity consistent with someone experiencing depression and thoughts of death and suicide. Like personal notes and poems, song lyrics may reflect symptoms of depression and suicidal thoughts warranting clinical attention.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Depression ; Suicide ; Suicidal Ideation ; Mental Disorders ; Behavior, Addictive
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20166621
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Rural and urban differences in undersupply of buprenorphine provider availability in the United States, 2018.

Conway, Kevin P / Khoury, Dalia / Hilscher, Rainer / Aldridge, Arnie P / Parker, Stephanie J / Zarkin, Gary A

Addiction science & clinical practice

2022 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 5

Abstract: Background: Medications to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) including buprenorphine products are evidence-based and cost-effective tools for combating the opioid crisis. However, limited availability to buprenorphine is pervasive in the United States (US) ...

Abstract	Background: Medications to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) including buprenorphine products are evidence-based and cost-effective tools for combating the opioid crisis. However, limited availability to buprenorphine is pervasive in the United States (US) and may serve to exacerbate the deadly epidemic. Although prior research points to rural counties as especially needy of strategies that improve buprenorphine availability, it is important to investigate the availability of waivered providers according to treatment need as defined by the county-level rate of opioid-overdose deaths (OOD). This study examined differences in buprenorphine provider availability relative to treatment need among rural and urban counties in the US. Methods: Buprenorphine provider availability relative to need in each county was defined as the number of waivered providers divided by the rate of OODs (i.e., number of OODs/100,000 population), according to 2018 data. Counties with ratios in the bottom tertile of their state were classified as buprenorphine undersupplied. We estimated logit models to statistically test the association of rurality and state main effects and their interaction terms (independent variables) and the county classified as buprenorphine undersupplied (dependent variable). Results: A total of 38 states and 2595 counties had sufficient non-suppressed data to remain in the analysis. A larger percent of urban counties (36.43%) than rural counties (32.01%) were classified as buprenorphine undersupplied (p = 0.001). The likelihood of a rural county being undersupplied varied considerably by state (Chi Square = 82.88, p = 0.000). All states with significant (p < 0.05 or p < 0.10) interaction terms showed lower likelihood of buprenorphine undersupply in rural counties. Conclusions: The rural-urban distribution in undersupply of waivered buprenorphine providers relative to need varied markedly by state. Strategies for improving access to buprenorphine-waivered providers should be state-centric and informed by county-specific indicators of need.
MeSH term(s)	Buprenorphine/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Rural Population ; United States/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Buprenorphine (40D3SCR4GZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2492632-2
ISSN	1940-0640 ; 1940-0640
ISSN (online)	1940-0640
ISSN	1940-0640
DOI	10.1186/s13722-021-00282-2
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Article ; Online: Comorbidity and Coaggregation of Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder and Cannabis Use Disorder in a Controlled Family Study.

Quick, Courtney R / Conway, Kevin P / Swendsen, Joel / Stapp, Emma K / Cui, Lihong / Merikangas, Kathleen R

JAMA psychiatry

2022 Volume 79, Issue 7, Page(s) 727–735

Abstract: Importance: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is increasing in the US. Clarification of the potential mechanisms underlying the comorbidity between mood disorders and CUD may help prevent CUD.: Objective: To examine co-occurrence and familial aggregation ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is increasing in the US. Clarification of the potential mechanisms underlying the comorbidity between mood disorders and CUD may help prevent CUD. Objective: To examine co-occurrence and familial aggregation of CUD and mood disorder subtypes. Design, setting, and participants: In this cross-sectional, community-based study in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area, semistructured diagnostic interviews and family history reports assessed lifetime DSM-IV disorders in probands and relatives. Familial aggregation and coaggregation of CUD with mood disorders were estimated via mixed-effects models, adjusting for age, sex, recruitment source, and comorbid mood, anxiety, and other substance use disorders. A total of 586 adult probands (186 with bipolar disorder; 55 with CUD) and 698 first-degree relatives (91 with bipolar disorder; 68 with CUD) were recruited from a community screening of the greater Washington, DC, metropolitan area from May 2004 to August 2020. Inclusion criteria were ability to speak English, and availability and consent to contact at least 2 living first-degree relatives. Main outcomes and measures: Lifetime CUD in first-degree relatives. Results: Of 586 probands, 395 (67.4%) were female; among 698 relatives, 437 (62.6%) were female. The mean (SD) age was 47.5 (15.2) years for probands and 49.6 (18.0) years for relatives. In the proband group, 82 participants (14.0%) self-identified as African American or Black, 467 (79.7%) as White, and 37 (6.3%) as American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, more than one race, or another race or ethnicity or declined to respond. In the relative group, 53 participants (7.6%) self-identified as African American or Black, 594 (85.1%) as White, and 51 (7.3%) as American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, more than one race, or another race or ethnicity or declined to respond. These groups were combined to protect privacy owing to small numbers. CUD in probands (55 [9.4%]) was associated with an increase in CUD in relatives (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.64; 95% CI, 1.20-5.79; P = .02). Bipolar disorder II (BP-II) in probands (72 [12.3%]) was also associated with increased risk of CUD in relatives (aOR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.06-6.23; P = .04). However, bipolar disorder I (114 [19.5%]) and major depressive disorder (192 [32.8%]) in probands were not significantly associated with CUD in relatives. Among relatives, CUD was associated with BP-II (aOR, 4.50; 95% CI, 1.72-11.77; P = .002), major depressive disorder (aOR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.78-7.45; P < .001), and mean (SD) age (42.7 [12.8] years with CUD vs 50.3 [18.3] years without CUD; aOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.00; P = .02). Familial coaggregation of BP-II with CUD was attenuated by the inclusion of comorbid anxiety disorders. Further, rates of CUD were highest in relatives with both a familial and individual history of BP-II (no familial or individual history of BP-II: 41 [7.2%]; familial history but no individual history of BP-II: 13 [19.1%]; individual history but no familial history of BP-II: 10 [22.2%]; familial and individual history of BP-II: 4 [28.6%]; Fisher exact test, P < .001). The onset of mood disorder subtypes preceded CUD in probands and relatives in most cases. Conclusions and relevance: The findings confirmed a familial aggregation of CUD. The increase in risk of CUD among relatives of probands with BP-II suggests that CUD may share a common underlying diathesis with BP-II. Taken together with the temporal precedence of depression and mania with respect to CUD onset, these findings highlight a potential role for BP-II intervention as CUD prevention.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Bipolar Disorder/complications ; Bipolar Disorder/epidemiology ; Bipolar Disorder/genetics ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depressive Disorder, Major/complications ; Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marijuana Abuse/complications ; Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology ; Marijuana Abuse/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	2701203-7
ISSN	2168-6238 ; 2168-622X
ISSN (online)	2168-6238
ISSN	2168-622X
DOI	10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1338
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Article: Association between COVID-19 risk-mitigation behaviors and specific mental disorders in youth.

Conway, Kevin P / Bhardwaj, Kriti / Michel, Emmanuella / Paksarian, Diana / Nikolaidis, Aki / Kang, Minji / Merikangas, Kathleen R / Milham, Michael P

Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health

2023 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 14

Abstract: Background: Although studies of adults show that pre-existing mental disorders increase risk for COVID-19 infection and severity, there is limited information about this association among youth. Mental disorders in general as well as specific types of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although studies of adults show that pre-existing mental disorders increase risk for COVID-19 infection and severity, there is limited information about this association among youth. Mental disorders in general as well as specific types of disorders may influence the ability to comply with risk-mitigation strategies to reduce COVID-19 infection and transmission. Methods: Youth compliance (rated as "Never," "Sometimes," "Often," or "Very often/Always") with risk mitigation was reported by parents on the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) in January 2021. The sample comprised 314 female and 514 male participants from the large-scale Child Mind Institute Healthy Brain Network, a transdiagnostic self-referred, community sample of children and adolescents (ages 5-21). Responses were summarized using factor analysis of risk mitigation, and their associations with lifetime mental disorders (assessed via structured diagnostic interviews) were identified with linear regression analyses (adjusted for covariates). All analyses used R Project for Statistical Computing for Mac (v.4.0.5). Results: A two-factor model was the best-fitting solution. Factor 1 (avoidance behaviors) included avoiding groups, indoor settings, and other peoples' homes; avoidance scores were higher among youth with any anxiety disorder (p = .01). Factor 2 (hygiene behaviors) included using hand sanitizer, washing hands, and maintaining social distance; hygiene scores were lower among youth with ADHD (combined type) (p = .02). Mask wearing was common (90%), did not load on either factor, and was not associated with any mental health disorder. Conclusion and relevance: Although most mental disorders examined were not associated with risk mitigation, youth with ADHD characterized by hyperactivity plus inattention may need additional support to consistently engage in risk-mitigation behaviors. Enhancing risk-mitigation strategies among at-risk groups of youth may help reduce COVID-19 infection and transmission.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2379599-2
ISSN	1753-2000
ISSN	1753-2000
DOI	10.1186/s13034-023-00561-7
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Book ; Thesis: The promises of god

Conway, Kevin P

the background of Paul's exclusive use of 'epangelia' for the divine pledge

(Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft ; 211)

2014

Author's details	Kevin P. Conway
Series title	Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft ; 211
Keywords	Verheißung
Language	English
Size	XVIII, 297 S., 230 mm x 155 mm
Publisher	De Gruyter
Publishing place	Berlin u.a.
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Thesis / German Habilitation thesis	Univ., Diss.--Cambridge
Note	Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN	3110375079 ; 9783110375077 ; 9783110376081 ; 3110376083
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article ; Online: Mood and anxiety profiles differentially associate with physical conditions in US adolescents.

Stapp, Emma K / Paksarian, Diana / He, Jian-Ping / Glaus, Jennifer / Conway, Kevin P / Merikangas, Kathleen R

Journal of affective disorders

2021 Volume 299, Page(s) 22–30

Abstract: Background: Mood and anxiety are widely associated with physical conditions, but research and treatment are complicated by their overlap, clinical heterogeneity, and manifestation on a spectrum rather than as discrete disorders. In contrast to previous ... ...

Abstract	Background: Mood and anxiety are widely associated with physical conditions, but research and treatment are complicated by their overlap, clinical heterogeneity, and manifestation on a spectrum rather than as discrete disorders. In contrast to previous work relying on threshold-level disorders, we examined the association between empirically-derived profiles of mood and anxiety syndromes with physical conditions in a nationally-representative sample of US adolescents. Methods: Participants were 2,911 adolescents (aged 13-18) from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement who provided information on physical conditions and reported at least one lifetime mood-anxiety 'syndrome' based on direct interviews with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0. Mood-anxiety syndromes reflected 3-level ratings from subthreshold to severe distress/impairment, and subtyped mood episodes. Stepwise latent profile analysis identified mood-anxiety profiles and tested associations with physical conditions. Results: Three mood-anxiety profiles were identified: "Mood-GAD" (25.6%)-non-atypical depression, mania, generalized anxiety; "Atypical-Panic" (11.3%)-atypical depression, panic; and "Reference" (63.1%)-lower mood and anxiety except specific phobia. Headaches were more prevalent in Mood-GAD and Atypical-Panic than Reference (47.9%, 50.1%, and 37.7%, respectively; p=0.011). Heart problems were more common in Mood-GAD than Atypical-Panic (7.4% v 2.2%, p=0.004) and Reference, with back/neck pain more prevalent in Mood-GAD than Reference (22.5% v 15.3%, p=0.016). Limitations: Broad categories of physical conditions without information on specific diagnoses; replication regarding specificity is recommended. Conclusions: Heart problems and pain-related conditions were differentially associated with specific mood-anxiety profiles. Subtyping depression and anxiety-inclusive of subthreshold syndromes-and their patterns of clustering may facilitate etiologic and intervention work in multimorbidity.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Panic ; Phobic Disorders ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	135449-8
ISSN	1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
ISSN (online)	1573-2517
ISSN	0165-0327
DOI	10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.056
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Article ; Online: Reasons for Young Adult Waterpipe Use in Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Silveira, Marushka L / Hilmi, Nahla N / Conway, Kevin P

American journal of preventive medicine

2018 Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 650–655

Abstract: Introduction: Waterpipe use is common among U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years), with estimates considerably higher than other age groups. Although studies have examined attitudes and beliefs associated with waterpipe use, no study has examined reasons ...

Abstract	Introduction: Waterpipe use is common among U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years), with estimates considerably higher than other age groups. Although studies have examined attitudes and beliefs associated with waterpipe use, no study has examined reasons for use in a nationally representative sample. Methods: Using latent class analyses, this study examined subgroups based on self-reported reasons for use of past 30-day young adult (aged 18-24 years) waterpipe users (n=1,198) from Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Data analyses were conducted in 2017. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Results: A three-class model was identified: Class 1 (socializing and flavors, 57%), Class 2 (many reasons [flavors, socializing, less harmful than cigarettes, and affordability], 20%), and Class 3 (socializing, 23%). Class 3 was considered the referent group. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks were less likely to belong to Class 1, whereas Hispanics were more likely to belong to Class 2. Compared with less than high school education, greater than high school education was associated with membership in Class 1; however, high school graduation was associated with membership in Class 2. Past-year alcohol users compared with non-users were less likely to belong to Class 2. Past 30-day poly-tobacco users compared with non-users were more likely to belong to Class 2. Conclusions: This study revealed distinct classes of waterpipe users based on self-reported reasons for use. Findings inform targeted policies for waterpipe tobacco control as part of public health efforts to mitigate harms associated with tobacco use.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Educational Status ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; Motivation ; Risk Factors ; Self Report ; Social Behavior ; United States ; Water Pipe Smoking/psychology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2018.06.004
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Article: Association between COVID-19 Risk-Mitigation Behaviors and Specific Mental Disorders in Youth.

Conway, Kevin P / Bhardwaj, Kriti / Michel, Emmanuella / Paksarian, Diana / Nikolaidis, Aki / Kang, Minji / Merikangas, Kathleen R / Milham, Michael P

Research square

2022

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Background
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.21203/rs.3.rs-2026969/v1
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Article: Association between COVID-19 Risk-Mitigation Behaviors and Specific Mental Disorders in Youth.

Conway, Kevin P / Bhardwaj, Kriti / Michel, Emmanuella / Paksarian, Diana / Nikolaidis, Aki / Kang, Minji / Merikangas, Kathleen R / Milham, Michael P

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2022

Abstract: Importance: Although studies of adults show that pre-existing mental disorders increase risk for COVID-19 infection and severity, there is limited information about this association among youth. Mental disorders in general as well as specific types of ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Although studies of adults show that pre-existing mental disorders increase risk for COVID-19 infection and severity, there is limited information about this association among youth. Mental disorders in general as well as specific types of disorders may influence their ability to comply with risk-mitigation strategies to reduce COVID-19 infection and transmission. Objective: To examine associations between specific mental disorders and COVID-19 risk-mitigation practices among 314 female and 514 male youth. Design: Youth compliance (rated as "Never," "Sometimes," "Often," or "Very often/Always") with risk mitigation was reported by parents on the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) in January 2021. Responses were summarized using factor analysis of risk mitigation, and their associations with lifetime mental disorders (assessed via structured diagnostic interviews) were identified with linear regression analyses (adjusted for covariates). All analyses used R Project for Statistical Computing for Mac (v.4.0.5). Setting: The Healthy Brain Network (HBN) in New York City Participants. 314 female and 514 male youth (ages 5-21). Main outcomes and measures: COVID-19 risk mitigation behaviors among youth. Results: A two-factor model was the best-fitting solution. Factor 1 (avoidance behaviors) included avoiding groups, indoor settings, and other peoples' homes; avoidance was more likely among youth with any anxiety disorder (p=.01). Factor 2 (hygiene behaviors) included using hand sanitizer, washing hands, and maintaining social distance; practicing hygiene was less likely among youth with ADHD (combined type) (p=.02). Mask wearing, which did not load on either factor, was not associated with any mental health disorder. Conclusion and relevance: Findings suggest that education and monitoring of risk-mitigation strategies in certain subgroups of youth may reduce risk of exposure to COVID-19 and other contagious diseases. Additionally, they highlight the need for greater attention to vaccine prioritization for individuals with ADHD. Key points: Question:
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2022.03.03.22271787
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Article ; Online: Using Twitter to Surveil the Opioid Epidemic in North Carolina: An Exploratory Study.

Anwar, Mohd / Khoury, Dalia / Aldridge, Arnie P / Parker, Stephanie J / Conway, Kevin P

JMIR public health and surveillance

2020 Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) e17574

Abstract: Background: Over the last two decades, deaths associated with opioids have escalated in number and geographic spread, impacting more and more individuals, families, and communities. Reflecting on the shifting nature of the opioid overdose crisis, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Over the last two decades, deaths associated with opioids have escalated in number and geographic spread, impacting more and more individuals, families, and communities. Reflecting on the shifting nature of the opioid overdose crisis, Dasgupta, Beletsky, and Ciccarone offer a triphasic framework to explain that opioid overdose deaths (OODs) shifted from prescription opioids for pain (beginning in 2000), to heroin (2010 to 2015), and then to synthetic opioids (beginning in 2013). Given the rapidly shifting nature of OODs, timelier surveillance data are critical to inform strategies that combat the opioid crisis. Using easily accessible and near real-time social media data to improve public health surveillance efforts related to the opioid crisis is a promising area of research. Objective: This study explored the potential of using Twitter data to monitor the opioid epidemic. Specifically, this study investigated the extent to which the content of opioid-related tweets corresponds with the triphasic nature of the opioid crisis and correlates with OODs in North Carolina between 2009 and 2017. Methods: Opioid-related Twitter posts were obtained using Crimson Hexagon, and were classified as relating to prescription opioids, heroin, and synthetic opioids using natural language processing. This process resulted in a corpus of 100,777 posts consisting of tweets, retweets, mentions, and replies. Using a random sample of 10,000 posts from the corpus, we identified opioid-related terms by analyzing word frequency for each year. OODs were obtained from the Multiple Cause of Death database from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER). Least squares regression and Granger tests compared patterns of opioid-related posts with OODs. Results: The pattern of tweets related to prescription opioids, heroin, and synthetic opioids resembled the triphasic nature of OODs. For prescription opioids, tweet counts and OODs were statistically unrelated. Tweets mentioning heroin and synthetic opioids were significantly associated with heroin OODs and synthetic OODs in the same year (P=.01 and P<.001, respectively), as well as in the following year (P=.03 and P=.01, respectively). Moreover, heroin tweets in a given year predicted heroin deaths better than lagged heroin OODs alone (P=.03). Conclusions: Findings support using Twitter data as a timely indicator of opioid overdose mortality, especially for heroin.
MeSH term(s)	Data Management ; Humans ; North Carolina/epidemiology ; Opioid Epidemic/prevention & control ; Opioid Epidemic/statistics & numerical data ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Social Media/instrumentation ; Social Media/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-24
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2369-2960
ISSN (online)	2369-2960
DOI	10.2196/17574
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