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Article: Adverse childhood experiences are associated with perceived cognitive difficulties among high school students in the United States.

Iverson, Ila A / Cook, Nathan E / Iverson, Grant L

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1293013

Abstract: Objective: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health and cognitive problems, and mental health problems are associated with perceived cognitive difficulties among adolescents. The unique contribution of ACEs to cognitive ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health and cognitive problems, and mental health problems are associated with perceived cognitive difficulties among adolescents. The unique contribution of ACEs to cognitive difficulties after adjusting for poor mental health is not well understood and represents the purpose of this study. Methods: The Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey was conducted in 2021 with high school students in the United States. Cognitive difficulty was assessed with: 'Because of a physical, mental, or emotional problem, do you have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?' Four ACEs were examined: sexual violence (lifetime and past 12 months), parental emotional abuse, and parental physical abuse. Students were asked about feeling sad or hopeless (past year), considering suicide (past year), and having poor mental health (past month). Binary logistic regressions examined the association between ACEs and cognitive problems, adjusting for mental health. Results: Participants were 6,945 students. Students reporting poor mental health were very likely to endorse difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions (girls = 81% and boys = 67%). Cognitive difficulty was uncommon among students who denied poor mental health (girls = 17% and boys = 12%). For boys [ Conclusion: ACEs are associated with perceived cognitive difficulty in both adolescent girls and boys, even after adjusting for poor mental health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293013
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Social Determinants of Health and Perceived Cognitive Difficulties in High School Students in the United States.

Iverson, Ila A / Gaudet, Charles E / Cook, Nathan E / Iverson, Grant L

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

2024

Abstract: Objective: The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted the Adolescent Behavior and Experiences Survey (ABES) to examine disruption and adversity during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the association between social ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted the Adolescent Behavior and Experiences Survey (ABES) to examine disruption and adversity during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the association between social determinants of health (SDoH) and cognitive problems attributed to physical or mental health problems among high school students. Method: The ABES was an online survey. Perceived cognitive problems were assessed with the question: "Because of a physical, mental, or emotional problem, do you have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?" A SDoH index was created by summing endorsements to 12 variables. Results: Participants were 6,992 students, age 14-18, with 3,294 boys (47%) and 3,698 girls (53%). Many adolescents reported experiencing cognitive problems (i.e., 45%), with girls (56%) more likely to report cognitive difficulties than boys (33%) [χ2(1) = 392.55, p < 0.001]. Having poor mental health was strongly associated with cognitive problems in both girls [81%, χ2(1, 3680) = 650.20, p < 0.001] and boys [67%, χ2(1, 3267) = 418.69, p < 0.001]. There was a positive, linear association between the number of SDoH experienced and reporting cognitive problems. Binary logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of cognitive difficulty for both boys and girls (e.g., being bullied electronically, experiencing food insecurity during the pandemic, being treated unfairly because of their race or ethnicity, and being in a physical fight). Conclusions: A strikingly high proportion of adolescents reported experiencing problems with their cognitive functioning. After adjusting for current mental health problems, several SDoH remained associated with adolescents' reported cognitive difficulties, including experiencing racism, bullying, parental job loss, and food insecurity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632972-x
ISSN	1873-5843 ; 0887-6177
ISSN (online)	1873-5843
ISSN	0887-6177
DOI	10.1093/arclin/acad100
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Article: Concussion Among Children in the United States General Population: Incidence and Risk Factors.

Cook, Nathan E / Iverson, Grant L

Frontiers in neurology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 773927

Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of concussion and risk factors for sustaining concussion among children from the United States general population. This prospective cohort study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of concussion and risk factors for sustaining concussion among children from the United States general population. This prospective cohort study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564214-5
ISSN	1664-2295
ISSN	1664-2295
DOI	10.3389/fneur.2021.773927
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Article ; Online: The prevalence and correlates of scores falling below ImPACT embedded validity indicators among adolescent student athletes.

Liu, Brian C / Iverson, Grant L / Cook, Nathan E / Schatz, Philip / Berkner, Paul / Gaudet, Charles E

The Clinical neuropsychologist

2024 , Page(s) 1–18

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639080-8
ISSN	1744-4144 ; 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
ISSN (online)	1744-4144
ISSN	0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
DOI	10.1080/13854046.2023.2287777
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Article: Anxiety Is Associated With Diverse Physical and Cognitive Symptoms in Youth Presenting to a Multidisciplinary Concussion Clinic.

Iverson, Grant L / Greenberg, Jonathan / Cook, Nathan E

Frontiers in neurology

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 811462

Abstract: Introduction: Pre-injury and post-injury anxiety are prevalent and important to consider in the medical management of concussions in youth. We examined the association between anxiety and other physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms in injured ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Pre-injury and post-injury anxiety are prevalent and important to consider in the medical management of concussions in youth. We examined the association between anxiety and other physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms in injured adolescents and young adults undergoing an initial evaluation in a specialty concussion clinic. Methods: Participants were 158 adolescents and young adults presenting to a multidisciplinary concussion clinic for evaluation and treatment (54.4% girls and women; mean age = 17.3 years; SD = 2.9). Their median days post injury was 29 (interquartile range = 14-49; range = 7-349). They were divided into binary groups based on whether they had a pre-injury history of anxiety diagnosis or treatment and whether they were experiencing current anxiety in the week prior to the evaluation, and then compared on the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale. Results: Youth with a pre-injury history of anxiety reported greater post-concussion symptoms (Md total score = 36.0, IQR = 21.5-53.0) compared to youth with no pre-injury history of anxiety (Md total score = 20.5, IQR = 6.0-36.0; MW U = 1,520.00 Discussion: Pre-injury and post-injury anxiety are important risk factors for greater post-concussion symptoms among adolescents and young adults. Elevated post-injury anxiety was the strongest predictor of persistent post-concussion symptoms. Assessment of anxiety is important among adolescents presenting for concussion care and delivery of evidence-supported treatments for anxiety are important considerations for treatment planning for these youth.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564214-5
ISSN	1664-2295
ISSN	1664-2295
DOI	10.3389/fneur.2021.811462
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Article ; Online: Children with ADHD Have a Greater Lifetime History of Concussion: Results from the ABCD Study.

Cook, Nathan E / Karr, Justin E / Iverson, Grant L

Journal of neurotrauma

2021 Volume 39, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 86–92

Abstract: This case-control study using baseline data from the population cohort Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) ... ...

Abstract	This case-control study using baseline data from the population cohort Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Athletes/psychology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Brain Concussion/psychology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	645092-1
ISSN	1557-9042 ; 0897-7151
ISSN (online)	1557-9042
ISSN	0897-7151
DOI	10.1089/neu.2021.0019
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Article: Cognitive and Psychological Outcomes Following Pediatric Cardiac Arrest.

Huebschmann, Nathan A / Cook, Nathan E / Murphy, Sarah / Iverson, Grant L

Frontiers in pediatrics

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 780251

Abstract: Cardiac arrest is a rare event in children and adolescents. Those who survive may experience a range of outcomes, from good functional recovery to severe and permanent disability. Many children experience long-term cognitive impairment, including ... ...

Abstract	Cardiac arrest is a rare event in children and adolescents. Those who survive may experience a range of outcomes, from good functional recovery to severe and permanent disability. Many children experience long-term cognitive impairment, including deficits in attention, language, memory, and executive functioning. Deficits in adaptive behavior, such as motor functioning, communication, and daily living skills, have also been reported. These children have a wide range of neurological outcomes, with some experiencing specific deficits such as aphasia, apraxia, and sensorimotor deficits. Some children may experience emotional and psychological difficulties, although many do not, and more research is needed in this area. The burden of pediatric cardiac arrest on the child's family and caregivers can be substantial. This narrative review summarizes current research regarding the cognitive and psychological outcomes following pediatric cardiac arrest, identifies areas for future research, and discusses the needs of these children for rehabilitation services and academic accommodations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2711999-3
ISSN	2296-2360
ISSN	2296-2360
DOI	10.3389/fped.2022.780251
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Article ; Online: Neurocognitive Test Performance and Concussion-Like Symptom Reporting Among Adolescent Athletes With Self-Reported Autism on Preseason Assessments.

Cook, Nathan E / Iverson, Ila A / Maxwell, Bruce / Zafonte, Ross / Berkner, Paul D / Iverson, Grant L

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

2023 Volume 38, Issue 8, Page(s) 1586–1596

Abstract: Objective: To examine baseline neurocognitive functioning and symptom reporting among adolescents with self-reported autism.: Method: Participants in this cross-sectional, observational study were 60,751 adolescents who completed preseason testing. ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To examine baseline neurocognitive functioning and symptom reporting among adolescents with self-reported autism. Method: Participants in this cross-sectional, observational study were 60,751 adolescents who completed preseason testing. There were 425 students (0.7%) who self-reported an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. Cognitive functioning was measured by Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing and symptom ratings were obtained from the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale. Results: Groups differed significantly across all neurocognitive composites (p values <.002); effect size magnitudes for most differences were small, though among boys a noteworthy difference on visual memory and among girls differences on verbal memory and visual motor speed composites were noted. Among boys, the ASD group endorsed 21 of the 22 symptoms at a greater rate. Among girls, the ASD group endorsed 11 of the 22 symptoms at a greater rate. Some examples of symptoms that were endorsed at a higher rate among adolescents with self-reported autism were sensitivity to noise (girls: odds ratio, OR = 4.38; boys: OR = 4.99), numbness or tingling (girls: OR = 3.67; boys: OR = 3.25), difficulty remembering (girls: OR = 2.01; boys: OR = 2.49), difficulty concentrating (girls: OR = 1.82; boys: OR = 2.40), sensitivity to light (girls: OR = 1.82; boys: OR = 1.76), sadness (girls: OR = 1.72; boys: OR = 2.56), nervousness (girls: OR = 1.80; boys: OR = 2.27), and feeling more emotional (girls: OR = 1.79; boys: OR = 2.84). Conclusion: Students with self-reported autism participating in organized sports likely experience a low degree of functional impairment, on average. If they sustain a concussion, their clinical management should be more intensive to maximize the likelihood of swift and favorable recovery.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Athletic Injuries/complications ; Athletic Injuries/diagnosis ; Self Report ; Autistic Disorder/complications ; Autistic Disorder/diagnosis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Brain Concussion/complications ; Brain Concussion/diagnosis ; Brain Concussion/psychology ; Athletes/psychology ; Mental Status and Dementia Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632972-x
ISSN	1873-5843 ; 0887-6177
ISSN (online)	1873-5843
ISSN	0887-6177
DOI	10.1093/arclin/acad034
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Article ; Online: An At-Home, Virtually Administered Graded Exertion Protocol for Use in Concussion Management: Preliminary Evaluation of Safety and Feasibility for Determining Clearance to Return to High-Intensity Exercise in Healthy Youth and Children With Subacute Concussion.

Teel, Elizabeth / Alarie, Christophe / Swaine, Bonnie / Cook, Nathan E / Iverson, Grant L / Gagnon, Isabelle

Journal of neurotrauma

2023 Volume 40, Issue 15-16, Page(s) 1730–1742

Abstract: Graded exertion testing (GXT) is an important tool for concussion management, as it is used to personalize post-concussion exercise prescription and return athletes to sport. However, most GXT requires expensive equipment and in-person supervision. Our ... ...

Abstract	Graded exertion testing (GXT) is an important tool for concussion management, as it is used to personalize post-concussion exercise prescription and return athletes to sport. However, most GXT requires expensive equipment and in-person supervision. Our objective was to assess the safety and feasibility of the
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Athletic Injuries/diagnosis ; Brain Concussion ; Feasibility Studies ; Physical Exertion ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Sports
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	645092-1
ISSN	1557-9042 ; 0897-7151
ISSN (online)	1557-9042
ISSN	0897-7151
DOI	10.1089/neu.2022.0370
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Article ; Online: Prior Concussion History and Clinical Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion in High School Athletes.

Gaudet, Charles E / Iverson, Grant L / Zafonte, Ross / Berkner, Paul D / Cook, Nathan E

Journal of neurotrauma

2023 Volume 40, Issue 13-14, Page(s) 1459–1469

Abstract: Clinical recovery after sport-related concussion varies as a function of pre-injury and acute factors. Whether, or the extent to which, concussion history is associated with clinical outcome after sport-related concussion is uncertain, because research ... ...

Abstract	Clinical recovery after sport-related concussion varies as a function of pre-injury and acute factors. Whether, or the extent to which, concussion history is associated with clinical outcome after sport-related concussion is uncertain, because research has produced mixed findings. The present study aimed to assess whether a history of previous concussions was associated with prolonged clinical recovery after a subsequent sport-related concussion. The sample comprised 780 adolescent student athletes (mean age = 16.3, standard deviation = 1.3 years; 56.8% boys, 43.2% girls) whose school participated in the Maine Concussion Management Initiative (MCMI). Survival analyses were used to compare recovery times among adolescents with a history of 0, 1, or ≥2 previous concussions after a subsequent sport-related concussion. The two primary outcomes of interest were the number of days to return to school and sports. There were no statistically significant differences in total time to return to school and sports, or the proportion of adolescents who returned to school and sports at most intervals (e.g., 7, 14, 28 days), between those with 0, 1, or ≥2 previous concussions. A greater proportion of adolescents, however, with a history of ≥2 previous concussions remained out of sports at 28 days compared with those with no previous concussions (23.5% vs. 12.7%; odds ratio [OR] = 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-3.73). Having sustained prior concussions was not associated with time to return to school after a subsequent sport-related concussion. A greater proportion of adolescents, however, with two or more previous concussions experienced a prolonged return to sports. Further research is warranted to identify risk factors for worse outcomes among the subset of adolescents with a history of multiple previous concussions who experience prolonged recoveries.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Athletic Injuries ; Brain Concussion/complications ; Sports ; Athletes ; Schools
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	645092-1
ISSN	1557-9042 ; 0897-7151
ISSN (online)	1557-9042
ISSN	0897-7151
DOI	10.1089/neu.2022.0358
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