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Article ; Online: Investigating parasites in three dimensions: trends in volume microscopy.

Cooper, Crystal / Thompson, R C Andrew / Clode, Peta L

2023 Volume 39, Issue 8, Page(s) 668–681

Abstract: To best understand parasite, host, and vector morphologies, host-parasite interactions, and to develop new drug and vaccine targets, structural data should, ideally, be obtained and visualised in three dimensions (3D). Recently, there has been a ... ...

Abstract	To best understand parasite, host, and vector morphologies, host-parasite interactions, and to develop new drug and vaccine targets, structural data should, ideally, be obtained and visualised in three dimensions (3D). Recently, there has been a significant uptake of available 3D volume microscopy techniques that allow collection of data across centimetre (cm) to Angstrom (Å) scales by utilising light, X-ray, electron, and ion sources. Here, we present and discuss microscopy tools available for the collection of 3D structural data, focussing on electron microscopy-based techniques. We highlight their strengths and limitations, such that parasitologists can identify techniques best suited to answer their research questions. Additionally, we review the importance of volume microscopy to the advancement of the field of parasitology.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Microscopy/methods ; Parasites ; Host-Parasite Interactions
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2036227-4
ISSN	1471-5007 ; 1471-4922
ISSN (online)	1471-5007
ISSN	1471-4922
DOI	10.1016/j.pt.2023.05.004
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Book: Cooper personalized fluency control therapy for adolescents and adults

Cooper, Eugene B. / Cooper, Crystal S.

clinician's manual

2003

Title variant	Personalized fluency control therapy for adolescents and adults
Author's details	Eugene B. Cooper and Crystal S. Cooper
Keywords	Stuttering / therapy
Language	English
Size	IX, 220 S. : Ill.
Edition	3. ed.
Publisher	Pro-ed
Publishing place	Austin, Tex
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
Accompanying material	1 CD-ROM (12 cm)
HBZ-ID	HT014114455
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Article ; Online: Multiple assessment methodologies in determining the antibiofilm actions of sodium hypochlorite mixed with clodronate or etidronate in endodontic irrigation.

Wright, Patricia P / Cooper, Crystal / Kahler, Bill / Walsh, Laurence J

Journal of microbiological methods

2020 Volume 180, Page(s) 106107

Abstract: This study aimed to use multiple methodologies, including a novel usage of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to evaluate the antimicrobial actions of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) admixed with clodronate or etidronate in root canal irrigation. The study ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to use multiple methodologies, including a novel usage of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to evaluate the antimicrobial actions of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) admixed with clodronate or etidronate in root canal irrigation. The study also examined the usefulness of colony counting as a biofilm assessment methodology. Seven day Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were grown on hydroxyapatite discs. The discs were disinfected with 0.26 M clodronate-5% NaOCl, 0.26 M etidronate-5% NaOCl, 5% NaOCl, or treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Assessments were performed using colony counting, SEM and the XTT reduction assay. The XTT assessment used the same groups but with 2.5% NaOCl. For colony counting, bacteria were removed from the discs by vortex mixing, followed by plating. The discs were subsequently fixed for SEM imagining and evaluators scored the SEM micrographs for remaining bacteria. Antibiofilm actions were assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparison tests. SEM micrographs and the XTT assay revealed no differences between the NaOCl controls and the clodronate or etidronate mixtures with NaOCl (P > 0.05). It was concluded that the chelator mixtures with NaOCl had antibiofilm actions comparable to NaOCl. Furthermore, vortex mixing incompletely removed biofilm from HA discs in the PBS controls and hence colony counting using E. faecalis biofilms on hydroxyapatite discs could not be used for intergroup comparisons involving PBS. Additionally, colony counting could not be used for comparisons between the NaOCl treatment groups because the removal of bacteria from the substrate by vortex mixing was affected by the irrigant type.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Biofilms/drug effects ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Clodronic Acid/pharmacology ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects ; Etidronic Acid/pharmacology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology ; Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Root Canal Irrigants ; Clodronic Acid (0813BZ6866) ; Sodium Hypochlorite (DY38VHM5OD) ; Etidronic Acid (M2F465ROXU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604916-3
ISSN	1872-8359 ; 0167-7012
ISSN (online)	1872-8359
ISSN	0167-7012
DOI	10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106107
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Article ; Online: Does dentine mineral change with anatomical location, microscopic site and patient age?

Weerakoon, Arosha T / Cooper, Crystal / Meyers, Ian A / Condon, Nicholas / Sexton, Christopher / Thomson, David / Ford, Pauline J / Symons, Anne L

Journal of structural biology: X

2022 Volume 6, Page(s) 100060

Abstract: Objective: To determine the effect of patient age (young or mature), anatomical location (shallow/deep and central/peripheral) and microscopic site (intertubular/peritubular) on dentine mineral density, distribution and composition.: Methods: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the effect of patient age (young or mature), anatomical location (shallow/deep and central/peripheral) and microscopic site (intertubular/peritubular) on dentine mineral density, distribution and composition. Methods: Extracted posterior teeth from young (aged 19-20 years, N = 4) and mature (aged 54-77 years, N = 4) subjects were prepared to shallow and deep slices. The dentine surface elemental composition was investigated in a SEM using Backscattered Electron (BSE) micrographs, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and Integrated Mineral Analysis. Qualitative comparisons and quantitative measures using machine learning were used to analyse the BSE images. Quantitative outcomes were compared using quantile or linear regression models with bootstrapping to account for the multiple measures per sample. Subsequently, a Xenon Plasma Focussed Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (Xe PFIB-SEM) was used to mill large area (100 µm) cross-sections to investigate morphology through the dentine tubules using high resolution secondary electron micrographs. Results: With age, dentine mineral composition remains stable, but density changes with anatomical location and microscopic site. Microscopically, accessory tubules spread into intertubular dentine (ITD) from the main tubule lumens. Within the lumens, mineral deposits form calcospherites in the young that eventually coalesce in mature tubules and branches. The mineral occlusion in mature dentine increases overall ITD density to reflect peritubular dentine (PTD) infiltrate. The ITD observed in micrographs remained consistent for age and observation plane to suggest tubule deposition affects overall dentine density. Mineral density depends on the relative distribution of PTD to ITD that varies with anatomical location. Significance: Adhesive materials may interact differently within a tooth as well as in different age groups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2590-1524
ISSN (online)	2590-1524
DOI	10.1016/j.yjsbx.2022.100060
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Article ; Online: Bioengineered textiles with peptide binders that capture SARS-CoV-2 viral particles.

Navone, Laura / Moffitt, Kaylee / Johnston, Wayne A / Mercer, Tim / Cooper, Crystal / Spann, Kirsten / Speight, Robert E

Communications materials

2022 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 54

Abstract: The use of personal protective equipment (PPE), face masks and ventilation are key strategies to control the transmission of respiratory viruses. However, most PPE provides physical protection that only partially prevents the transmission of viral ... ...

Abstract	The use of personal protective equipment (PPE), face masks and ventilation are key strategies to control the transmission of respiratory viruses. However, most PPE provides physical protection that only partially prevents the transmission of viral particles. Here, we develop textiles with integrated peptide binders that capture viral particles. We fuse peptides capable of binding the receptor domain of the spike protein on the SARS-CoV-2 capsid to the cellulose-binding domain from the
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2662-4443
ISSN (online)	2662-4443
DOI	10.1038/s43246-022-00278-8
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Article ; Online: Coronal dentin differs between young and mature adult humans: A systematic review.

Weerakoon, Arosha T / Meyers, Ian A / Thomson, David H / Cooper, Crystal / Ford, Pauline J / Symons, Anne L

Archives of oral biology

2022 Volume 144, Page(s) 105553

Abstract: Objective: This systematic review examines the effect of age on changes to coronal dentin properties.: Design: Pubmed, Cinhal, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Database were searched for publications up to 31 December 2021. All studies were ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This systematic review examines the effect of age on changes to coronal dentin properties. Design: Pubmed, Cinhal, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Database were searched for publications up to 31 December 2021. All studies were uploaded and reviewed using Covidence software. At different stages of the review, study selection and the extraction of data were completed by six independent reviewers based on the eligibility criteria. The quality of the articles was judged based on JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for quasi-experimental studies. Results: Twelve studies satisfied the eligibility criteria and were included. Dentin characteristics and mechanical properties alter with age, and spatially within a tooth to depend on tubule orientation. Age-related mineral deposition within tubules, and collagen maturation in intertubular dentin compound the spatial effects on mechanical properties. Mechanical properties depend on collagen fiber orientation and apatite alignment relative to dentin tubules, characteristic differences in peritubular and intertubular dentin, and relative dentin tubule distribution within a tooth. The bulk of the research focussed on age-related apatite effects, although many reported limited understanding of changes to collagen, particularly in intertubular dentin. Conclusion: Investigations into the effect of age, depth, site and location on dentin collagen are warranted to minimize tooth loss in older populations by providing targeted adhesive, restorative or preventative interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Aged ; Dentin ; Tooth ; Collagen ; Apatites ; Minerals
Chemical Substances	Collagen (9007-34-5) ; Apatites ; Minerals
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80227-x
ISSN	1879-1506 ; 0003-9969
ISSN (online)	1879-1506
ISSN	0003-9969
DOI	10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105553
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Article ; Online: Effect of dentine site on resin and cement adaptation tested using X-ray and electron microscopy to evaluate bond durability and adhesive interfaces.

Weerakoon, Arosha Tania / Cooper, Crystal / Sokolowski, Kamil Andrzej / Meyers, Ian Arthur / Thomson, David / Ford, Pauline Jane / Sexton, Christopher / Symons, Anne Louise

European journal of oral sciences

2022 Volume 130, Issue 5, Page(s) e12890

Abstract: Glass ionomer (GI) cements and self-etch (SE) or universal adhesives after etching (ER) adapt variably with dentine. Dentine characteristics vary with depth (deep/shallow), location (central/peripheral), and microscopic site (intertubular/peritubular). ... ...

Abstract	Glass ionomer (GI) cements and self-etch (SE) or universal adhesives after etching (ER) adapt variably with dentine. Dentine characteristics vary with depth (deep/shallow), location (central/peripheral), and microscopic site (intertubular/peritubular). To directly compare adhesion to dentine, non-destructive imaging and testing are required. Here, GI, ER, and SE adapted at different dentine depths, locations, and sites were investigated using micro-CT, xenon plasma focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (Xe PFIB-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Extracted molars were prepared to deep or shallow slices and treated with the three adhesives. Micro-CT was used to compare changes to air volume gaps, following thermocycling, and statistically analysed using a quantile regression model and Fisher's exact test. The three adhesives performed similarly across dentine depths and locations, yet no change or overall increases and decreases in gaps at all dentine depths and locations were measured. The Xe PFIB-SEM-milled dentine-adhesive interfaces facilitated high-resolution characterization, and element profiling revealed variations across the tooth-material interfaces. Dentine depth and location had no impact on adhesive durability, although microscopic differences were observed. Here we demonstrate how micro-CT and Xe PFIB-SEM can be used to compare variable dental materials without complex multi-stage specimen preparation to minimize artefacts.
MeSH term(s)	Dental Bonding/methods ; Dental Cements ; Dental Materials/chemistry ; Dentin/chemistry ; Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Materials Testing ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Resin Cements/chemistry ; Surface Properties ; X-Rays ; Xenon/analysis
Chemical Substances	Dental Cements ; Dental Materials ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Resin Cements ; Xenon (3H3U766W84)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1224820-4
ISSN	1600-0722 ; 0909-8836
ISSN (online)	1600-0722
ISSN	0909-8836
DOI	10.1111/eos.12890
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Article ; Online: Influence of recollection and plausibility on age-related deficits in associative memory.

Cooper, Crystal M / Odegard, Timothy N

Memory (Hove, England)

2012 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 28–36

Abstract: Age-related declines in associative memory are proposed to result from deficits in older adults' ability to recollect the past. The present experiment investigated the ability of older adults to compensate for deficits in recollecting the past by using ... ...

Abstract	Age-related declines in associative memory are proposed to result from deficits in older adults' ability to recollect the past. The present experiment investigated the ability of older adults to compensate for deficits in recollecting the past by using plausibility. Participants studied a list of word pairs that shared category or rhyme relations. To measure the processes used during the recognition memory test, participants provided self-reported explanations for their memory judgements. Older adults relied primarily on plausibility, and the younger adults relied on both plausibility and recollection. Older adults experienced both positive and negative consequences as a result of using a knowledge-based strategy to compensate for their decreased ability to recollect the past. Specifically, they were just as capable as younger adults at recognising previously studied items and correctly rejecting distractors that were inconsistent with the rule provided at study. However, they falsely recognised distractors that were consistent with that rule more often than younger adults.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/psychology ; Association Learning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory Disorders/psychology ; Mental Recall ; Middle Aged ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Psychomotor Performance ; Recognition (Psychology)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1147478-6
ISSN	1464-0686 ; 0965-8211
ISSN (online)	1464-0686
ISSN	0965-8211
DOI	10.1080/09658211.2011.630671
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Article ; Online: Dynamic dentin: A quantitative microscopic assessment of age and spatial changes to matrix architecture, peritubular dentin, and collagens types I and III.

Weerakoon, Arosha T / Condon, Nicholas / Cox, Thomas R / Sexton, Christopher / Cooper, Crystal / Meyers, Ian A / Thomson, David / Ford, Pauline J / Roy, Sandrine / Symons, Anne L

Journal of structural biology

2022 Volume 214, Issue 4, Page(s) 107899

Abstract: To investigate age and site-related changes to human dentin collagen, sound human teeth collected from donors aged 13-29 (young) and 50-74 (aged) years (n = 9/group) were cut to shallow and deep sites. Dentin collagen orientation and fibril bundling was ... ...

Abstract	To investigate age and site-related changes to human dentin collagen, sound human teeth collected from donors aged 13-29 (young) and 50-74 (aged) years (n = 9/group) were cut to shallow and deep sites. Dentin collagen orientation and fibril bundling was investigated using the Picrosirius Red (PSR) stain observed under cross-polarized light microscopy (Pol), and collagen distribution was investigated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Collagen types III to I distribution in peritubular dentin (PTD) was revealed using Herovici stain and brightfield microscopy. Image analysis software and linear mixed modelling quantified outcomes. In situ dentin collagen was observed using Xenon Plasma Focussed Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (Xe PFIB-SEM). The PSR-Pol analysis revealed less coherently aligned and more bundled collagen fibrils in aged dentin (P = 0.005). Deep inner dentin collagen in both groups were less coherently aligned with reduced bundling. Regardless of age, CLSM showed collagen distribution remained stable; and more collagen type III was detectable in PTD located in inner dentin (Young: P = 0.006; Aged: P = 0.008). Observations following Xe PFIB-SEM cross-sectioning showed apatite-like deposits surrounding large intratubular collagen fibers, and evidence of smaller intertubular dentin collagen fibrils in situ. In conclusion, aging changes collagen network architecture, but not distribution or content.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Collagen Type I ; Microscopy ; Dentin
Chemical Substances	Collagen Type I
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1032718-6
ISSN	1095-8657 ; 1047-8477
ISSN (online)	1095-8657
ISSN	1047-8477
DOI	10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107899
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Article ; Online: Kynurenine pathway metabolites selectively associate with impaired associative memory function in depression.

Chirico, Margherita / Custer, James / Shoyombo, Ifeoluwa / Cooper, Crystal / Meldrum, Sheila / Dantzer, Robert / Trivedi, Madhukar H / Rathouz, Paul / Toups, Marisa S

Brain, behavior, & immunity - health

2020 Volume 8, Page(s) 100126

Abstract: Activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP), an important downstream effect of inflammation, is a driver of depression and neurodegeneration. Damage from the end product of KP activation, quinolinic acid, may be responsible specifically for impairment in ... ...

Abstract	Activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP), an important downstream effect of inflammation, is a driver of depression and neurodegeneration. Damage from the end product of KP activation, quinolinic acid, may be responsible specifically for impairment in hippocampally mediated memory function, among its effects. We hypothesized that associative memory - the ability to recall relationships between items - would be sensitive to KP activation because it is heavily dependent on the hippocampus. We tested a sample of N = 80 adults with unmedicated depression using a face-name task which assesses the ability to recognize, as well as to recall correct pairings, of faces and names. Plasma samples were analyzed for KP metabolites - tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), quinolinic acid (QUIN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA). Using linear models we examined whether the KYN/TRP and QUIN/KYNA ratios predicted performance of recognition memory and associative memory, accounting for item type and the number of learning exposures to items (1 vs. 3). We found that for rearranged items viewed three times, associative memory performance was inversely related to the QUIN/KYNA ratio (p = 0.01, p = 0.001 adjusted for age, gender and race/ethnicity). Recognition memory was not associated with KP activation. The results support our hypothesis that KP activation most sensitively impacts hippocampally mediated memory function.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-3546
ISSN (online)	2666-3546
DOI	10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100126
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