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  1. Article ; Online: Plant Cell Wall Loosening by Expansins.

    Cosgrove, Daniel J

    Annual review of cell and developmental biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Expansins comprise an ancient group of cell wall proteins ubiquitous in land plants and their algal ancestors. During cell growth, they facilitate passive yielding of the wall's cellulose networks to turgor-generated tensile stresses, without evidence of ...

    Abstract Expansins comprise an ancient group of cell wall proteins ubiquitous in land plants and their algal ancestors. During cell growth, they facilitate passive yielding of the wall's cellulose networks to turgor-generated tensile stresses, without evidence of enzymatic activity. Expansins are also implicated in fruit softening and other developmental processes and in adaptive responses to environmental stresses and pathogens. The major expansin families in plants include α-expansins (EXPAs), which act on cellulose-cellulose junctions, and β-expansins, which can act on xylans. EXPAs mediate acid growth, which contributes to wall enlargement by auxin and other growth agents. The genomes of diverse microbes, including many plant pathogens, also encode expansins designated expansin-like X. Expansins are proposed to disrupt noncovalent bonding between laterally aligned polysaccharides (notably cellulose), facilitating wall loosening for a variety of biological roles.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1293750-2
    ISSN 1530-8995 ; 1081-0706
    ISSN (online) 1530-8995
    ISSN 1081-0706
    DOI 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111822-115334
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  2. Article ; Online: Structure and growth of plant cell walls.

    Cosgrove, Daniel J

    Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 340–358

    Abstract: Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides, namely, cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins, with very different physical properties are ... ...

    Abstract Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides, namely, cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins, with very different physical properties are assembled by the cell to make a strong yet extensible wall. This Review describes the physics of wall growth and its regulation by cellular processes such as cellulose production by cellulose synthase, modulation of wall pH by plasma membrane H
    MeSH term(s) Cell Wall/metabolism ; Cellulose/metabolism ; Plant Cells/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Development/physiology ; Plants/metabolism ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases/metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Cellulose (9004-34-6) ; Plant Proteins ; Polysaccharides ; Glucosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.-) ; Plant Growth Regulators
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2031313-5
    ISSN 1471-0080 ; 1471-0072
    ISSN (online) 1471-0080
    ISSN 1471-0072
    DOI 10.1038/s41580-023-00691-y
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    Zs.MG 26: Show issues

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  3. Article ; Online: Building an extensible cell wall.

    Cosgrove, Daniel J

    Plant physiology

    2022  Volume 189, Issue 3, Page(s) 1246–1277

    Abstract: This article recounts, from my perspective of four decades in this field, evolving paradigms of primary cell wall structure and the mechanism of surface enlargement of growing cell walls. Updates of the structures, physical interactions, and roles of ... ...

    Abstract This article recounts, from my perspective of four decades in this field, evolving paradigms of primary cell wall structure and the mechanism of surface enlargement of growing cell walls. Updates of the structures, physical interactions, and roles of cellulose, xyloglucan, and pectins are presented. This leads to an example of how a conceptual depiction of wall structure can be translated into an explicit quantitative model based on molecular dynamics methods. Comparison of the model's mechanical behavior with experimental results provides insights into the molecular basis of complex mechanical behaviors of primary cell wall and uncovers the dominant role of cellulose-cellulose interactions in forming a strong yet extensible network.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Wall/metabolism ; Cellulose/metabolism ; Pectins/metabolism ; Xylans/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Xylans ; Pectins (89NA02M4RX) ; Cellulose (9004-34-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 208914-2
    ISSN 1532-2548 ; 0032-0889
    ISSN (online) 1532-2548
    ISSN 0032-0889
    DOI 10.1093/plphys/kiac184
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  4. Article ; Online: Expanding wheat yields with expansin.

    Cosgrove, Daniel J

    The New phytologist

    2021  Volume 230, Issue 2, Page(s) 403–405

    MeSH term(s) Ectopic Gene Expression ; Edible Grain ; Seeds ; Triticum
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 208885-x
    ISSN 1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
    ISSN (online) 1469-8137
    ISSN 0028-646X
    DOI 10.1111/nph.17245
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  5. Article ; Online: The mechanics of plant morphogenesis.

    Coen, Enrico / Cosgrove, Daniel J

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2023  Volume 379, Issue 6631, Page(s) eade8055

    Abstract: Understanding the mechanism by which patterned gene activity leads to mechanical deformation of cells and tissues to create complex forms is a major challenge for developmental biology. Plants offer advantages for addressing this problem because their ... ...

    Abstract Understanding the mechanism by which patterned gene activity leads to mechanical deformation of cells and tissues to create complex forms is a major challenge for developmental biology. Plants offer advantages for addressing this problem because their cells do not migrate or rearrange during morphogenesis, which simplifies analysis. We synthesize results from experimental analysis and computational modeling to show how mechanical interactions between cellulose fibers translate through wall, cell, and tissue levels to generate complex plant tissue shapes. Genes can modify mechanical properties and stresses at each level, though the values and pattern of stresses differ from one level to the next. The dynamic cellulose network provides elastic resistance to deformation while allowing growth through fiber sliding, which enables morphogenesis while maintaining mechanical strength.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Wall ; Cellulose ; Computer Simulation ; Morphogenesis/genetics ; Plant Cells ; Plant Development/genetics ; Stress, Mechanical ; Plants/anatomy & histology ; Plants/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
    Chemical Substances Cellulose (9004-34-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.ade8055
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    Zs.MG 77: Show issues

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  6. Article ; Online: The nonlinear mechanics of highly extensible plant epidermal cell walls.

    Yu, Jingyi / Zhang, Yao / Cosgrove, Daniel J

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2024  Volume 121, Issue 2, Page(s) e2316396121

    Abstract: Plant epidermal cell walls maintain the mechanical integrity of plants and restrict organ growth. Mechanical analyses can give insights into wall structure and are inputs for mechanobiology models of plant growth. To better understand the intrinsic ... ...

    Abstract Plant epidermal cell walls maintain the mechanical integrity of plants and restrict organ growth. Mechanical analyses can give insights into wall structure and are inputs for mechanobiology models of plant growth. To better understand the intrinsic mechanics of epidermal cell walls and how they may accommodate large deformations during growth, we analyzed a geometrically simple material, onion epidermal strips consisting of only the outer (periclinal) cell wall, ~7 μm thick. With uniaxial stretching by >40%, the wall showed complex three-phase stress-strain responses while cyclic stretching revealed reversible and irreversible deformations and elastic hysteresis. Stretching at varying strain rates and temperatures indicated the wall behaved more like a network of flexible cellulose fibers capable of sliding than a viscoelastic composite with pectin viscosity. We developed an analytic framework to quantify nonlinear wall mechanics in terms of stiffness, deformation, and energy dissipation, finding that the wall stretches by combined elastic and plastic deformation without compromising its stiffness. We also analyzed mechanical changes in slightly dehydrated walls. Their extension became stiffer and more irreversible, highlighting the influence of water on cellulose stiffness and sliding. This study offers insights into the structure and deformation modes of primary cell walls and presents a framework that is also applicable to tissues and whole organs.
    MeSH term(s) Cellulose/chemistry ; Cell Wall/chemistry ; Cell Membrane ; Pectins ; Plant Epidermis
    Chemical Substances Cellulose (9004-34-6) ; Pectins (89NA02M4RX)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2316396121
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  7. Article ; Online: Non-enzymatic action of expansins.

    Cosgrove, Daniel J

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2020  Volume 295, Issue 19, Page(s) 6782

    MeSH term(s) Cell Wall ; Cellulase ; Glycosyltransferases ; Hydrolysis ; Plant Proteins
    Chemical Substances Plant Proteins ; Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.-) ; Cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1074/jbc.L120.013410
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  8. Article ; Online: Theory and Practice in Measuring In-Vitro Extensibility of Growing Plant Cell Walls.

    Cosgrove, Daniel J

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2020  Volume 2149, Page(s) 57–72

    Abstract: This chapter summarizes four extensometer techniques for measuring cell wall extensibility in vitro and discusses how the results of these methods relate to the concept and ideal measurement of cell wall extensibility in the context of plant cell growth. ...

    Abstract This chapter summarizes four extensometer techniques for measuring cell wall extensibility in vitro and discusses how the results of these methods relate to the concept and ideal measurement of cell wall extensibility in the context of plant cell growth. These in-vitro techniques are particularly useful for studies of the molecular basis of cell wall extension. Measurements of breaking strength, elastic compliance and plastic compliance may be informative about changes in cell wall structure, whereas measurements of wall stress relaxation and creep are sensitive to both changes in wall structure and wall-loosening processes, such as those mediated by expansins and some lytic enzymes. A combination of methods is needed to obtain a broader view of cell wall behavior and properties connected with the concept of cell wall extensibility .
    MeSH term(s) Arabidopsis/cytology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Cucumis sativus/cytology ; Elasticity ; Plant Cells/metabolism ; Protoplasts/metabolism ; Stress, Mechanical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-0621-6_4
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  9. Article ; Online: Primary walls in second place.

    Cosgrove, Daniel J

    Nature plants

    2018  Volume 4, Issue 10, Page(s) 748–749

    MeSH term(s) Arabidopsis ; Cell Wall
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 2055-0278
    ISSN (online) 2055-0278
    DOI 10.1038/s41477-018-0278-7
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  10. Article ; Online: Diffuse Growth of Plant Cell Walls.

    Cosgrove, Daniel J

    Plant physiology

    2018  Volume 176, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–27

    MeSH term(s) Cell Proliferation ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Plant Cells/metabolism ; Plant Epidermis/cytology ; Stress, Physiological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 208914-2
    ISSN 1532-2548 ; 0032-0889
    ISSN (online) 1532-2548
    ISSN 0032-0889
    DOI 10.1104/pp.17.01541
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